Chp. 5 Learning
1. Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice is called
_________________________.
2. The Russian physiologist (person who studies the workings of the body) who discovered classical
conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs was _______ ___________________.
3. _______________ _________________ is learning that makes a reflex response to a stimulus other
than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex.
4. _________________ ________________________ a naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an
involuntary response.
5. _____________________ ___________________ is an involuntary response to a naturally occurring
or unconditioned stimulus.
6. A stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original
unconditioned stimulus is called a _____________________ ____________________.
7. ________________ ____________________ is the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only
similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response.
8. _______________________ ____________________ the tendency to stop making a generalized
response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus
is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
9. A ____________________ is any event or object that, when following a response, increases the
likelihood of that response occurring again.
10. The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred is called _______________
_________________________.
11. ___________________________ _______________ ________________________ is a law stating
that if a response is followed by a pleasurable consequence, it will tend to be repeated, and if
followed by an unpleasant consequence, it will tend not to be repeated.
12. Any behavior that is voluntary is called ____________________.
13. The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experiencing of a pleasurable stimulus is called
__________________ _________________.
14. The reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant
stimulus is called _____________________ _______________________.
15. The reinforcement of simple steps in a behavior that lead to a desired, more complex behavior is
called _________________.
16. The reinforcement of each and every correct response is called ______________
____________________.
17. Any event or object that, when following a response, makes that response less likely to happen again
is said to be ____________________.
18. _____________________ ___________________ is tendency for an animal’s behavior to revert to
genetically controlled patterns.
19. The use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior is called
_________________________ __________________________.
20. ___________________ ___________________ the tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation
because of a history of repeated failures in the past.
21. Learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior is known as
__________________________ __________________________.
Words for Fill-in-the Blanks
behavior modification
classical conditioning
conditioned stimulus
continuous reinforcement
instinctive drift
Ivan Pavlov
learned helplessness
learning
negative reinforcement
observational learning
operant
positive reinforcement
punishment
reinforcer
shaping
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
unconditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
Answers for Fill-in-the-Blanks—Chapter 5
learning
Ivan Pavlov
classical conditioning
unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
reinforcer
spontaneous recovery
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
operant
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
shaping
continuous reinforcement
punishment
instinctive drift
behavior modification
learned helplessness
observational learning