Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN AMENITIES IN SRINAGER CITY JAMMU
AND KASHMIR
*Jahangeer Afzal Parry, *Nisar Ahmad Kuchay, *Showkat Ahmad Ganaie &
**Prof. M. Sultan Bhat
** Professor and Head, Department of Geography and Regional Development, University
of Kashmir.
* Research Scholars, Department of Geography and Regional Development, University
of Kashmir.
Abstract: Urban amenities comprise the infrastructure, goods and services that are collectively needed
for the urban society. These are central to urban society without which urban society cannot emerge and
sustain. There is uneven distribution of the different urban amenities particularly in the developing
countries. Srinagar city also shows significant unevenness in the provision of urban amenities. The
analysis of the data reveals that there is complete disparity in the distribution of health care institutions
and ration depots in different wards (Municipal units) of the city. Twenty six wards of the city out of
sixty eight (38 percent) have absence of any Health Institution, while as seven wards (10 percent) have
deficiency in the establishment of Health Institutions, six wards (9 Percent) have self sufficiency and the
rest twenty nine wards (43 percent) posses above normal concentration. Similarly, in case of ration
stores, thirty six wards out of sixty eight (53 percent) have above normal concentration, while as the
rest thirty two wards (47 percent) have deficiency in the arrangement of provision of ration stores. Even
six wards in the city have absence of the ration stores. Ward wise wazirbagh leads the hierarchy as
having highest concentration of both Ration stores and Health Institutions. The amenities generally
decrease from the core of the city to its peripheries. Therefore it becomes imperative to find a
sustainable solution for the provision of adequate and balanced urban amenities and their optimum
utilization.
Keywords: Amenities, Core, Periphery, Spatial, Optimum Utilization
1.0 Introduction
Human life and development is based on the extent to which man can satisfy the basic needs such as food,
clothing and shelter. In order to fulfill these and other needs, man requires access to certain facilities such
as market, housing, water supply, electricity and adequate transportation (Adekunle et al, 2011). The access
to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, sanitation, health care facilities and solid
waste management are critical determinants of urban quality of life (Bhagat, 2010). Though these
infrastructures form an important and integral part of life of any community, either rural or urban but they
are unequally distributed over space. Many empirical findings have shown that facilities are unequally
distributed in our communities such that the vast majority of the people are caught in a never ending
struggle to gain access to these infrastructures in order to improve their quality of life (Eyles, 1996;
Oyerinde, 2006). Inequalities in access to social infrastructures may be as a result of inefficiency in the
distribution and allocation of facilities between areas or as a result of social barriers like ethnicity, religion
or status which may directly limit certain groups from having access to public facilities. This is a prominent
characteristic of a capitalist economy (Stevenson, 2004). The spatial variation in availability and access to
infrastructure result in spatial disparities in living standards both within and between regions and localities
(Madu, 2007). Knowledge of the nature and pattern of distribution of existing facilities in any region is
needed before we make any attempt to project and plan their future development.
Objectives
•
To analyze the spatial distributional pattern of health care institutions and ration stores in Srinagar
City.
20
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
•
•
To examine and analyze the magnitude of spatial concentration and disparity in the provision of
health care facility and ration stores in the city.
To identify the over served and underserved wards for future planning of these amenities in the
city.
2.0 Data Base
The Survey of India toposheets (1971) on scale 1:50000 (J12, J16 and K13) were used in the present study
to generate base map. Data pertaining to various socio-economic variables like total population of the city,
its ward wise distribution, location and strength of different urban amenities etc. have been gathered
accordingly from various departments. The data on population and its various attributes was obtained from
Census Department; Information pertaining to different types of health institutions was gathered from
Directorate of Health Services Kashmir and Department of Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution.
Srinagar (J&K) was consulted to provide data related to ration stores in the city.
Software’s used
i)
ERDAS IMAGINE 9.0
ii) Arc View GIS 3.2a
3.0 Methodology Adopted
In order to accomplish the objectives taken for the study, the methodology has been divided into two
branches. First the base map was generated and subsequently by geo-referencing it was made compatible
for making further maps. Secondly the data collected from different sources has been treated statistically by
using the appropriate methods of determining the spatial variation, spatial concentration and spatial
disparity. Flow Chart of methodology is given below (Fig. 1.1).
Methodology Adopted
SOI toposheets
Secondary Data
Geo-referencing
Amenity Data
Population Data
Delineation of Study Area
Population-Amenity Ratio
Digitization
Base Map
Ward Map
Spatial Variation
Ward wise Amenity Distribution
Spatial Concentration
Spatial Disparity
Identification of Gaps and
Prioritization of Wards for future
Planning
21
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Fig.1.1 Flow Chart of Methodology
Study Area
Srinagar city is located between 34º0´ - 34º14´ N and 74º43´ - 74º52´E (Fig. 1.2). It is the summer capital
of the state of Jammu & Kashmir (Hussain, 2006). It is situated at an altitude of 5200 feet above the mean
sea level and has grown over the past about eleven hundred years on either banks of river Jhelum of
Kashmir valley, so vast and so level that the people living here have forgotten that they live in Himalayas.
The city as well as its hinterland is encircled by the natural wall of mountains (the sub-mountain branches
of the Pir Panjal range) whose height varies from 1800 to 4300 meters above the mean sea level midst of
an oval shaped valley of Kashmir. The total area of the city at present is 278.1Km2 excluding cantonment
area under Defence use (Bhat, 2007). The total population of Srinagar municipality is 1147617 (Census,
2011).
Fig. 1.2
4.0 Results and Discussion
(I) Spatial Variation
Proper and even distribution of health care institutions is vital for the development of any region as it is
intimately related to the nature and welfare of better human resource. Similarly the ration stores are
important for ensuring the food security. The distribution of health care institutions and ration stores ward
wise in the Srinagar city is presented in the Table 1.1. Wide variation is observed in the availability of
health care establishments and ration stores across the wards. Hazratbal, Palpora and Khomeni Chowk , for
example, accounts for the largest number of healthcare establishments. Largest numbers of ration stores are
found in Nishat, Parimpora, Lal bazaar, Hazratbal and Khomeni chowk followed by Buchpora, Zainkot and
Ganpatyar. While as on contrarary, Khonmoh, Mukdoom Sahib, Lawaypora etc. have no ration store and
Chanapaora, Allochi Bagh, Batamaloo etc. don’t posses any health care establishment. Such variations
indicate that the distribution of public facilities across wards is not proportional to the distribution of
population.
22
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Table 1.1: Distribution of Public Facilities/Urban Amenities in Srinagar City
Ward Name
Badamibagh
Cantonment
Harwan
Nishat
Dalgate
Lalchowk
Rajbagh
Jawahar Nagar
Wazir Bagh
Mehjoor Nagar
Natipora
Channapora
Bhagat Barzulla
Rawalpora
Sheikh
Dawood
Colney
Batamaloo
Aloochi Bagh
Magarmal Bagh
Nundreshi Colony
Qamarwari
Parimpora
Zainakot
Bemina East
Bemina West
Shaheed Gunj
Karan Nagar
Chattabal
Syed Ali Akbar
Nawab Bazar
Islamyarbal
Aali Kadal
Ganpathyar
Malik Aangan
Barbarshas
Khankhai Mohalla
S.R.Gunj
Aqil-Mir Khanyar
Khawja Bazar
Safakadal
Idd Gah
Tarabal
Jogilangar
Zind Shah sahab
Area Sq. Km
15
Population
Ration Depot
Health
Institution
9
11
5
2
2.2
1.2
2.1
3.5
2.2
1.9
8
7.5
27884
19795
16582
9919
10142
14807
3084
25294
14372
21779
29937
13727
9
15
7
7
7
3
3
7
9
2
10
5
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
0
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2.2
3.5
2.2
6
1
1.5
1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
1.2
0.8
0.3
0.5
1.3
1.1
2.2
1.3
0.5
0.5
9830
15732
16824
7456
11819
8830
17022
21065
14143
26590
9375
11120
17152
16229
14469
11494
8765
13132
15622
20527
15724
18121
18043
17429
19907
26564
9168
21949
12421
4
3
15
5
5
5
14
10
4
0
6
6
3
4
1
2
3
9
2
4
2
2
1
0
6
4
3
2
4
0
1
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
23
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Hassanabad
Jamia Masjid
Mukhdoom Sahab
Kawdara
Zadibal
Madin Sahab
Now Shehra
Zoonimar
Lal Bazar
Umer Conony
Soura
Buchpora
Ahmad Nagar
Zakura
Hazratbal
Teal bal
Bud dal
Lokut Dal
Dara
Alesteng
Palpora
Maloora
Laweypora
Khumani Chowk
Humhama
Pandrathen
Khanmoh
Total
1.3
0.2
2.1
2
2
2.2
1
1.6
3.5
4.5
1
2.7
7
15
3
6
13
9
13
11
22
7
10
15
17
4
7
291.6
17286
8215
18755
23141
15128
13155
11441
15401
22140
26754
11629
23119
30511
11114
17218
17369
13233
19985
23943
18928
26160
21374
12419
25194
18929
17324
13908
1147617
1
6
0
4
3
3
3
3
14
2
4
11
3
3
13
7
2
3
6
3
8
0
0
12
3
9
0
339
1
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
1
2
3
1
0
1
4
1
0
2
2
3
4
2
1
4
0
2
1
76
Source: (1) Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir (2) Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution
Department, Srinagar, J&K, 2011
The distribution of different health institutions and Ration Stores in the city has been presented in the Fig.
1.3.and1.4. It is clear from the figures that there is complete disparity in the distribution of health care
establishments and Ration Stores in different wards. Most of the wards lying close to the main city center
do posses the appropriate health care facilities, but the wards off the city center are devoid of the same.
Though there are ration stores in each and every ward but their concentration is not in consonance with the
population in the different wards of the city.
Figure 1.3(Source) Directorate of Health Services Srinager, J &k Distribution(CAPD)
24
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
.Fig 1.4 (Source) Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution (CAPD) Department, Srinagar, J&K.
(II) Spatial Concentration
An idea about the extent of concentration of public facilities in different wards of the city has been
obtained by taking into consideration the distribution of population in analysis. In this context the use of
location quotient method proved helpful. This method is in fact used to measure the extent to which the
public facilities in different parts such as wards in a city are in balance (Jahan & Oda, 2005). The location
quotient is a device for comparing a ward's percentage share of a particular facility with its percentage
share of its population. For calculating the location quotient (L.Q.) for a particular facility ‘i’ in a particular
ward, the following formula has been used.
L.Q. = (ni / p) / (Ni / P)
Where,
ni = Number of facility ‘i' in a given ward, p = Population of the concerned ward,
Ni = Number of facility i in Srinagar City, P = Total population of Srinagar City.
If L.Q >1, Concentration is indicated means the per capita availability of that facility in the ward
exceeds that of the city as a whole.
L.Q <1, indicates Deficiency and L.Q=1 indicates self-sufficiency.
Location quotient of healthcare institutions and ration stores is given in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2: Ward wise Analysis of Health Care Institutions and Ration Stores in Srinagar City
Percentag
e of
Locatio Locatio
Percenta
Percenta
Health
Health
n
n
ge of
Ratio
ge of
Care
Care
Quotie
Quotie
Populati Populati
n
Ration
Instituti Institutio
nt of
nt of
Ward Name
on
on
Store
Stores
on
ns
HCI
R.S
Badamibagh
Cant.
Harwan
27884
2.43
9
2.65
1
1.32
0.54
1.09
Nishat
19795
1.72
15
4.42
2
2.63
1.53
2.57
Dalgate
16582
1.44
7
2.06
2
2.63
1.82
1.43
Lalchowk
9919
0.86
7
2.06
1
1.32
1.52
2.39
Rajbagh
10142
0.88
7
2.06
2
2.63
2.98
2.34
Jawahar Nagar
14807
1.29
3
0.88
1
1.32
1.02
0.69
Wazir Bagh
3084
0.27
3
0.88
3
3.95
14.69
3.30
Mehjoor Nagar
25294
2.20
7
2.06
1
1.32
0.60
0.94
Natipora
14372
1.25
9
2.65
1
1.32
1.05
2.12
25
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Channapora
Bhagat Barzulla
Rawalpora
Sheikh
Dauod
Colney
Batamaloo
Aloochi Bagh
Magarmal Bagh
Nundreshi
Colony
Qamarwari
Parimpora
Zainakot
Bemina East
Bemina West
Shaheed Gunj
Karan Nagar
Chattabal
Syed Ali Akbar
Nawab Bazar
Islamyarbal
Aali Kadal
Ganpathyar
Malik Aangan
Barbarshas
Khankhai
Mohalla
S.R.Gunj
Aqil-Mir
Khanyar
Khawja Bazar
Safakadal
Idd Gah
Tarabal
Jogilangar
Zind Shah sahab
Hassanabad
Jamia Masjid
Mukhdoom
Sahab
Kawdara
Zadibal
Madin Sahab
Now Shehra
Zoonimar
Lal Bazar
Umer Conony
Soura
Buchpora
Ahmad Nagar
Zakura
Hazratbal
21779
29937
13727
1.90
2.61
1.20
2
10
5
0.59
2.95
1.47
0
2
3
0.00
2.63
3.95
0.00
1.01
3.30
0.31
1.13
1.23
9830
15732
16824
7456
0.86
1.37
1.47
0.65
4
3
15
5
1.18
0.88
4.42
1.47
0
1
0
3
0.00
1.32
0.00
3.95
0.00
0.96
0.00
6.08
1.38
0.65
3.02
2.27
11819
8830
17022
21065
14143
26590
9375
11120
17152
16229
14469
11494
8765
13132
15622
20527
1.03
0.77
1.48
1.84
1.23
2.32
0.82
0.97
1.49
1.41
1.26
1.00
0.76
1.14
1.36
1.79
5
5
14
10
4
0
6
6
3
4
1
2
3
9
2
4
1.47
1.47
4.13
2.95
1.18
0.00
1.77
1.77
0.88
1.18
0.29
0.59
0.88
2.65
0.59
1.18
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1.32
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.95
2.63
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.28
1.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.83
2.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.72
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.43
1.92
2.79
1.61
0.96
0.00
2.17
1.83
0.59
0.84
0.23
0.59
1.16
2.32
0.43
0.66
15724
18121
1.37
1.58
2
2
0.59
0.59
0
0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.43
0.37
18043
17429
19907
26564
9168
21949
12421
17286
8215
1.57
1.52
1.73
2.31
0.80
1.91
1.08
1.51
0.72
1
0
6
4
3
2
4
1
6
0.29
0.00
1.77
1.18
0.88
0.59
1.18
0.29
1.77
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
1.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.32
2.63
1.32
1.32
0.00
0.84
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.65
1.38
1.22
0.87
0.00
0.19
0.00
1.02
0.51
1.11
0.31
1.09
0.20
2.48
18755
23141
15128
13155
11441
15401
22140
26754
11629
23119
30511
11114
17218
1.63
2.02
1.32
1.15
1.00
1.34
1.93
2.33
1.01
2.01
2.66
0.97
1.50
0
4
3
3
3
3
14
2
4
11
3
3
13
0.00
1.18
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.88
4.13
0.59
1.18
3.40
0.88
0.88
3.83
0
0
2
2
0
1
1
2
3
1
0
1
4
0.00
0.00
2.63
2.63
0.00
1.32
1.32
2.63
3.95
1.32
0.00
1.32
5.24
0.00
0.00
2.00
2.30
0.00
0.98
0.68
1.13
3.90
0.65
0.00
1.36
3.51
0.00
0.59
0.67
0.77
0.89
0.66
2.14
0.25
1.17
1.61
0.33
0.92
2.56
26
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Teal bal
17369
1.51
7
2.06
1
1.32
Bud dal
13233
1.15
2
0.59
0
0.00
Lokut Dal
19985
1.74
3
0.88
2
2.63
Dara
23943
2.09
6
1.77
2
2.63
Alesteng
18928
1.65
3
0.88
3
3.94
Palpora
26160
2.28
8
2.36
4
5.24
Maloora
21374
1.86
0
0.00
2
2.63
Laweypora
12419
1.08
0
0.00
1
1.32
Khumani Chowk
25194
2.20
12
3.54
4
5.24
Humhama
18929
1.65
3
0.88
0
0.00
Pandrathen
17324
1.51
9
2.65
2
2.63
Khanmoh
13908
1.21
0
0.00
1
1.32
TOTAL
1147617
100
339
100.00
76
100.00
HCI and R.S stands for Health Care Institutions and Ration Stores respectively.
Source: Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution (CAPD) Department, Srinagar, J&K.
0.87
0.00
1.51
1.26
2.39
2.31
1.41
1.22
2.40
0.00
1.74
1.09
1.37
0.51
0.51
0.85
0.54
1.04
0.00
0.00
1.61
0.54
1.76
0.00
It is clear from the table that twenty six wards out of sixty eight (38 percent) have absence of any Health
Institutions, while as seven wards (10 percent) have deficiency in the establishment of Health Institutions,
six wards (9 Percent) have self sufficiency and the rest twenty nine wards (43 percent) posses above normal
concentration i,e; the per capita availability of the facility exceeds that of the city as a whole. Ward wise
wazirbagh tops the hierarchy as having the location quotient value of 14.69. Similarly, in case of ration
stores, thirty six wards out of sixty eight (53 percent) have above normal concentration i,e; the per capita
availability of the facility exceeds that of the city as a whole, while as the rest thirty two wards (47 percent)
have deficiency in the arrangement of provision of ration stores. Even six wards in the city have absence of
the ration stores. Ward wise wazirbagh has the highest concentration of Ration stores with the value of
location quotient equals to 3.3.
Fig. 1.5
Cumulative Percentage of Ration
Stores
(III) Spatial Disparity
From the location quotient analysis we have gained some knowledge about the relative positions of
different wards with respect to a particular facility. Our analysis indicates that the level of concentration of
public facilities varies quite significantly across wards in the Srinagar city and this leads us to believe that
considerable disparity exists among the wards in terms of different public facilities. In order to have an idea
about the degree of spatial disparity with respect to various public facilities, a special type of cumulative
frequency graph, known as Lorenz Curve commonly used for measuring inequality in income. The line of
equality shows the equal distribution of the facilities. The deviation of Lorenz curve depicts the degree of
spatial disparity. If the curve is close to the Line of equality, it indicates least disparity and the more it
deviates from it, the more is the disparity.
The Lorenz Curves for different public facilities are presented below (Fig.1.5 & 1.6).
Ration Stores
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Cumulative Percentage of Population
90
100
27
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Cumulative Percentage of Health Institutions
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
100
90
Health Care Institutions
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cumulative Percentage of Population
Fig. 1.6
It is clear from the figure 1.6 that there is disparity in the provision of adequate Health Institutions in
Srinagar City. Fifty percent population of the city have only 24 Percent share of the facility, while as the
rest fifty Percent enjoy the remaining 76 Percent of the facility which is an indication of the inequality in
the provision of this facility. Same is repeated in case of ration stores where fifty percent population of the
city have access to only 33 Percent share of the facility, while as the rest fifty Percent enjoy the remaining
67 Percent of the facility (Fig. 1.5) which is an indication of the inequality in the provision of this facility in
the city.
(IV) Identification of Gaps
In order to identify gaps in the provision of urban amenities to the Srinagar city, weightage has been given
to different facilities as per their standard and number. The total number of facilities in each ward has been
multiplied by the number obtained by dividing the aggregate number of all kinds of facilities by total
number of each facility. The individual weighted scores of different facilities of a ward were added together
to get total weighted score of each ward (Table 1.3).
Table 1.3: Weighted Scores of all wards of Srinagar City
Health
Ward Name
Ration Store
Institutions
Aggregate Weighted Score
Harwan
9
1
63.89
Nishat
15
2
113.54
Dalgate
7
2
75.57
Lalchowk
7
1
54.40
Rajbagh
7
2
75.57
Jawahar Nagar
3
1
35.41
Wazir Bagh
3
3
77.75
Mehjoor Nagar
7
1
54.40
Natipora
9
1
63.89
Channapora
2
0
9.49
Bhagat Barzulla
10
2
89.81
Rawalpora
5
3
87.24
Sheikh
Dawood
Colney
4
0
18.99
Batamaloo
3
1
35.41
Aloochi Bagh
15
0
71.19
Magarmal Bagh
5
3
87.24
Nundreshi Colony
5
1
44.90
28
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Qamarwari
Parimpora
Zainakot
Bemina East
Bemina West
Shaheed Gunj
Karan Nagar
Chattabal
Syed Ali Akbar
Nawab Bazar
Islamyarbal
Aali Kadal
Ganpathyar
Malik Aangan
Barbarshas
Khankhai Mohalla
S.R.Gunj
Aqil-Mir Khanyar
Khawja Bazar
Safakadal
Idd Gah
Tarabal
Jogilangar
Zind Shah sahab
Hassanabad
Jamia Masjid
Mukhdoom Sahab
Kawdara
Zadibal
Madin Sahab
Now Shehra
Zoonimar
Lal Bazar
Umer Conony
Soura
Buchpora
Ahmad Nagar
Zakura
Hazratbal
Teal bal
Bud dal
Lokut Dal
Dara
Alesteng
Palpora
Maloora
Laweypora
Khumani Chowk
Humhama
Pandrathen
Khanmoh
Total
5
14
10
4
0
6
6
3
4
1
2
3
9
2
4
2
2
1
0
6
4
3
2
4
1
6
0
4
3
3
3
3
14
2
4
11
3
3
13
7
2
3
6
3
8
0
0
12
3
9
0
339
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
1
2
3
1
0
1
4
1
0
2
2
3
4
2
1
4
0
2
1
76
44.90
66.45
47.46
18.99
0.00
91.99
70.82
14.24
18.99
4.75
9.49
35.41
42.72
9.49
18.99
9.49
9.49
25.92
0.00
28.48
18.99
35.41
51.83
40.16
25.92
28.48
0.00
18.99
56.58
56.58
14.24
35.41
87.62
51.83
82.50
73.38
14.24
35.41
146.39
54.40
9.49
56.58
70.82
77.75
122.65
42.34
21.17
141.64
14.24
85.06
21.17
29
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
Source: Authors
Note: The total number of civic amenity establishments in Srinagar City=1609
The aggregate weighted scores have been projected on map (Fig. 1.7) to highlight the underserved wards
and which need special consideration for ensuring the basic facilities in these wards.
Source: Authors
Fig. 1.7
Thus it is clear from the map that three wards namely Hazratbal, Khomani Chowk and Nishat enjoy highest
share of above mentioned facilities followed by Shaheed Gunj, Baghat Barzulla and Rawalpora, while as
on contrary twenty wards face shortage of civic amenities. The worst hit among them are Mukhdoom
Sahib, Khwaja Bazar and Bemina west which have not even a single ration store or health institution. The
other wards with least facilities are Nawab Bazar, Khankhai Mohalla, S.R. Gunj, Bud dal, Syed Ali Akbar,
Islamyarbal etc.
5.0 Conclusion
The analysis of the distribution of public facilities as presented above indicates that there is a lead-lag
relationship among different wards in terms of the facilities. Some wards are more developed in terms of a
particular facility while others lag far behind the mean level of development of the city in terms of that
facility. The varying degrees of concentration and dispersion of different types of public facilities indicate
that the existing planning efforts could not produce satisfactory results in terms of balanced development of
different parts of the City. It is now expected that the population of Srinagar City will increase quite
significantly during the next decade thereby multiplying the need for different types of public facilities.
Since most of these facilities will be provided by the government, their availability and distribution must be
planned carefully.
30
Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences
Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31
Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)
References
Abiodun, J.O. (1967). Urban Hierarchy in a Developing Country: Economic Geography. 43(4): 347-367.
Adekunle, Aderamo and Aina (2011): “Spatial Inequalities in Accessibility to Social Amenities in
Developing Countries: A Case from Nigeria”. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(6):
316-322, 2011 ISSN 1991-8178.
Bhagat R. B (2010), “Access to Basic Amenities in Urban Areas by Size class of Cities and
Towns in India”. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai-400088.
Bhat, M.S. (2008), “Urban Systems in Himalayas”, Dilpreet Publishing House, New Delhi. Pp.
17-45.
Chapelet P. and Bertrand L. (2005).”Contextualising the urban healthcare system-Methodology
for developing a geodatabase of Dehli’s Healthcare system.”CSH occasional paper
Census of India, Jammu and Kashmir Series 2001 and 2011.
Eyles, J.D., 1996. Poverty as Inequality: A Case Study. Progress in Human Geography, 6: 55-6
Hussain, M.2006 “Geography of Jammu and Kashmir”, Rajesh Publications, New Delhi,pp.1-15,113-138.
Jahan, S. and Oda, T. (2005), “Distribution of Public Facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Spatial Analysis”,
University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka Bangladesh
Madu, I.A.(2007) “The underlying factors of Rural Development Patterns in the Nsukka Region of
Southeastern Nigeria”. Journal of Rural and Community Development,2:110-122.
Master Plan 2000-2021, Srinagar Metropolitan Area, Srinagar Development Authority.Rahaman K.R and
Salauddin M. (2009), “A spatial analysis on the provision of urban public Services and
their
deficiencies: A study of some selected blocks in Khulna city”, Bangladesh. Theoretical and Empirical
researches in urban management, special number April 2009: Urban issues in Asia.
Stevenson, D. (2004), “Civic Gold’ Rush: Cultural Planning of the Politics of the Third Way”.
International Journal of Cultural Policy, 10(1): 119-131. 322
31