“ With the scratch of a pen they casually disposed of a continent they had never seen and could scarcely imagine ”
Francis Parkman describing the signing of the Treaty of Paris 1763 ending The French and Indian War.

•   Early French success 1755-1757
•   William Pitt- “ Canada first ” 1757
•   Fall of Quebec 1759
•   Fall of Montreal 1760
•   Spain ’ s late entry 1762

•   Fort Necessity 1754
•   Braddock ’ s defeat 1755
•   Forbes ’ road 1758
•   Lack of recognition. No British commission. ? Lacked education.

•   Franklin and Hutchinson
•   Common defense of colonies against French and Indian allies.
•   Rejected by colonies.
•   Contained many future aspects of Articles of Confederation.

•   King George III and Louis XV concluded a war fought on 4 continents and 3 oceans.
•   Britain won an empire greater than that of
Imperial Rome.
•   More American territory exchanged hands than any time before or since.
•   Set in motion the conditions leading to the
American Revolution.

•   Spain: Louisiana from France and return of
Cuba in exchange for Florida.
•   France: Expulsion from North America,and return of Guadeloupe,Martinique and
St.Lucia.
•   British: Gain Canada,Ohio Valley,Florida,
Grenada,Tobago,Senegal, and return of
Minorca.

•   Tribes desire neutrality
•   Indian land not white man ’ s.Who will better guarantee their rights.
•   French adapt to Indian culture, better traders
•   Jeffery Amherst infect Indian blankets with
Small pox.

•   Pontiac –Chief of Ottawas,allied with French, never surrendered
•   British refused guns and whiskey
•   Delaware prophet- Neolin
•   Confederacy: Iroquois,Miami,Delaware,Shawnee
•   Siege of Forts Detroit and Pittsburgh, smaller forts fell
•   Atrocities, 2000 British, 1000 Indians killed.
•   Defections,French failed to support

•   Make peace and pacify Indians.
•   Easier to control colonies if not growing.
•   Indians held rights to land but were under
British authority.
•   Alleghenies to the Mississippi River.
•   Colonists angry and ignored line.

•   Competitive speculation among colonies.
•   Land grants to war veterans.
•   Paxton Boys Massacre: Dec.1763
•   Creeks driven into Florida.
•   Massive influx of settlers into Ohio Valley.

•   Survival of French culture and civil law.
•   Right to practice Catholicism.-Carleton
•   French traders remain in control of western frontier but commerce under British control.
•   St.Louis settled primarily by French from
Louisiana.

•   King George- extend Quebec to Ohio River.
•   Punish colonies for rebellion and block expansion to north.
•   Maintain Canadian loyalty and prevent
Quebec from becoming 14 th state.

Louisiana:
Transfer to Spain to keep out of British hands.
Spanish administer from Havana.
French culture persists.
Acadians settlement.
Florida:
West: administered by British
East: strong Spanish enclave remains.

Appalachians to Mississippi
French to British 1763
British to Americans 1783
Mississippi to Rockies
French to Spanish 1763
Spanish to French 1800
French to Americans 1803

•   “ Salutary Neglect ”
•   No taxes
•   Virtually no intercolonial trade
•   Navigation Acts not enforced (bribery and smuggling)
•   Growing British reliance on American trade.
•   Self-governing assemblies.
•   Royal governors- “ Rubber stamps ” loose management.

•   British “ sacrifice ” to protect colonists.
•   Colonists need to share in the debt.
•   Share the cost of supporting troops.
•   Tighten custom laws.
•   British near financial collapse.

•   Defiance of Writs of Assistance 1761
•   Proclamation of 1763
•   Denied rights of Englishmen.
•   Independence not an initial goal.
•   Loss of French threat. Less dependent on
British protection.

•   Patrick Henry
•   Colonies required to pay clergy 2 pence per pound of tobacco.
•   Rise of tobacco prices. House of Burgesses object.
•   King and Parliament did ’ nt uphold law.

•   James Otis and Thomas Hutchinson
•   Smuggling to avoid taxes.
•   British claim right to inspect ships,warehouses and personal property.
•   Otis challenged being deprived of right to property was “ unconstitutional ”

•   Governor of Massachusetts. Rich on royal salary.
•   Focal point of anger.
•   Owns stock East India Company.
•   Replaced by General Gage.