Biology 20 – Mr. Mills – Final Exam Review
Unit 1 – Introduction (Ch. 1, 2 & 5)
1. List the characteristics of living things.
2. Describe the contributions of the following men in the development of cell theory: Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
3. State the cell theory and explain how it establishes that all living things are related.
4. Differentiate between prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
5. Describe the structure and function of cellular structures.
6. Identify the levels of organization and specialization in organisms
7. Compare and contrast animal and plant cells.
8. Recognize practical applications of biology.
9. Know the name and functions of parts of a microscope.
10. Compare and contrast electron microscopes with light microscopes.
Unit 2 – Classification, Bacteria, Viruses, Protists & Fungi (Ch. 7, 30 & 31-1)
1. Understand the function of a classification system.
2. Understand binomial nomenclature.
3. Outline the types of evidence used in modern classification.
4. Discuss the people involved in the creation of the modern day system of classification.
5. Explain why bacteria are classified into their own kingdoms of Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
6. Describe the structure, nutrition, and reproduction of bacteria.
7. Differentiate between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
8. Discuss how bacteria can be both harmful and helpful.
9. Understand the role of antibiotics in treating bacterial disease.
10. Discuss the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria and why this type of
test is important.
11. Describe the characteristics of animal-like protists (protozoa) and how they are classified into
phyla.
12. Describe how protozoa feed and move.
13. Discuss how protozoa can be helpful and harmful to man.
14. Describe the characteristics of plant-like protists (algae) and differentiate between the phyla of
algae
15. Discuss harmful and helpful activities of plant-like protists.
16. Describe the characteristics of fungi-like protists and differentiate between the 3 phyla.
17. Describe the basic structure of a virus.
18. Outline how man combats viral diseases.
19. Discuss how viruses may be harmful or helpful.
20. Describe how viruses reproduce through the lytic and lysogenic cycles.
21. Outline how man combats viral diseases.
22. Describe the general characteristics of fungi and their classification into phyla.
23. Describe the reproduction of the four phyla of fungi.
24. Describe the mutualistic relationship found in lichens.
25. Discuss the harmful and helpful activities of fungi.
Unit 3 – Kingdom Animalia (Ch. 32 – 35)
Part A: Invertebrates (Ch. 32-33)
1. Describe the basic characteristics of the Kingdom Animalia
2. Differentiate between vertebrates and invertebrates and list the major phyla of each group.
3. Distinguish between radial and bilateral symmetry.
Biology 20 – Mr. Mills – Final Exam Review
4.
5.
6.
7.
Describe the basic structures of the phylum Porifera and their function
Describe the two body forms found in Cnidarians (Coelenterates).
Describe the basic structures of the Phylum Cnidaria and their function.
Name and describe the three different classes of Platyhelminthes (flatworms) in terms of
structure and function.
8. Describe the structure and function of round worms (Nematoda).
9. Explain reproductive cycles of parasitic flat and round worms.
10. Describe the structure and function of segmented worms (Annelids).
11. Differentiate between the three classes of Mollusks; Bivalves, Gastropods and Cephalopods.
12. Describe the structure and function of Mollusks.
13. Explain the basic characteristics of Arthropods.
14. Describe the characteristics of the Class Crustacea.
15. Describe and explain the internal and external structures of crayfish and how the function.
16. Describe the general characteristics of Centipedes, Millipedes and Arachnids.
17. Explain the major characteristics of insects.
18. List reasons for insect success as land animals.
19. Differentiate between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.
20. Describe the structure and function of starfish.
21. Describe the general characteristics of Echinoderms.
22. Describe and explain the external structures and function of a grasshopper.
Part B: Vertebrates (Ch. 34 & 35)
1. List the basic characteristics of Chordates.
2. Describe the 3 classes of Chordates and the general characteristics of each class.
3. Describe characteristics of Vertebrates and name the 8 classes into which they are grouped.
4. Describe the 2 classes of jawless fish (Cephalospidomorphi & Myxini)
5. Describe the characteristics of the class Chondrichthyes.
6. Describe the characteristics, structure and function of the class Osteichthyes.
7. List the characteristics of the class Amphibia examples of members of each order and the
characteristics of each order..
8. List the orders of Amphibians and their characteristics.
9. Describe and explain the structure and function of the frog.
10. Describe the characteristics of a Reptile and explain why they are better adapted to life on land
than Amphibians.
11. List the orders of Reptiles, examples of members of each order and the characteristics of each
order.
12. List the general characteristics of Birds.
13. Describe the structure and function of feathers.
14. Explain the internal structure and function of Birds. Include a description of how birds are
adapted for flight.
15. List the characteristics of Mammals.
16. List the characteristics that differentiate humans from other mammals.
17. Name the three major types of mammals.
18. List the scientific and common names of the 15 orders of placental mammals. Describe the
characteristics of these orders and examples of mammals from each.
Biology 20 – Mr. Mills – Final Exam Review
Unit 4 – Plants (Ch. 31-2, 18, 19, 24)
1. Explain the general characteristics of plants.
2. Describe the characteristics of non vascular plants (Bryophytes).
3. Compare and contrast monocot and dicot stems, leaves, flowers and seeds
4. Differentiate between spore-dispersing and seed-dispersing plants.
5. Describe the characteristics of Gymnosperms.
6. Describe the characteristics of Angiosperms,
7. Describe the characteristics of vascular plants (Tracheophytes).
8. List the organs of a plant and describe their function.
9. Describe and explain the function of meristematic, protective, vascular and fundamental tissues
of plants.
10. Describe the different types of cells that make up plants
11. Explain the function of roots.
12. Describe the various types of roots.
13. Name the different regions of a root tip and describe what happens to the cells in each region.
14. Name and describe the tissues of roots and stems, explaining their arrangement and function.
15. Name and describe the function of' various internal parts of a typical leaf and relate them to their
function.
16. Differentiate between herbaceous and woody stems.
17. Explain the process of transpiration and how it is controlled in plants.
18. Describe how food, water and nutrients are translocated in plants.
19. Describe the effects of plant hormones of various parts of the plant
20. Define and explain nastic movements and phototropism
21. Explain the different types of tropisms.
22. Explain the difference between positive and negative tropisms.
23. List the structures of a flower and describe their function,
24. Describe pollination and fertilization in angiosperms
25. Explain why dormancy is useful to seeds and plants.
26. Describe the formation of fruits and seeds in angiosperms
27. Describe mechanisms for seed dispersal.
28. Compare and contrast monocot and dicot seeds.
Final Exam Format:
100 Multiple Choice questions
2 sets of matching questions:
Part 1: Units 2 & 3
Part 2: Unit 4 (Plants)
The written section will include questions from each of the 5 units studied.
You will be required to answer written questions from each of the 5 units.
You will have some choice of which questions you choose to answer from
each of the units. Good luck & study hard!!