GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
FINAL EXAMINATION REVIEW
UNIT 1: THE RENAISSANCE
Chapter 1: Times of Change
Key Terms:
1. Worldview
2. Point of View
3. Perspective
4. feudalism
5. hierarchy
6. noble
7. allegiance
8. manor
9. freeman
10. serfs
11. monastery
12. Guilds
13. Journeyman
14. Tithes
15. St. Francis of Assisi
16. sumptuary laws
17. Renaissance
18. Jules Michelet
Review Questions
Feudalism
1. Draw a diagram of the Feudal system hierarchy
2. The Feudal system was based on _____________, ________________,
and _____________________.
3. What was the role of the:
a. King
b. Barons, Abbots/Bishops
c. Knights
d. Villeins/Serfs
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Mr. Diek
1 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
Medieval Country Life
1. What allotment of land was given to peasants?
2. What did peasants have to do in exchange for land? What other
tasks did they have other than farming?
3. How long did they work for?
Town Life
1. Towns were centers for ___________________ communities.
2. Where were towns generally found close to?
3. How were they protected?
4. What was available in shops?
5. What sorts of conditions existed in the towns?
6. Towns offered _________________ and new opportunities.
What were some of these opportunities.
7. What was the role of Guilds?
8. What was one advantage that came with the rise of towns?
Challenges to the Feudal System
1. Black Death
When, where, what, how, why?
2. Why did the Peasants revolt? What happened?
Time & Money
1. Why did money start to become important to people, and what
was the result of this?
2. How was time read in the Medieval Manor?
3. When were mechanical clocks developed?
A Religious Society
1. Draw a diagram of the Church Hierarchy
2. What competitive “business” became prevalent during the
Middle Ages?
3. What did many men and women become? What did they
devote their lives to?
4. What did many of the monasteries become?
5. What sorts of attitudes started to develop amongst people which
changed their attitudes towards religion?
Wealth in Society
1. What was the name of the new class that developed after the
rise of towns? What was the basis for their position in this class?
2. During the Renaissance how did people show their economic
status?
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Mr. Diek
2 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
3. Draw the new Social Structure that developed after Feudalism.
Be sure to include what types of people were included under each
class.
A New Age
1. The Renaissance began in what country?
Chapters 2-3: The Expansion of Trade & The Humanist
Approach
Key Terms:
1. City-States
2. Hinterland
3. Italy “Europe’s Gateway to the East”
4. Ciompi
5. “Florin”
6. Usury
7. Humanist (Humanism)
8. Civic Humanism
9. Arsenal
10. Crusade
Review Questions
Rise of International Trade
1. Identify the trade goods produced and traded on the Silk Road.
a. Identify the country and the goods produced.
2. What was the result of the religious wars between the Christians and
the Muslims?
3. What were the two important results of the Crusades for Europeans?
4. What new ideas were Europeans exposed to?
5. What was so special about spices such as cinnamon, cloves and
nutmeg? What was the most sought after spice?
6. How did the Europeans export goods?
7. What sorts of things were traded for goods produced in other places?
8. Who were the most active participants in the trade?
9. What comparisons exist in the location between the major cities in
Europe with those of Canada? Why?
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Mr. Diek
3 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
Italian City States
1. How did the hinterland support life in Florence?
2. What four factors led to the success of the Italian City states? Be
able to give reasons.
3. How does the physical geography of Italy explain where the cities
developed?
4. Compare the economic, geographic, knowledge and social
worldview under Feudalism and people living in the city-states.
5. Who were the 2 great maritime powers in Italy?
6. Which city controlled the trade with Spanish ports in Barcelona and
Valencia?
7. How did the church view usury, and how did they encourage
investment?
8. What was the purpose of:
a. Partnerships & Joint Stock Companies
b. Banks
c. Bills of Exchange
d. Insurance
9. Why did wealthy people spend money on the arts?
A Rebirth of Ideas (Chapter 3)
1. What were the 4 ways that humanism was integrated into the
Christian religion?
2. The people believed that they could shape their lives through
what?
3. How is Humanism NOT a part of the Christian worldview?
4. What sorts of humanists existed during the Renaissance?
5. Identify Humanist Education and how it operated, and what people
believed with regards to it? What sorts of things were added to the
more general subjects that were taught during the Middle Ages?
6. How were Humanist ideas expressed during the Renaissance
through: (give at least one example for each)
a. Painting
b. Sculpture
c. Architecture
d. Literature
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Mr. Diek
4 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
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Chapters 4-6: The Exchange of Ideas; Age of Exploration; “O
Brave New World”
Identify:
1. Scientific Method
2. International Language
3. Girolamo Savonarola
4. Martin Luther
5. Synod
6. Canon
7. Canons of Dort
8. Jacob Arminius
9. Johannes Gutenberg
10. Nicholas Copernicus
11. Johannes Kepler
12. Galileo
13. Three M’s of Exploration – Explain each.
14. Patron
15. Prince Henry of Portugal
16. Expansionism
17. Bartholomew Dias
18. Vasco da Gama
19. Christopher Columbus
20. Ferdinand Magellan
21. Amerigo Vespucci
22. John Cabot
23. Jacques Cartier
24. Marco Polo
25. Samuel de Champlain
26. Compass
27. Astrolabe
28. Cross-Staff
29. Back-Staff
30. Treaty of Tordesillas
31. Imperialism
32. Sweatshops
33. Queen Elizabeth 1
34. Patriotism
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Mr. Diek
5 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
Review Questions
Chapter 4 – The Exchange of Ideas
1. What were the most important scientific advancements in this period?
2. For thousands of years most people believed that the ___________ went
around the ______________.
3. Who challenged this worldview and what did he teach?
4. What role did Medicine play during the Renaissance?
5. Why did the Roman Catholic Church lose a lot of its power?
6. What things allowed ideas to be quickly spread during this time period?
Chapter 5 – Age of Exploration
1. Why did trade grow across Europe?
2. What were two problems of trade at this time, how was this problem
solved?
3. What did Europeans use money for?
4. Why did Europeans need to find new sources of gold and silver?
5. How would a Christian justify exploration?
6. Which countries began exploration, and which countries did they
discover?
7. Using the map on p. 120 be aware of where each explorer traveled.
Chapter 6 – “O Brave New World”
1. How did Spain become wealthy?
2. What was the response of the English sailors, and who supported these
illegal acts?
3. What was the terrible cost to European Imperialism?
4. Highlight the major differences between the beginning of the
Renaissance and the end using the worldviews of Economy, Religion,
Government and Society.
5. What 4 things did the Europeans learn during the Age of Exploration?
6. Which countries in addition to Spain realized that through Imperialism
they too could become wealthy?
7. How did Europeans see themselves in comparison to the peoples of the
Americas, and what attitudes led them to disregard the rights of
Indigenous and First Nations peoples to their traditional lands?
8. European expansionism also contributed to the establishment of trade
in African slaves. Who was it carried out by and what did they do?
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Mr. Diek
6 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
UNIT 2: THE AZTECS & SPANISH CONFLICT
Chapters 7-8 - The People of the Sun; For the Good of the
People
Identify:
1. Sacred & physical landscape
2. Tenochtitlan
3. Chinampas
4. Causeways
5. Tribute. (Give some examples)
6. Calpolli
7. Artisans
8. Quetzal bird
9. Ocelots
10. Codices
11. Calmecac
12. Telpochcalli
13. Glyphs
14. The number “20”
Mapping
1. Be prepared to complete a map of the valley of Mexico.
2. Be prepared to identify the Aztec empire on a modern day map.
Review Questions
The Physical Landscape
1. Why did the Aztecs finally settle in Tenochtitlan?
- why was this not an ideal setting?
2. How did the mountains surrounding Tenochtitlan benefit the Aztecs?
- why were the mountains important to the Aztecs?
3. What was the purpose of Chinampas?
- how were they built?
- what did farmers grow on Chinampas?
- how did farmers access their crops?
- what was grown on Chinampas?
4. Compare the Aztec Geography with the Canadian Geography
- Consider: maps, war/empire, Agriculture, trade.
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Mr. Diek
7 of 16
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SOCIAL STUDIES
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Aztec Religion
1. Identify the four main gods of the Aztecs. Give a detailed description of
each.
2. Why was Human Sacrifice important to the Aztecs?
- who was human sacrifice usually performed on?
- why was war important to the Aztecs?
3. Give a brief description of the Aztec Calendar.
- why was the calendar important to the Aztecs?
4. What did Aztec Philosophers believe regarding the earth?
5. Why were temples built on top of mountains?
Expanding the Empire
1. In what ways did the Aztecs expand their empire through trade?
2. If the Aztecs were such good farmers themselves, why would the need
to trade for goods with other societies?
3. What role did merchants play in the Aztec way of life?
4. What motivated the Aztecs to create such a great empire?
5. Explain the Aztec’s belief on Military service? What would happen to
someone who did not fight in the army?
Aztec Social Hierarchy
1. Be prepared to draw the Aztec social hierarchy.
2. Explain the roles of the:
- emperor
- calpolli
- merchants
- farmers
- artisans
3. How was the Quetzal bird important to the Aztecs?
4. How was status determined in Aztec culture?
5. How could one move up in society under Aztec culture?
Aztec Education
1. When did Aztecs begin schooling?
2. Aztec education was ____________ and every _____________ went to
school.
3. Explain what education was like for the nobles. Provide examples of
what they might have studied.
4. How did Aztecs count?
5. Explain what education was like for the commoners. Provide examples
of what they studied.
6. Explain what education was like for women.
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Mr. Diek
8 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
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Contributing to Society
1. What were the 5 virtues of the Ideal Aztec Citizen? Describe.
2. Explain the legal system in Aztec culture?
3. What were the laws regarding slaves?
- How did the Aztecs view slavery?
Chapter 9 - Spain Looks Westward
Identify:
1. Spanish Inquisition
2. Monotheism
3. Polytheism
4. Granada
5. Hidalgos
6. Principalities
7. Caliph
8. Acadians (p. 204)
9. Missionaries
10. Reconquista
Geography & Religion:
1. Two reasons why Muslims were able to take control of Spain.
- How might life change under Muslim rule?
2. What were the positive and negative impacts of Muslim rule in Spain?
3. Two reasons why the Muslims lost control of Spain.
Creating a Christian Spain:
1. Who came to help the Spanish Christian forces win territory from the
Muslims?
2. What step did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella take to unite Spain
under one religion?
3. What choice were Muslims and Jews given under the Inquisition?
- Some decided to ____________ Spain; some _______________ to
_____________.
- What was the effect upon Spain of the expulsion of Muslims and
Jews?
4. Identify 3 groups who experienced expulsion in Canada.
5. What was Ferdinand and Isabella’s believe regarding their religious
duty?
6. Who did all Spanish explorers including Columbus bring with them on
their voyages?
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Mr. Diek
9 of 16
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SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
Gold & Glory:
1. How important do you think wealth and fame are in today’s society?
Explain.
- How does the search for them affect people’s attitudes and
behaviour?
2. In what year did Granada surrender?
3. What did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella hope that Columbus’s
mission might achieve?
4. What did Columbus actually find when arriving in the Americas?
- what was the reaction to this finding?
- what did they do in response?
5. How did Spanish nobles support themselves?
- explain their wealth i.e. what did they own etc.
6. What did the nobles believe regarding other types of work, such as
tilling the soil and trades?
- what did they become involved with instead?
Chapter 10 – A Deadly Meeting
Chapter 11 – Worldviews in Conflict
Identify:
1. Conquistador
2. Governor Velazquez
3. War Club
4. Wooden Spear
5. Atlatl (spear thrower)
6. Sword
7. Halberd
8. Crossbow
9. Epidemic
10. Intermediary
11. Montezuma
12. Encomienda system
Chapter 10 – A Deadly Meeting
Review Questions:
1. Briefly describe Cortes, and what his ambitions were.
2. What was Cortes’ formula?
3. What weapons were unknown to the Aztecs? What was their reaction
to the firearms going off?
4. How were horses an advantage for the Spanish over the Aztecs?
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Mr. Diek
10 of 16
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SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
5. Explain the role of disease in the Aztec civilization.
6. What was the Spanish’s strategy in trying to overcome the Aztecs?
(Cortes’ strategy).
7. Whose help did Cortes’ seek to try and overcome the Aztecs?
8. In what ways did Cortes’ constantly change his strategy on his march
into Tenochtitlan?
9. What strategy did the Aztecs employ (Montezuma) when the Spanish
were getting close to Tenochtitlan?
10. Briefly explain the battle at Tenochtitlan.
Chapter 11: Worldviews in Conflict
Review Questions:
1. How did the Aztecs view of their religion change after they were
defeated during the war?
2. What was the new economic system that was introduced by the
Spanish? (hint: new social hierarchy pg. 242)
3. After the Aztecs surrendered Cortes’s men threatened to rebel, why?
4. What two policies did Cortes put in place to solve this problem?
5. What did he achieve by implementing these two policies?
6. Why did King Carlos take the governorship of New Spain away from
Cortes?
7. In what year did Mexico become independent from Spain? Why did
they become independent from Spain?
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Mr. Diek
11 of 16
GRADE 7/8
SOCIAL STUDIES
FINAL EXAM - REVIEW
UNIT 3: JAPAN
Essay 1: Jimmu
1. How was Japan Created?
2. Who was the first Emperor of Japan?
3. In what year did he get this position?
4. Who were the Ainu and where did they live?
5. What 3 things proved the ancestry of the imperial family?
6. Emperor (ess) believed they are descendants of?
7. Jimmu gained control of Japan about 660 BC after he successfully
battled against whom?
Essay 2: Shotoku:
1. When was Shotoku born?
2. What was the oldest religion in Japan – what did it teach?
3. Where was Buddhism founded?
4. How did it come into Japan?
5. When Japanese people were confronted with Buddhism, how did they
respond?
6. What five teachers did Shotoku bring into Japan?
7. What type of government did he introduce?
8. 3 things were adopted later from the Chinese to continue to improve
Japan.
9. In what year did he die?
10. Describe what life was like for women in Ancient Japan.
11. Who wrote the Tale of Genji?
Essay 3: Yoritomo:
1. What was the favourite weapon in early Japan?
2. With what word do we associate the phrase “one who serves”?
3. The Samurai were required to?
4. What did women Samarui do?
5. In 1160 which families feuded – who won this battle?
6. If Lady Minamoto would become the Taira leader’s wife, what would
happen to her two sons?
7. What did the 2 sons eventually do?
8. What does a shogun mean? – Who was the first?
9. When the Minamotos won the final battle what was lost?
10. Who was the boy emperor?
11. What did Yoritomo force Yoshitsune to do?
12. How did Yoritomo die?
13. Code of the Samarui was based on what 4 things?
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Mr. Diek
12 of 16
GRADE 7/8
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Essay 4: Kublai Khan:
1. Match the people with who they would show respect to:
a. Husband
younger brother
b. Children
wife
c. Older brother father
2. Kublai Khan was the leader of who?
3. In what year did Khan send leaders to Japan – what were his orders?
4. He used soldiers from what countries?
5. He was forced to retreat in the 1st battle because he was confused by
what?
6. What did he do in 1274 A.D?
7. What did he do the 2nd time? - How many men did he bring the second
time?
8. How many years did it take between attacks?
9. How did the Japanese win the war against the Mongols?
10. What did they call this divine wind?
11. In what year did Japanese divers discover the Mongolian armada?
Essay 5: Hideyoshi
1. What did Hideyoshi set up to make sure his son would be the next
shogun?
2. How long did the Period of the Warring States last – give the years…
3. Who tried to become Shogun of Japan?
4. Who was his general?
5. What did the Portuguese bring to Japan – in what year?
6. Why was this important to Japan?
7. Who was assassinated in 1582?
8. Who took over Nobunaga’s army – who could he never defeat?
9. Hideyoshi built a huge castle at…
10. In what year did Hideyoshi’s son die? In what year was his other son
born?
11. What did Hideyoshi want to conquer?
12. Whom did he conquer first?
13. Did Hideyoshi eventually conquer Japan?
14. When did Hideyoshi die?
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Mr. Diek
13 of 16
GRADE 7/8
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Essay 6: Ieyasu Tokugawa
1. Who died in 1599? Whom did he trust with his family?
2. In what year did Tokugawa become Shogun?
3. In what year did he attack the castle at Osaka and who died as a
result?
4. During the Tokugawa period of Shogun the system known as
_____________ was used.
5. Describe Japanese feudalism
6. What were the 3 classes of people during this time?
7. Two types of plays existed – what were the names?
8. Who taught that all people should obey their superiors?
9. How long did the title of shogun remain in Tokugawa’s family?
10. What did Confucius teach?
Essay 7: Matthew Perry
1. Which port remained open during the period of Tokugawa’s reign as
shogun?
2. Which two countries did Japan only trade with?
3. All things not Japanese were …
4. In what year(s) did Perry come to Japan?
5. What three things did he bring with him?
6. What was signed between the US and Japan on the 2nd visit?
7. For how long was Japan never conquered?
8. How did Tokugawa’s reign of power end?
9. How long did Japan remain closed?
Essay 8: World War II
1. Why did Japan enter WWII?
2. Japan called the USA what?
3. Who was the president of the USA?
4. Who led the allied forces?
5. What were the four most important dates during WWII and what
happened on them?
6. For how many years did the USA stay and help Japan rebuild?
7. What were the terms of surrender?
Essay 9: After WWII
1. The goal of Japan after WWII and Perry’s visit was what? (How did
Japan modernize?)
2. Many things helped Japan grow – what were they (7 of them)
3. In what year did Japan have the world’s 3rd largest GDP?
4. How have the values of the Japanese changed since the beginning?
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Mr. Diek
14 of 16
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Essay 10: Government
1. Identify what was important about each type of government:
a. Aristocratic
b. Heian
c. Feudal
d. Pre-WWII
e. Post WWII
2. How many prefectures (provinces) does Japan have?
3. What is the executive level of government?
4. What is the Japanese government called?
Essay 11: The Japanese Workplace
1. What does marugakee mean?
2. What is the enterprise family?
3. What is it like working for a Japanese company?
4. What is unemployment like in Japan?
5. What are the differences between men and women in the workplace?
Essay 12: Future Challenges
1. What are the economic problems of Japan?
2. What are tariffs?
3. What was the major environmental problem Japan faced?
4. What are the social problems Japan is facing?
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Mr. Diek
15 of 16
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GENERAL QUESTIONS – you may have to Google some of these…
1. What is the largest city in Japan? (also the capital)
2. What is the basic currency unit in Japan?
3. What is the name of the ancient Japanese style of wrestling?
4. What is the main food of the Japanese people?
5. What is the main source of protein in the Japanese diet?
6. What is the favourite beverage in Japan?
7. Name two forms of poetry in Japan.
8. Name the art of folding paper into decorative objects.
9. Japan has about 1500 of these each year.
10. Name the largest Japanese island.
11. Name the smallest of the main Japanese Islands.
12. What is Japan’s most famous landmark?
13. This was the site of the 1972 winter Olympics.
14. What is a geisha?
15. Name the largest seaport in Japan.
16. The seikan is the longest one of these in the world.
17. Most of Japan’s people live on this island.
18. Name given to a huge wave caused by an undersea earthquake.
19. This is known as the bullet.
20. Name of the Japanese emperor from 1926-1989.
21. Japan’s two most southern islands are?
22. What is an archipelago?
23. On what island is Nagasaki?
24. The coast of Japan is on what ocean?
25. Japan’s main island is called?
26. Japan’s most northern island is?
27. The city where many Japanese emperors lived is?
28. The sea between Shikoku and Honshu is?
29. The sea that separates Japan from Korea and Russia is?
30. The name for two equal parts of the earth is?
END OF REVIEW
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