Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide
Reread Chapter 1 in your textbook and
study all of your notes from class!!!
Renaissance- “rebirth”-a renewal of learning that began during late Middle Ages.
The Renaissance begins in the prosperous Italian city-states grown wealthy from a
monopoly on trade with the East.
Humanism- A revival of the classical learning of Greece and Rome but humanism also
stressed the worth of the individual-“Man is the measure of all things.”
Literature in the vernacular
Petrarch
Boccaccio
Castiglione
Florence and the importance of the Medici
Renaissance art, sculpture, and architecture
New ideas spread with the invention of the printing press by Johann Gutenberg in
1440.
**Know all the V.I.P.s from the Renassiance and what contributions they made to
history
Leonardo -accomplishments
Michelangelo- accomplishments
Raphael-accomplishments
Sir Thomas More
Machiavelli- The Prince
By the late 1500s the Renaissance had spread throughout much of Western Europe.
Its emphasis on inquiry called into question many long-standing beliefs.
Erasmus and Christian Humanism
The Protestant Reformation
John Tezel and the sale of indulgences.
Corruption of the Church
Martin Luther opposed the sale of indulgences.
Luther claimed people could not buy God’s forgiveness- justification by faith
(1517) 95 Theses- criticized the sale of indulgences and other Church practices. (simony)
Pope excommunicated Luther in 1521.
Diet of Worms
Bible in the vernacular 1534
Peace of Augsburg 1555
Lutheran revolt was greatly aided by printing press.
Henry VIII
Anglican Church 1536
John Calvin and Calvinism
Geneva 1536
Theocracy
Predestination
Counter Reformation-1530s
Council of Trent 1545-1563
Brought an end to many abuses
Clearly stated the Church teachings
Reinforced the Pope’s authority
1542 the Inquisition was given full powers to root out Protestantism as heresy.
Inquisition put an end to Renaissance- Italy’s thinkers had to obey the Church in all
things. The Church made an example of the scientist Galileo.
Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits or Society of Jesus in 1534 to combat
Protestantism.
They stressed education and founded colleges in Europe combining humanist values with
Catholic theology.
Scientific Revolution – Understand how it compared to the thinking of the Middle
Ages and how it changed history and it what ways
Copernicus
Kepler
Galileo
Vesalius
Newton
**Know the new inventions of the Scientific Revolution