VERB PRACTICE 1 - Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the correct form of
the verb in brackets, including passive forms. Sometimes it is also necessary to put the adverb
in the correct position.
Tourism in Scotland
The history of tourism in Scotland is essentially a literary one. The first "travelogue" of Scotland, A
Description of the Western Isles of Scotland by Martin Martin, (1.) ………………….……………….
(publish) in 1698. It (2.) ……………………………………………. (remain) constantly in print to the present day
and (3.) …………………………………..…………. (be) still referred to by researchers into Scottish cultural life
and history. It was the inspiration for Dr Samuel Johnson's tour of Scotland with his friend James Boswell.
Boswell (4.) ……………………………………………. (write) a diary of their journey, and Johnson's
observations, Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides (1773).
Wealthy English people (5.) …………………………………………….(always travel) to other parts of the world
to see great buildings or other works of art, to learn new languages or taste new cuisine. From the late
eighteenth century onwards increasing personal wealth (6.) ……………………………. (mean) that travel was
no longer limited to the aristocracy; two factors pointed these new travellers in the direction of Scotland: war
in mainland Europe which (7.) ……………………………………………. (put) a stop to the traditional Grand
Tour, and the Romantic movement in Literature. James Macpherson published Ossian in 1760, supposedly
the translations of ancient Gaelic texts. Napoleon and Goethe both (8.)
……………………………………………. (have) copies of Ossian and its influence (9.)
……………………………………………. (spread) rapidly throughout Europe and America. From this time to
the present day, Scotland, especially the Highlands, (10.) ……………………………. (associate) with romantic
wilderness.
If you (11.) …………………………………………….(travel) in style, you (12.)
………………………………………. (can) spend a great deal on accommodation and food. In more remote
places, the hospitality of the poor, though limited to milk and bread, was free. As the numbers of visitors (13.)
……………………………………… (grow), however, this tradition soon (14.)
…………………………………………….(disappear). Tourism (15.) ………………………………. (become)
commercial and courtesy (16.) ……………………………………………. (replace) with cash. Keats, the
English poet and walker, complained in July 1818 that the fare to the island of Staffa from Oban (17.)
……………………………… (cost) seven guineas. He refused to pay and so (18.)
……………………………………………. (not see) this unique island with its natural wonders. The fact was
that during this period Scotland (19.) ……………………………………………. (become) very fashionable very
quickly.
Mass tourism (20.) ……………………………………………. (begin) in the nineteenth century under the
influence of writers such as Sir Walter Scott . Everyone who (21.) ………………………………………. (can)
afford to do so , simply (22.) ……………………………………………. (have to) visit the scenes of Lady of the
Lake and Waverley. Scott , (23.) ……………………………………………. (also credit) with the invention of
clan tartans and the modern tourist industry. When King George IV (24.)
……………………………………………. (visit) Edinburgh in 1822, Scott, in charge of organising the visit, (25.)
……………………………. (ask) the main clan chiefs to dress "in the masquerade of the Celtic Society". The
city was a sea of kilts, tartans and bagpipes. The King himself (26.) …………………………………………….
(wear) a kilt. The tartan industry expanded under the Victorians and , (27.)
……………………………………………. (continue) to be a defining element of Scottishness throughout the
world ever since.
Tourism, one of Scotland’s main industries, now (28.) ……………………………………………. (employ) more
than 215,000 people in every part of the country, twelve months of the year. It (29.)
…………………………...…. (also bring) customers to the shops and stores which without the tourists (30.)
……………………………………. (have to) close.
While tourist numbers for the rest of the UK (31.) …………………………………………….(increase) slowly in
recent years last year alone they (32.) …………………………………………….(go up) by over 20% in
Scotland, according to the latest International Passenger Service.
Patricia Ferguson, Scotland’s Tourism Minister, said: “I think we (33.) ……………………………………. (now
begin) to see the effects of increased marketing activity, increased air and ferry routes into Scotland and an
improvement in the quality of the tourism experience. The 2006 advertising campaign (34.)
……………………………………………. (just start) and I hope this year we (35.)
…………….……………………. (have) even more tourists than last.”