VERB PRACTICE 1 - KEY - Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the correct
form of the verb in brackets, including passive forms. Sometimes it is also necessary to put the
adverb in the correct position.
Tourism in Scotland
The history of tourism in Scotland is essentially a literary one. The first "travelogue" of Scotland, A
Description of the Western Isles of Scotland by Martin Martin, (1.) …WAS PUBLISHED…. (publish) in 1698.
It (2.) ……HAS REMAINED……. (remain) constantly in print to the present day and (3.)
…………IS……..…………. (be) still referred to by researchers into Scottish cultural life and history. It was the
inspiration for Dr Samuel Johnson's tour of Scotland with his friend James Boswell. Boswell (4.)
…………WROTE…………. (write) a diary of their journey, and Johnson's observations, Journal of a Tour to
the Hebrides (1773).
Wealthy English people (5.) ………HAVE ALWAYS TRAVELLED/HAD ALWAYS TRAVELLED…………….(always
travel) to other parts of the world to see great buildings or other works of art, to learn new languages or taste
new cuisine. From the late eighteenth century onwards increasing personal wealth (6.) ……… MEANT……….
(mean) that travel was no longer limited to the aristocracy; two factors pointed these new travellers in the
direction of Scotland: war in mainland Europe which (7.) ……PUT…. (put) a stop to the traditional Grand
Tour, and the Romantic movement in Literature. James Macpherson published Ossian in 1760, supposedly
the translations of ancient Gaelic texts. Napoleon and Goethe both (8.) ………HAD………. (have) copies of
Ossian and its influence (9.) ………SPREAD………. (spread) rapidly throughout Europe and America. From
this time to the present day, Scotland, especially the Highlands, (10.) …… HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED….
(associate) with romantic wilderness.
If you (11.) ………TRAVELLED………….(travel) in style, you (12.) ………COULD………. (can) spend a great
deal on accommodation and food. In more remote places, the hospitality of the poor, though limited to milk
and bread, was free. As the numbers of visitors (13.) ……GREW…………… (grow), however, this tradition
soon (14.) ………DISAPPEARED……….(disappear). Tourism (15.) …BECAME…. (become) commercial and
courtesy (16.) ……WAS REPLACED……. (replace) with cash. Keats, the English poet and walker, complained
in July 1818 that the fare to the island of Staffa from DID NOT SEE (not see) this unique island with its natural
wonders. The fact was that during this period Scotland (19.) …… WAS BECOMING/BECAME……. (become) very
fashionable very quickly.
Mass tourism (20.) ……BEGAN………. (begin) in the nineteenth century under the influence of writers such as
Sir Walter Scott . Everyone who (21.) …… COULD………. (can) afford to do so , simply (22.)
…………HAD…………. (have to) visit the scenes of Lady of the Lake and Waverley. Scott , (23.) ……WAS
ALSO CREDITED…….
(also credit) with the invention of clan tartans and the modern tourist industry. When
King George IV (24.) ……VISITED……. (visit) Edinburgh in 1822, Scott, in charge of organising the visit, (25.)
……ASKED……. (ask) the main clan chiefs to dress "in the masquerade of the Celtic Society". The city was a
sea of kilts, tartans and bagpipes. The King himself (26.) ………… WORE……. (wear) a kilt. The tartan
industry expanded under the Victorians and (27.) …HAS CONTINUED………. (continue) to be a defining
element of Scottishness throughout the world ever since.
Tourism, one of Scotland’s main industries, now (28.) ……… EMPLOYS…………. (employ) more than 215,000
people in every part of the country, twelve months of the year. It (29.) …… ALSO BRINGS/HAS ALSO
BROUGHT…...….
(also bring) customers to the shops and stores which without the tourists (30.) … WOULD
HAVE TO/WOULD HAVE HAD TO…….
(have to) close.
While tourist numbers for the rest of the UK (31.) …… HAVE INCREASED/HAVE BEEN
INCREASING………….(increase)
slowly in recent years last year alone they (32.) ……WENT UP……….(go up)
by over 20% in Scotland, according to the latest International Passenger Service.
Patricia Ferguson, Scotland’s Tourism Minister, said: “I think we (33.) ……ARE NOW BEGINNING/HAVE NOW
BEGUN……….
(now begin) to see the effects of increased marketing activity, increased air and ferry routes
into Scotland and an improvement in the quality of the tourism experience. The 2006 advertising campaign
(34.) ……HAS JUST STARTED…. (just start) and I hope this year we (35.) ……WILL HAVE……. (have) even
more tourists than last.”