TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
12/31/04
255 S. Champlain Street, Burlington, VT 05401-4717
(888) 921-5990 (toll-free) (802) 658-1643 (fax)
Technical Reference User Manual (TRM)
No. 2004-31
Measure Savings Algorithms and Cost Assumptions
Through Portfolio 31
Previous TRM User Manual Versions Sent to VT Department of Public Service:
TRM Number
Updated Through
Portfolio No.
No. 4-16
No. 2004-25
No. 2004-31
16
25
31
All Measures
Effective
as of:
12/31/02
12/31/03
12/31/04
Please send questions and comments to:
Toben Galvin
Efficiency Vermont
255 S. Champlain Street
Burlington, VT 05401
(802) 658-6060 x1110
tgalvin@veic.org
Date Sent to DPS
1/13/03
1/1/04
1/18/05
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Table of Contents
(This page is formatted so a reader can click on the page number and link to the associated page)
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
GROSS-TO-NET SAVINGS CALCULATION ........................................................................................ 6
INTERACTIVE EFFECTS ......................................................................................................................... 7
PERSISTENCE ............................................................................................................................................ 7
GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................................. 8
LOADSHAPES ............................................................................................................................................. 9
COMMERCIAL ENERGY OPPORTUNITIES ......................................................................................14
MOTORS END USE ......................................................................................................................................14
Efficient Motors .....................................................................................................................................14
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) ........................................................................................................20
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental Remediation Projects .......................................25
Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors .......................................................................................28
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms .............................................................................32
HVAC END USE ........................................................................................................................................35
Electric HVAC .......................................................................................................................................35
Dual Enthalpy Economizer ..................................................................................................................... 1
Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing ........................................................................................... 4
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................... 6
T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast ........................................................................................................ 6
CFL Fixture ...........................................................................................................................................10
Exterior HID..........................................................................................................................................13
LED Exit Sign ........................................................................................................................................15
Lighting Controls...................................................................................................................................17
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals ...........................................................................................................21
HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide ................................................................................24
CFL Screw-in ........................................................................................................................................27
Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with Electronic Ballast........................................30
Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast ...............................................................32
Metal Halide Track................................................................................................................................34
“High Performance” or “Super” T8 Lamp/Ballast Systems.................................................................38
T5 Fluorescent High-Bay Fixtures ........................................................................................................43
Lighting Power Density .........................................................................................................................47
TRANSFORMER END USE ............................................................................................................................58
Energy Star Transformers .....................................................................................................................58
REFRIGERATION END USE ..........................................................................................................................61
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines ..................................................................................61
Refrigerated Case Covers ......................................................................................................................63
Refrigeration Economizer......................................................................................................................65
Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators .....................................................................................................68
Commercial Reach-In Freezer ..............................................................................................................71
Commercial Ice-makers ........................................................................................................................74
Evaporator Fan Motor Controls ...........................................................................................................78
Permanent Split Capacitor Motor .........................................................................................................80
Zero-Energy Doors ................................................................................................................................82
Door Heater Controls............................................................................................................................84
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Discus and Scroll Compressors .............................................................................................................86
Floating Head Pressure Control ...........................................................................................................89
COMPRESSED AIR END USE........................................................................................................................92
Compressed Air – Non-Controls ...........................................................................................................92
Compressed Air – Controls ...................................................................................................................94
SNOW MAKING END USE ...........................................................................................................................96
Snow Making .........................................................................................................................................96
MONITOR POWER MANAGEMENT...............................................................................................................98
EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software ....................................................................................98
MULTIPLE END USES................................................................................................................................102
Multiple Point Control Systems ...........................................................................................................102
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................104
Demand-Controlled Ventilation ..........................................................................................................104
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................106
Efficient Hot Water Heater ..................................................................................................................106
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................109
Efficient Space Heating Equipment .....................................................................................................109
Envelope ..............................................................................................................................................112
LOW INCOME MULTIFAMILY PROGRAM (REEP) .......................................................................117
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................117
CFL......................................................................................................................................................117
Lighting ...............................................................................................................................................119
CFL Lighting Package Reinstall .........................................................................................................124
CLOTHES WASHING END USE ..................................................................................................................127
Clothes Dryer ......................................................................................................................................127
ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer .....................................................................................129
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................132
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................132
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines ................................................................................134
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................136
Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................136
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................138
Heating System ....................................................................................................................................138
Thermal Shell Upgrades ......................................................................................................................139
AIR CONDITIONING END USE ...................................................................................................................141
Energy Star Air Conditioner................................................................................................................141
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................143
Water Conservation .............................................................................................................................143
Domestic Hot Water System ................................................................................................................145
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................145
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................148
WATER CONSERVATION END USE............................................................................................................150
Toilet Diverter .....................................................................................................................................150
EFFICIENT PRODUCTS PROGRAM ..................................................................................................152
CLOTHES WASHING END USE ..................................................................................................................152
ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer ..........................................................................................................152
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................155
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................155
ENERGY STAR Freezer ......................................................................................................................157
DISHWASHING END USE ...........................................................................................................................159
Energy Star Dish Washer ....................................................................................................................159
AIR CONDITIONING END USE ...................................................................................................................161
Energy Star Room Air Conditioner .....................................................................................................161
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................164
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
CFL......................................................................................................................................................164
Torchiere .............................................................................................................................................168
Dedicated CF Table Lamps .................................................................................................................172
Dedicated CF Floor Lamp ..................................................................................................................176
Interior Fluorescent Fixture ................................................................................................................180
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture ...............................................................................................................184
CEILING FAN END USE .............................................................................................................................187
Ceiling Fan with ENERGY STAR Light Fixture ..................................................................................187
LOW INCOME SINGLE-FAMILY PROGRAM ..................................................................................190
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................190
Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................190
Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................192
Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................194
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................196
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................198
HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ......................................................200
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................200
Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................202
Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) .........................................................205
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ......................................................207
WATERBED END USE ...............................................................................................................................209
Waterbed Insulating Pad .....................................................................................................................209
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................211
CFL......................................................................................................................................................211
Fluorescent Fixture .............................................................................................................................213
Torchiere .............................................................................................................................................215
CFL by Mail ........................................................................................................................................217
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................220
Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................220
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................222
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................222
RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM ........................................................................224
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................224
Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................224
Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................226
Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................228
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................230
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................232
REFRIGERATION END USE ........................................................................................................................234
Energy Star Refrigerators ...................................................................................................................234
Efficient Refrigerators .........................................................................................................................236
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................238
Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture ...................................................................................................238
Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture ................................................................................................240
Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture ......................................................................................................242
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture ...............................................................................................................244
Exterior HID Fixture ...........................................................................................................................246
Exterior Motion Sensor .......................................................................................................................248
LED Exit Sign ......................................................................................................................................250
Interior CFL Direct Install ..................................................................................................................252
Exterior CFL Direct Install .................................................................................................................254
Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture ...........................................................................................256
VENTILATION END USE ............................................................................................................................258
Ventilation Fan ....................................................................................................................................258
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................260
Heating Savings ...................................................................................................................................260
SPACE COOLING END USE ........................................................................................................................262
Central Air Conditioner ......................................................................................................................262
WATER HEATING END USE ......................................................................................................................264
Fossil Fuel Water Heater ....................................................................................................................264
DISHWASHING END USE ...........................................................................................................................266
Energy Star Dishwasher ......................................................................................................................266
RESIDENTIAL EMERGING MARKETS PROGRAM .......................................................................268
HOT WATER END USE ..............................................................................................................................268
Tank Wrap ...........................................................................................................................................268
Pipe Wrap ............................................................................................................................................270
Tank Temperature Turn-Down ............................................................................................................272
Low Flow Showerhead ........................................................................................................................274
Low Flow Faucet Aerator....................................................................................................................276
HOT WATER END USE (WITH ELECTRIC HOT WATER FUEL SWITCH) ......................................................278
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................278
Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ..............................................................................280
Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) .........................................................282
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch) ......................................................284
LIGHTING END USE ..................................................................................................................................286
CFL......................................................................................................................................................286
SPACE HEATING END USE ........................................................................................................................288
Efficient Furnace Fan Motor ...............................................................................................................288
SPACE COOLING END USE ........................................................................................................................291
ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner ............................................................................................291
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Gross-to-Net Savings Calculation
The algorithms shown with each measure calculate gross customer electric savings without counting the
effects of line losses from the generator to the customer, freeridership, spillover, or persistence. The
algorithms also do not distribute the savings among the different costing periods. The formulae for
converting gross customer-level savings to net generation-level savings (counting freeridership, spillover
and persistence) for the different costing periods is as follows:
netkWhi = kWh  (1+LLFi)  (1-FR+SPL)  PF  RPFi
netkWj = kW  (1+LLFj)  (1-FR+SPL)  PF  CFj
Where:
netkWhi = kWh energy savings at generation-level, net of free riders and persistence, and
including spillover, for period i
i
= subscript used to denote variable energy rating periods (Winter Peak, Winter Off-Peak,
Summer Peak, Summer Off-Peak).
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
LLFi
= line loss factor for period i
FR
= freeridership
SPL
= spillover for measure
PF
= persistence factor for measure
RPFi
= rating period factor for period i
netkWj = kW demand savings, net of free riders and persistence, and including spillover, for
season j
j
= subscript used to denote variable seasonal peaks (Summer, Winter and Spring/Fall).
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
LLFj
= line loss factor for seasonal peak j
CFj
= the percent of kW savings that is concurrent with Vermont’s seasonal peak, for season j
All of the parameters except line loss factors (LLF) for the above equations may be found in the specific
section for the measure. The line loss factors do not vary by measure, but by costing period, and are in the
following table:
Line Loss Factors
Energy (LLFi)
Winter
Peak
Period
19.88%
Winter Off- Summer
Peak
Peak
Period
Period
14.88%
17.97%
Peak (LLFj)
Summer
Off-Peak
Period
13.51%
Winter
Peak
Summer
Peak
Spring/Fall
Peak
14.2%
13.3%
12.8%
The free ridership and spillover factors are related to but slightly different from the freeridership and
spillover rates used in the gross-to-net equation. Free ridership and spillover factors are defined as follows:
Free ridership factor = 1 – FR
Spillover factor = 1 + SPL
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Interactive Effects
The TRM provides specific savings algorithms for many prescriptive measures. When a customer installs a
prescriptive measure, the savings are determined according to these algorithms. In some cases these
algorithms include the effects of interactions with other measures or end uses (e.g., cooling and heating
effects from interior lighting waste heat). For “custom” measures, EVT performs site-specific customized
calculations. In this case, EVT takes into account interactions between measures (e.g., individual savings
from installation of window film and replacement of a chiller are not additive because the first measure
reduces the cooling load met by the second measure). EVT will calculate total savings for the package of
custom measures being installed, considering interactive effects, either as a single package or in rank order
of measures as described below. If a “custom” project includes both prescriptive and custom measures, the
prescriptive measures will be calculated in the normal manner. However, the prescriptive measures will be
assumed to be installed prior to determining the impacts for the custom measures. Custom interior lighting
measures will use the standard prescriptive algorithm to estimating waste heat impacts.
In most cases of multiple custom measures EVT models a single custom package including all measures
the customer will install. This modeling effectively accounts for all interactions between measures, and the
“package” is tracked in FastTrack as a single “measure.” In instances where modeling is not completed on
a package of measures, and where individual measures are separately listed in FastTrack with measurespecific savings EVT will use the following protocol (typically lighting only projects). To determine
custom measure savings EVT will calculate measure impacts in descending order of measure life (i.e.,
starting with the longest lived measure). The procedure is to calculate savings for the longest lived measure
first, then consider that measure’s impact on the next longest lived measure, and so on. This is because a
short-lived measure can reduce savings from a long-lived measure, but only for part of its life. Since
tracking system limitations require that annual measure savings remain constant for all years, this is the
only way to ensure proper lifetime savings and total resource benefits are captured. For example, fixing
compressed air leaks can reduce savings from installing a new compressor. However, leak repair only lasts
1 year. If the leak repair savings were calculated first the calculated lifetime savings and benefits from the
compressor would be unreasonably low because compressor savings would go back up starting in year 2.
Persistence
Persistence factors may be used to reduce lifetime measure savings in recognition that initial engineering
estimates of annual savings may not persist long term. This might be because a measure is removed or
breaks prior to the end of its normal engineering lifetime, because it is not properly maintained over its
lifetime, because it is overridden or goes out of calibration (controls only), or some other reason. Each
measure algorithm contains an entry for persistence factor. The default value if none is indicated is 1.00
(100%). A value lower than 1.00 will result in a downward adjustment of lifetime savings and total
resource benefits. For any measure with a persistence value less than 1.00, the normal measure life
(“Engineering Measure Life”) will be reduced to arrive at an “Adjusted Measure Life” for purposes of
measure screening, savings and TRB claims, and tracking. The “Adjusted Measure Life” used will be equal
to the product of the Engineering Measure Life and the persistence factor. Both the Engineering Measure
Life and the Adjusted Measure Life will be shown in each measure algorithm. All data in FastTrack and
CAT indicating “measure life” shall be equal to “Adjusted Measure Life.”
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Glossary
The following glossary provides definitions for necessary assumptions needed to calculate measure
savings.
Baseline Efficiency (base): The assumed standard efficiency of equipment, absent an Efficiency
Vermont program.
Coincidence Factor (CF): Coincidence factors represent the fraction of connected load expected to be
coincident with a particular system peak period, on a diversified basis. Coincidence factors are provided for
summer, winter and spring/fall peak periods.
Connected Load: The maximum wattage of the equipment, under normal operating conditions.
Freeridership (FR): The fraction of gross program savings that would have occurred despite the
program.
Full Load Hours (FLH): The equivalent hours that equipment would need to operate at its peak
capacity in order to consume its estimated annual kWh consumption (annual kWh/connected kW).
High Efficiency (effic): The efficiency of the energy-saving equipment installed as a result of an
efficiency program.
Lifetimes: The number of years (or hours) that the new high efficiency equipment is expected to
function. These are generally based on engineering lives, but sometimes adjusted based on expectations
about frequency of remodeling or demolition.
Line Loss Factor (LLF): The marginal electricity losses from the generator to the customer –
expressed as a percent of meter-level savings. The Energy Line Loss Factors vary by period. The Peak
Line Loss Factors reflect losses at the time of system peak, and are shown for three seasons of the year.
Line loss factors are the same for all measures. See the Gross-to-Net Calculation section for specific values.
Load Factor (LF): The fraction of full load (wattage) for which the equipment is typically run.
Operating Hours (HOURS): The annual hours that equipment is expected to operate.
Persistence (PF): The fraction of gross measure savings obtained over the measure life.
Rating Period Factor (RPF): Percentages for defined times of the year that describe when energy
savings will be realized for a specific measure.
Spillover (SPL): Savings attributable to the program, but generated by customers not directly
participating in the program. Expressed as a fraction of gross savings. All values can be changed as new
information becomes available.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Loadshapes
The following table includes a listing of measure end-uses and associated loadshapes. In some cases, the
loadshapes have been developed through negotiations between Efficiency Vermont and the Vermont
Department of Public Service. In other cases, these loadshapes are based on engineering judgment.
Loadshape Table of Contents
EndUse
Residential
Indoor
Lighting
Residential
Outdoor
Lighting
Residential
Outdoor HID
Residential
Refrigerator
Residential
Space heat
Residential
DHW fuel
switch
Residential
DHW
insulation
Residential
DHW
conserve
Residential
Clothes
Washer
Residential
Ventilation
Residential
A/C
Commercial
Indoor
Lighting
Commercial
Indoor
Lighting
Commercial
Outdoor
Lighting
Commercial
Refrigeration
Commercial
A/C
Commercial
A/C
#
Winteron kWh
1
28.7%
Winteroff
kWh
7.6%
Summer
-on kWh
Summer
-off kWh
36.0%
27.7%
Winter
kW
Summer
kW
Fall-Spring
kW
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
2
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3%
11.4%
5.5%
11.2%
3
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3%
29.8%
14.5%
29.4%
4
22.5%
10.8%
33.7%
33.0%
62.3%
60.0%
56.8%
5
45.5%
24.3%
16.7%
13.5%
26.9%
0.0%
9.8%
6
31.6%
6.2%
37.1%
25.1%
45.4%
29.0%
44.1%
7
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
8
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
9
34.2%
3.7%
42.0%
20.1%
7.3%
5.4%
6.1%
10
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
11
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
50.0%
0.0%
60.0%
0.0%
12
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
54.6%
56.2%
54.6%
12a
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
67.2%
72.0%
61.8%
13
19.9%
13.2%
30.3%
36.6%
35.0%
15.2%
35.0%
14
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
15
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
40.2%
36.0%
15.3%
15a
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
0.3%
80.0%
40.2%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Commercial
Ventilation
motor
Commercial
Space heat
Industrial
Indoor
Lighting
Industrial
Outdoor
Lighting
Industrial A/C
Industrial A/C
Industrial
Motor
Industrial
Space heat
Industrial
Process
Dairy Farm
Combined
End Uses
Flat (8760
hours)
HVAC Pump
(heating)
HVAC Pump
(cooling)
HVAC Pump
(unknown
use)
Traffic Signal
- Red Balls,
always
changing or
flashing
Traffic Signal
- Red Balls,
changing day,
off night
Traffic Signal
- Green Balls,
always
changing
Traffic Signal
- Green Balls,
changing day,
off night
Traffic Signal
- Red Arrows
Traffic Signal
- Green
Arrows
Traffic Signal
16
16.9%
7.6%
37.2%
38.3%
36.5%
47.5%
42.0%
17
44.3%
37.8%
6.9%
11.0%
37.2%
0.3%
19.3%
18
27.7%
5.4%
42.1%
24.8%
92.2%
94.9%
92.2%
19
19.9%
13.3%
30.2%
36.6%
35.0%
15.2%
35.0%
20
20a
21
0.3%
0.3%
29.2%
0.1%
0.1%
4.2%
51.8%
51.8%
58.3%
47.8%
47.8%
8.3%
40.2%
0.3%
65.7%
36.0%
80.0%
90.0%
15.3%
40.2%
65.7%
22
44.3%
37.8%
6.9%
11.0%
37.2%
0.3%
19.3%
23
29.2%
4.2%
58.3%
8.3%
65.7%
90.0%
65.7%
24
30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
23.6%
42.7%
22.3%
37.0%
25
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
26
38.1%
19.0%
20.4%
22.5%
100.0%
0.0%
79.7%
27
0.0%
0.0%
47.6%
52.4%
0.0%
100.0%
39.9%
28
19.0%
9.5%
34.0%
37.5%
50.0%
50.0%
59.8%
29
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
55.0%
55.0%
55.0%
30
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
55.0%
55.0%
55.0%
31
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
42.0%
42.0%
42.0%
32
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
42.0%
42.0%
42.0%
33
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
90.0%
90.0%
90.0%
34
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
10.0%
10.0%
10.0%
35
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
50.0%
50.0%
50.0%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
- Flashing
Yellows
Traffic Signal
- “Hand”
Don’t Walk
Signal
Traffic Signal
- “Man” Walk
Signal
Commercial
HP 0-65
kBTUh
Commercial
HP 0-65
kBTUh
Commercial
HP 65-375
kBTUh
Commercial
HP 65-375
kBTUh
Commercial
PTHP
Commercial
PTHP
Commercial
Water-Source
HP
Commercial
Water-Source
HP
Transformer
Vending
Miser
Compressed
Air - 1-shift
(8/5)
Compressed
Air - 2-shift
(16/5)
Compressed
Air - 3-shift
(24/5)
Compressed
Air - 4-shift
(24/7)
Storage ESH
(Statewide)
Controlled
ESH
(Statewide)
Storage ESH
(GMP)
Controlled
ESH (GMP)
36
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
75.0%
75.0%
75.0%
37
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
21.0%
21.0%
21.0%
38
31.2%
26.6%
20.2%
21.9%
37.5%
33.8%
33.5%
38a
31.2%
26.6%
20.2%
22%
37.5%
74.8%
56.7%
39
29.6%
25.2%
21.9%
23.3%
37.5%
36.3%
34.6%
39a
29.6%
25.2%
21.9%
23.3%
37.5%
80.3%
59.5%
40
29.5%
25.1%
22.0%
23.4%
37.5%
36.3%
34.6%
40a
29.5%
25.1%
22.0%
23.4%
37.5%
80.3%
59.5%
41
23.1%
19.7%
28.5%
28.7%
37.5%
36.3%
34.6%
41a
23.1%
19.7%
28.5%
28.7%
37.5%
80.3%
59.5%
42
43
28.0%
6.6%
5.0%
26.5%
42.0%
9.6%
25.0%
57.3%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
100.0%
0.0%
44
33.2%
0.0%
66.8%
0.0%
39.7%
66.7%
39.7%
45
31.1%
2.1%
62.6%
4.2%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
46
22.1%
11.1%
44.5%
22.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
47
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
48
15.9%
65.4%
2.5%
16.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
49
15.9%
65.4%
2.5%
16.2%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
50
42.9%
38.4%
7.0%
11.7%
4.3%
0.3%
0.2%
51
57.9%
23.4%
9.5%
9.2%
5.2%
0.2%
3.0%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Controlled
DHW Fuel
Switch
Controlled
DHW
Insulation
Controlled
DHW
Conservation
VFD Supply
fans <10 HP
VFD Return
fans <10 HP
VFD Exhaust
fans <10 HP
VFD Boiler
feedwater
pumps <10
HP
VFD Chilled
water pumps
<10 HP
Economizer
VFD Milk
Vacuum
Pump
Computer
Office
Commercial
Indoor
Lighting with
cooling bonus
Industrial
Indoor
Lighting with
cooling bonus
Continuous
C&I Indoor
Lighting with
cooling bonus
Refrigeration
Economizer
Strip Curtain
Evaporator
Fan Control
Door Heater
Control
Floating Head
Pressure
Control
Furnace Fan
Heating and
Cooling
52
31.6%
6.2%
37.1%
25.1%
33.2%
22.9%
30.9%
53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
73.0%
79.0%
70.0%
54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
55
23.5%
6.0%
47.5%
23.0%
100.0%
41.0%
71.0%
56
23.5%
6.0%
47.5%
23.0%
100.0%
66.0%
83.0%
57
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
100.0%
37.0%
69.0%
58
44.0%
38.0%
7.0%
11.0%
100.0%
67.0%
83.0%
59
0.2%
0.1%
52.0%
48.0%
0.0%
100.0%
50.0%
60
61
16.9%
25.4%
7.6%
7.6%
37.2%
36.8%
38.3%
30.2%
0.0%
33.3%
0.0%
24.4%
56.3%
49.0%
62
21.2%
11.9%
29.0%
37.9%
25.4%
23.5%
26.3%
63
24.9%
4.8%
43.1%
27.2%
48.0%
72.0%
44.1%
64
24.9%
4.8%
43.1%
27.2%
65.9%
94.9%
65.9%
65
19.7%
9.9%
34.1%
36.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
66
53.0%
28.4%
8.0%
10.6%
100.0%
0.0%
30.0%
67
68
19.7%
26.7%
9.5%
14.0%
35.9%
24.1%
34.9%
35.2%
100.0%
60.6%
100.0%
37.7%
100.0%
49.1%
69
35.7%
17.9%
22.1%
24.3%
100.0%
0.0%
88.9%
70
23.7%
12.0%
29.9%
34.4%
100.0%
0.0%
53.7%
71
36.7%
19.7%
23.1%
20.5%
25.6%
75.8%
9.3%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Notes: See Excel spreadsheet <Lighting loadshape with cooling bonus-102103.xls> for derivation of
loadshapes 63, 64, and 65. Heavier weighting is given to the summer periods and less to the other periods
to account for the cooling bonus that is included in the kWh and kW savings.
All loadshape numbers referenced in the measure characterizations correspond to the most recent
generation of the loadshape as detailed in the loadshape table of contents. The coincident peak factors in
the standard load profiles above are based on the listed assumptions for full load hours. To account for the
effect on peak savings from a change in full load hours, use of full load hours different than the standard
will result in an automatic adjustment of the coincident peak factors (% of connected load kW) used in
screening and reported in the database, unless custom coincident peak factors are also entered. The
coincidence factors are multiplied by the ratio of [custom full load hours]/[standard full load hours], with a
maximum value of 100% for each factor. As a result, coincidence factors for particular measures may be
higher or lower than the standard factors listed above even when a standard load profile is used.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Commercial Energy Opportunities
Motors End Use
Efficient Motors
Measure Number: I-A-1-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: none.
Description
Three phase ODP & TEFC motors less than or equal to 200 HP meeting a minimum qualifying efficiency.
The baseline efficiency is that defined by EPACT and the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient
Commercial Construction.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
1.54
Average number of measures per
year
195
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
300.3
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
kWl = HP  0.746  (1/l)  LF
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor (HP)
0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)
l
= efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline)
LF
= load factor of motor (default = 0.75)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum efficiency allowed under the Federal Energy Policy Act of 1992
(EPACT) that went into effect October 1997, which is the same as the Vermont 2001 Guidelines for Act
250. While EPACT generally reflects the floor of efficiencies available, most manufacturers produce
models just meeting EPACT, and these are the most commonly purchased among customers not choosing
high efficiency. Refer to the table of Baseline Motor Efficiencies in the reference table section.
High Efficiency
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
The efficiency of each motor installed more efficient than the baseline efficiency. Typically the minimum
efficiency is that defined by the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) and promoted in the NEEP
MotorUP initiative, and listed in the table of Minimum Efficiencies Qualifying for Incentives in the
reference table section.
Operating Hours
If available, customer provided annual operating hours. If annual operating hours are not available, then
refer to the table of Annual Motor Operating Hours in the reference table section for HVAC fan or pump
motors by building type. For all other motors, use 4500 hours (E Source Technology Atlas Series Volume
IV, Drivepower, p. 32).
Loadshapes
Loadshape #16, Commercial Ventilation motor
Loadshape #21, Industrial Motor
Loadshape #26, HVAC Pump (heating)
Loadshape #27, HVAC Pump (cooling)
Loadshape #28, HVAC Pump (unknown use)
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Motor
MTRDP001, MTRDP002, MTRDP003, MTRDP005,
MTRDP010, MTRDP015, MTRDP01H, MTRDP020,
MTRDP025, MTRDP030, MTRDP040, MTRDP050,
MTRDP060, MTRDP075, MTRDP07H, MTRDP100,
MTRDP125, MTRDP150, MTRDP200, MTRTF001,
MTRTF002, MTRTF003, MTRTF005, MTRTF010,
MTRTF015, MTRTF01H, MTRTF020, MTRTF025,
MTRTF030, MTRTF040, MTRTF050, MTRTF060,
MTRTF075, MTRTF07H, MTRTF100, MTRTF125,
MTRTF150, MTRTF200
Efficient Motor
Freerider
Spillover
1
1  0.95 = 0.95 *
0.90
0.70
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
0.90
0.70
0.90
0.70
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years for a premium-efficiency motor (Based on BPA measure life study II (Skumatz), which looked at
life of motors in place in commercial buildings). An existing or baseline motor is expected to last for 15
years. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will typically last longer
than a standard-efficiency motor.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
See the table of Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors in the reference table
section for assumed measure cost by horsepower and enclosure type.
Incentive Level
Though incentives originally were intended to cover 100% of incremental cost, recent NEEP data indicates
that the incentive covers significantly less – somewhere between 50% and 100%, depending on size. On
average the incentive is estimated at 2/3rd of the incremental cost. See the table of Incremental Costs and
Customer Incentives for Efficient Motors in the reference table section for default incentive levels by
horsepower and enclosure type.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Building Type
Office
Retail
Manufacturing
Hospitals
Elem/Sec Schools
Restaurant
Warehouse
Hotels/Motels
Grocery
Health
College/Univ
Miscellaneous
Annual Motor Operating Hours
(HOURS)
HVAC
HVAC
HVAC Pump
Pump
Pump
(unknown use)
(heating)
(cooling)
2,186
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,506
2,000
2,462
2,820
2,688
2,754
3,602
2,000
2,190
2,348
2,000
2,000
3,117
2,000
2,241
5,775
2,688
4,231
2,349
2,000
2,080
4,489
2,000
2,559
5,716
2,000
3,641
2,762
2,000
2,000
Ventilation
Fan
6,192
3,261
5,573
8,374
3,699
4,155
6,389
3,719
6,389
2,000
3,631
3,720
Source:
Adapted from Southeastern NY audit data, adjusted for climate variations. Motors must operate a
minimum of 2000 hours to qualify.
Size
HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
Incremental Costs and Customer Incentives
for Efficient Motors
Open Drip-Proof (ODP)
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled
(TEFC)
Incremental
Customer
Incremental Cost
Customer
Cost
Incentive
Incentive
$52
$45
$52
$50
$60
$45
$60
$50
$61
$54
$61
$60
$54
$54
$54
$60
$63
$54
$63
$60
$123
$81
$123
$90
$116
$90
$116
$100
$115
$104
$115
$115
$115
$113
$115
$125
$201
$117
$201
$130
$231
$135
$231
$150
$249
$162
$249
$180
$273
$198
$273
$220
$431
$234
$431
$260
$554
$270
$554
$300
$658
$360
$658
$400
$841
$540
$841
$600
$908
$630
$908
$700
$964
$630
$964
$700
Sources:
1) MotorUp! Program Evaluation and Market Assessment, Pages 2-8, Prepared for
NEEP Motors Initiative Working Group, Prepared by Xenergy, September 6, 2001
2) 2002 MotorUp! Three-Phase Electric Motor Incentive Application
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base (EPACT)
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Open Drip Proof (ODP)
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)
# of Poles
# of Poles
2
4
6
2
4
6
Speed (RPM)
Speed (RPM)
Size HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
1200
1800
3600
1200
1800
3600
80.0%
84.0%
85.5%
86.5%
87.5%
88.5%
90.2%
90.2%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
94.5%
82.5%
84.0%
84.0%
86.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
75.5%
82.5%
84.0%
84.0%
85.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.5%
80.0%
85.5%
86.5%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
90.2%
90.2%
91.7%
91.7%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
95.0%
95.0%
82.5%
84.0%
84.0%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
91.0%
91.0%
92.4%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
94.5%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
75.5%
82.5%
84.0%
85.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.5%
94.5%
95.0%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Minimum Efficiencies Qualifying for Incentives
NEMA Premiumtm
Open Drip Proof (ODP)
Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC)
# of Poles
# of Poles
2
4
6
2
4
6
Speed (RPM)
Speed (RPM)
Size HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
1200
1800
3600
1200
1800
3600
82.5%
86.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
91.7%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
95.4%
95.4%
85.5
86.5%
86.5%
89.5%
89.5%
91.0%
91.7%
93.0%
93.0%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
95.0%
95.0%
95.4%
95.4%
95.8%
95.8%
77.0
84.0%
85.5%
88.5%
86.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
91.0%
91.7%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
94.1%
95.0%
82.5%
87.5%
88.5%
89.5%
89.5%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
91.7%
93.0%
93.0%
94.1%
94.1%
94.5%
95.5%
95.0%
95.0%
95.8%
95.8%
85.5%
86.5%
86.5%
89.5%
89.8%
91.7%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
94.5%
95.0%
95.4%
95.4%
95.4%
95.8%
96.2%
77.0%
84.0%
85.5%
86.5%
88.5%
89.5%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.7%
91.7%
92.4%
93.0%
93.6%
93.6%
94.1%
95.0%
95.0%
95.4%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD)
Measure Number: I-A-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/29/00
Effective date: 12/01/01
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
All VFDs are treated as custom measures. Below are two sets of equations. The first are standardized
savings algorithms and assumptions for all VFDs applied to motors of 10 HP or less for the following
HVAC applications: supply fans, return fans, exhaust fans, chilled water pumps, and boiler feedwater
pumps (“Standardized Approach”). The savings for all VFDs applied to motors greater than 10 HP, or for
other applications, will be calculated on a site-specific basis, following the generalized engineering
equation provided below and standard engineering practice (“Customized Approach”). Metered data will
be used when available.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
5.51 Standard approach projects
45 Customized approach
projects
Average number of measures per
year
10 Standard approach projects
20 Customized approach
projects
Gross MWH savings per year
55 Standard approach projects
900 Customized approach
projects
Algorithms
For VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater
pumps.
Energy Savings
kWh = ESVG  HP  CXS
Demand Savings
kW = DSVG  HP  CXS
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings for the measure at either the summer or winter peak
HP
ESVG
DSVG
CXS
(whichever is greater)
= horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer application)
= energy savings factor, see Table below (kWh/HP)
= demand savings factor, see Table below (kW/HP)
= commissioning factor for standard approach applications. CXS = 1.10 when the project
undergoes commissioning services, 1.0 otherwise.
Generalized equation for custom engineering analyses for VFDs applied to motors >10 HP or any VFDs
not applied to HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler feedwater pumps.
When available, metered data will be used to calculate savings.
1
Based on typical 5 HP motor, average of supply, return and exhaust fan savings.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.746  HP/   [HOURSj  (1- LOADjx)  CXC
Demand Savings
kWs = 0.746  HP/  (1- PEAKLOADsx)  CXC
Where:
kWh
kWs
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings for the measure at the peak period for season s, were
s is either summer, winter or fall/spring.
= horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer
application)
0.746
= conversion from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)

= existing motor efficiency, use customer specific value if known, otherwise use
default value from reference table below
HOURSj
= number of hours per year the motor operates at a given motor loading j (Hrs.)
LOADj
= percentage motor loading j
X
= exponent applied to calculate percentage savings at given motor loading j. For
fan motors X = 2.5, for pump motors X = 2.2 (Sources: ACEEE, DPS and
SAIC)
PEAKLOADs = percentage motor loading at the peak period for season s, where s is either
summer, winter or fall/spring.
CXC
= commissioning factor for custom approach applications. CXS = 1. 0 when the
project undergoes commissioning services, 0.90 otherwise.
HP
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects no VFD installed. Savings are based on application of VFDs to a range of baseline
conditions including no control, inlet guide vanes, outlet guide vanes, and throttling valves.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.
Operating Hours
N/A for VFDs < 10 HP on HVAC supply, return and exhaust fans, chilled water pumps and boiler
feedwater pumps. Site-specific otherwise.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Motor
Application
Supply fans <10
HP
Return fans <10
HP
Exhaust fans <10
HP
Boiler feedwater
pumps <10 HP
Chilled water
pumps <10 HP
All other
applications
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter Winter Summer
Summer
Peak Off-Peak Peak
Off-Peak
Peak as % of calculated kW
savings (CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
23.5%
6%
47.5%
23%
100%1
41%
71%
23.5%
6%
47.5%
23%
100%1
66%
83%
22%
11%
32%
35%
100%1
37%
69%
44%
38%
7%
11%
100%
67%
83%
0.3%
0.1%
52%
48%
0.0%
100.0%1
50%
Site specific
Source: RPF based on custom analyses of past EVT projects. CF summer and winter from National Grid
evaluations of VFD installations from 1995 to 1999.
1. Gross kW/hp values in reference table below are coincident values for the winter peak for all applications
except chilled water pumps, which uses a coincident value for the summer peak. Therefore, CFs for these
periods are 100% because coincidence is already taken into account in the values. For other seasons, the
CFs represent the percentage of the gross coincident winter or summer kW/hp. Fall/Spring values are mean
of summer and winter values. Winter chilled water pumps set to 0% based on assumption that most chillers
are not operating in Vermont during the winter period.
Freeridership2
CEO: 5% existing buildings and non-Act 250 new construction; 0% Act 250
CIEM: 10%.
Spillover
N/A
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.3
Lifetimes
15 years for non-process VFDs. 10 years for process. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Incremental costs are variable. Each measure will be treated as a custom measure and screened based on
actual costs.
Incentive Level
Incentive levels are customized for each project, taking into account other measures installed, the measure
and total project payback, level of comprehensiveness, and customer investment criteria. On average
incentives are expected to range from 25% to 50% of installed cost.
2
CEO non-Act 250 freeridership based on standard value for custom measures. Act 250 freeridership is 0% because
Act 250 custom measure baselines are site-specific (e.g., EVT only claims savings when no VFD is planned). CIEM
freeridership based on standard value for custom measures.
3 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the
discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
VFD Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG and DSVG)
Application
ESVG (kWh/HP) DSVG (kW/HP)1
Supply Fans
1,001
0.173
Return Fans
1,524
0.263
Exhaust Fans
755
0.12
Chilled Water Pumps
1,746
0.188
Boiler Feedwater Pumps
745
0.098
Source: National Grid 2001 values averaged from previous evaluations of VFD
installations. Values are those used for existing construction, except for chilled
water pumps which is used for new construction. National Grid existing
construction baseline is similar to Vermont baseline for new and existing
applications.
1. The DSVG factors represent coincident savings for the winter peak, except for
the chilled water pumps value which represents coincident savings for the
summer peak.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Typical Existing Motor Efficiencies ()
HP
1
1.5
2
3
5
7.5
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
25
30
40
50
60
75
100
125
150
200
Stock Effic. (1999)
76.3%
77.4%
78.5%
80.6%
83.2%
85.3%
85.5%
85.9%
86.3%
86.5%
86.7%
86.8%
87.0%
87.2%
87.4%
87.6%
87.7%
87.9%
88.1%
88.9%
89.4%
89.7%
89.9%
90.4%
90.9%
90.9%
91.3%
91.7%
92.5%
Source: For motors greater than 40 HP, efficiency one
point less – due to rewind damage – than a standard
motor in 1990 (Table A-1 and Table A-2, pp. 264-265,
Appendix A, Energy Efficient Motor Systems, ACEEE)
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Environmental
Remediation Projects
Measure Number: I-A-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Motor End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
10/25/01
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: Performance curves for PD Blower and Regenerative Blower.
Description
This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on environmental remediation motors used
for cleaning up petroleum at contaminated sites. Motors are typically required to operate at near full load
during the first half of the project life, but then may be reduced to partial loading as the pollution level is
reduced. Participating VFDs will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment
replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Application Type
Soil Vapor
Extraction/Air Sparge4
Dual Phase5
Average Annual
MWH Savings per
unit
7.34
Average number of
measures per year
32.9
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
5
37
5
164
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = ESVG  HP
Demand Savings
kW = DSVG  HP
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer average kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor VFD is applied to (site specific, from customer
application)
= energy savings per horsepower from reference table (kWh/HP)
= demand savings per horsepower From reference table. (kW/HP)
ESVG
DSVG
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects no VFD installed.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.
4
5
Savings based on typical 3 HP motor application.
Savings based on typical 15 HP motor application.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Operating Hours
The motor operates continuously, but with a VFD is expected on average to operate at 100% loading for the
first 2 years and at 50% loading for the following 2 years, for each remediation project.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Motor
Application
Remediation
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
22.0% 11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Load profile for continuous operation.
Freeridership6
2%.
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.7
Lifetimes
12 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but VFDs will likely be
reused for multiple projects. Expected engineering life of 15 years reduced for expected downtime between
projects. Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “VFD Average Incremental Costs,” based on data
from National Grid 1999 and 2000 VFD program participants.
Incentive Level
Incentives are shown in reference table “VFD Incentive Levels.”
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Energy and Demand Savings Factors (ESVG & DSVG)
ESVG
Application Type
(kWh/HP)
Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge8
2,445
Dual Phase9
2,192
6
DSVG
(kW/HP)
0.28
0.25
Freeridership based on standard value for custom motor measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the
discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.
8 Soil Vapor Extraction/Air Sparge projects use regenerative blowers that have the characteristics of fans. Savings
calculated using a 2.5 exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for fan applications. These projects
typically use 2-5 HP motors. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 82.5, reflecting the baseline
value of a 3 HP motor.
7
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Average Incremental Costs
HP
Incremental Cost
2
$ 1,733
3
$ 1,733
5
$ 2,000
7.5
$ 4,564
10
$ 7,227
15
$ 4,989
20
$ 7,671
30
$ 3,600
Incentive Levels
HP
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
30
9
Incentives
$
600
$
600
$
600
$ 1,000
$ 1,500
$ 1,500
$ 2,000
$ 2,000
Dual Phase projects use vacuum pumps that have the characteristics of pumps. Savings calculated using a 2.2
exponent, consistent with the generalized VFD formula for pump applications. These savings have also been confirmed
with metered data and vacuum pump performance curves. These projects typically use 10-30 HP motors, with most 1020 HP. Savings calculated based on average motor efficiency of 87.5, reflecting the baseline value of a 15 HP motor.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Efficient Environmental Remediation Motors
Measure Number: I-A-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
10/25/01
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: MotorMaster+ 3.0 software and database
Description
High efficiency explosion proof motors used in the environmental remediation of sites contaminated with
petroleum. Participating motors will typically be for new projects, although retrofit and equipment
replacement situations would be eligible for incentives as well.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
1.23210
Average number of measures per
year
10
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
12.3
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
kWl = HP  0.746  (1/l)  LF
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline motor connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient motor connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year, 8760
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
HP
= horsepower of motor (HP)
0.746 = conversion factor from horsepower to kW (kW/HP)
l
= efficiency of motor l (efficient or baseline)
LF
= load factor of motor (default = 0.75)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects estimated typical efficiencies of explosion proof motors installed absent the program.
Explosion proof motors are not addressed by federal (EPACT ) or state standards. Baseline efficiencies are
based on a review of available motor models from MotorMaster software, and generally selected to
represent motors about 33 to 50% percentile in terms of the efficiency range. Refer to the Baseline Motor
Efficiencies table.
10
Assumes average sized motor is 7.5 HP, just meeting the minimum efficiency criteria of 89.5% efficiency.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
High Efficiency
The efficiency of each motor installed in the program will be obtained from the customer. Minimum
efficiencies are shown in the Reference Tables section in the table titled Minimum Motor Efficiencies for
Incentives.
Operating Hours
Continuous operation during years of remediation – 8760 hours per year.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Motor
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Application
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Remediation
22.0% 11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Load profile for continuous operation.
Freeridership
2%11
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years. Each remediation project is expected to last approximately 4 years, but motors will likely be
reused for multiple projects. Because of its lower operating temperature a premium-efficiency motor will
typically last longer than a standard-efficiency motor. Typical high efficiency motor engineering life is 20
years under normal operation. Because of the continuous operation, and the likelihood of downtime
between projects, EVT assumes only 10 years of actual operation.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Average incremental costs are shown in reference table “Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor,”
based on regression analysis of adjusted manufacturers’ list price data from MotorMaster+. Typical retail
cost assumed to be 65% of manufacturers’ list price, based on findings from 2001 NEEP motor market
assessment study.
Incentive Level
Incentives are shown in reference table “Motor Incentives.”
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
11
Freeridership for custom motor measures agreed to between DPS and EVT.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Baseline Motor Efficiencies – base
Size HP
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
80.0%
82.5%
80.0%
81.5%
82.5%
82.5%
84.0%
85.5%
84.0%
86.5%
86.5%
85.0%
87.5%
87.5%
86.5%
88.5%
87.5%
87.5%
89.5%
89.5%
88.5%
90.2%
91.0%
91.0%
91.0%
91.0%
91.0%
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Minimum Motor Efficiencies for Incentives
Size HP
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
86.5%
85.5%
84.0%
87.5%
87.5%
86.5%
88.5%
88.5%
87.5%
90.2%
89.5%
88.5%
91.0%
91.0%
89.5%
91.7%
92.4%
91.0%
91.7%
92.4%
91.7%
92.4%
93.6%
92.4%
92.4%
93.6%
93.0%
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Incremental Cost for High Efficiency Motor
Size HP
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
325
336
348
359
371
382
393
405
416
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
98
172
245
319
393
466
540
613
687
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
80
147
213
280
346
413
480
546
613
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Motor Incentives
Size HP
2
3
5
7.5
10
15
20
25
30
Explosion Proof Motors
Speed (RPM)
1200
1800
3600
$ 160
$
50
$
40
$ 160
$
85
$
70
$ 175
$ 120
$ 105
$ 175
$ 155
$ 140
$ 175
$ 190
$ 175
$ 200
$ 225
$ 205
$ 200
$ 260
$ 240
$ 200
$ 295
$ 270
$ 200
$ 330
$ 300
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) for Dairy Farms
Measure Number: I-A-5-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Motors End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 17
Effective date: Milk transfer VFD already effective and savings unchanged; Milk vacuum VFD 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls
Description
This measure is specific to variable frequency drives installed on milk transfer and milking parlor pump
motors. Participating VFDs will typically be for retrofit projects, although equipment replacement
situations would be eligible for incentives as well.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Milk Transfer VFD
Milk Vacuum VFD
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
8.0
7.3
Average number of measures per
year
7
22
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
56
160.6
Algorithms
Milk Transfer VFD
Demand Savings
kW = 2.99
Energy Savings
kWh = 8,024
Where:
kW
2.9912
kWh
802413
Milk Vacuum (VFD)
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= kW
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeff
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
Where:
kW
= gross customer kW savings for the measure
Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see
referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per
measure.
13 Ibid
12
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
kWbase
kWeff
kWh
HOURS
= baseline motor connected load kW calculated as
HP x 0.746 x 1/motor eff. x LF(see note 1 below)
= For tie or stanchion barn milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.60 x kWbase
For parlor milking systems kWeff is assumed to be 0.45 x kWbase (see note 2)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= duration of milking time exclusive of wash.
Notes:
1) LF (load factor) varies depending on vacuum pump type. Based on metering conducted by
Agricultural Energy Consultants load factor is 0.88 for rotary vane pumps and 0.92 for blower
pumps.
2) Savings multiplier for kWeff calculation is based on post installation metering and observation
conducted by Agricultural Energy Consultants. Note that the savings multipliers reflect typical
kW percentage reductions and may be adjusted on a case-by-case basis.
Baseline Efficiencies – Retrofit or Replacement
The baseline reflects no VFD installed.
A VFD is considered baseline for new construction.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is installation and use of a VFD.
Operating Hours
N/A for milk transfer VFD.
Operating hours are collected on a site-specific basis for the milk vacuum VFD algorithm.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Milk Transfer
Pump (#24)
Milk Vacuum
Pump (#61)
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
23.6%
42.7%
22.3%
37.0%
25.4%
7.6%
36.8%
30.2%
33.3%
24.4%
49.0%
Sources: Milk Transfer Pump load profile is the same as the “Dairy Farm Combined End Uses” from WEC (used in
DPS screening tool, loadshape #24).
Milk Vacuum Pump load profile is an aggregate for 30 VFDs installed during year one of the EVT dairy farm
program. Custom load shapes were developed for each installation based on actual run time.
Freeridership14
0% for retrofit and replacement.
Spillover15
0% retrofit and replacement.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.16
14
Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
Spillover rate from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
16 National Grid evaluated persistence in 1999 of VFDs installed in 1995 and estimated a factor of 97%. Given that the
discounted value of a 3% degradation in 5 years is minimal, no persistence reduction has been applied.
15
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
Milk transfer pump VFD: $223017
Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $2500
Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $4943
Incentive Level
Milk transfer pump VFD: $1250
Vacuum pump VFD ≤ 5 HP: $1250
Vacuum pump VFD > 5 HP: $2500
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
17
Occasionally there is a need for additional water storage that may add to the total cost of the milk transfer pump
VFD.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
HVAC End Use
Electric HVAC
Measure Number: I-B-1-g (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, HVAC End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 29
1/1/04
TBD
Referenced Documents: None.
Description
For existing buildings or non-Act 250 new construction, electric HVAC equipment exceeding baseline
efficiencies or minimums set by the Cool Choice initiative. For New Construction subject to Act 250
review, electric HVAC equipment exceeding the minimum efficiencies in 2001Vermont Guidelines for
Energy Efficient Commercial Construction, including controls and distribution systems.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
3.16
Average number of measures per
year
191
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
603.6
Algorithms
The savings for small split system and single package air conditioners and heat pumps (<65,000 BTUh),
excluding room air conditioners PTACs, PTHPs, water source heat pumps and ground source heat pumps,
should be calculated using SEER and HSPF efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = kBTU/hr  [(1/SEERbase - 1/SEERee)]  FLHs
kWhh = kBTU/hr  [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)]  FLHw
kWc = kBTU/hr  [(1.1/SEERbase - 1.1/SEERee)]
kWh = kBTU/hr  [(1/HSPFbase - 1/HSPFee)]
Where:
kWhc
= gross customer annual kWh cooling savings for the measure
kWhh
= gross customer annual kWh heating savings for the measure
kBTU/hr = the nominal rating of the capacity of the A/C or heat pump in kBTU/hr. 1 Ton = 12
kBTU/hr.
SEERbase = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the baseline cooling equipment (BTU/Wh)
SEERee = cooling seasonal energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient cooling equipment
(BTU/Wh)
FLHs
= cooling full load hours per year
HSPFbase = heating seasonal performance factor of the baseline heat pump equipment (BTU/Wh)
HSPFee = heating seasonal performance factor of the energy efficient heat pump equipment
(BTU/Wh)
FLHw
= heat pump heating full load hours per year
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
kWc
kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings from cooling for the measure
= gross customer connected load kW savings from heating for the measure
The savings for larger air conditioners and heat pumps (65,000 BTUh) and all PTAC’s, PTHP’s, room air
conditioners and water-source and ground-source heat pumps should be calculated using cooling EER
efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = kBTU/hrcool  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]  FLHs
kWhh = kBTU/hrheat  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]  FLHw
Demand Savings
kWc = kBTU/hrcool  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]
kWh = kBTU/hrheat  [(1/EERbase - 1/EERee)]
Where:
EERbase = energy efficiency ratio of the baseline equipment (BTUh/W)
EERee = energy efficiency ratio of the energy efficient equipment (BTUh/W)
If efficiencies are stated in kW/ton or COP use the following conversions:
EER = 12 / (kW/ton), EER = 3.413  COP
The rating conditions for the baseline and efficient equipment efficiencies must be equivalent.
The chillers should be calculated using cooling kW/ton efficiencies and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
kWhc = tons  [(IPLVbase - IPLVee)]  FLHs
Demand Savings
kWc = tons  [(PEbase - PEee)]
Where:
IPLVbase = Integrated part load value efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton)
IPLVee = Integrated part load value efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton)
PEbase = Peak efficiency of the baseline chiller (kW/ton)
PEee = Peak efficiency of the energy efficient chiller (kW/ton)
Savings for HVAC controls and distribution systems are calculated on a custom basis with baseline
technologies established in the Electric HVAC Baseline table. If EVT convinces a customer to switch
technologies, savings would be calculated based on going from a baseline efficiency of the technology the
customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was intending to install an air-cooled heat
pump and EVT convinced them to install a water source heat pump instead, savings would be based on
going from a baseline air cooled heat pump to the actual water source unit installed.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the HVAC Baseline tables in the reference tables section at the end of this characterization. The
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline efficiencies
for projects subject to Act 250 review.
High Efficiency
Measure efficiencies should be obtained from customer data. If the efficiencies are missing, but the
manufacturer and model # are available, then refer to the ARI directories. If HSPF is not available, then
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
estimate as 0.65  SEER. The minimum qualifying efficiencies for unitary equipment included in the Cool
Choice initiative are shown in a table in the reference tables section.
Operating Hours
Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours18, 2200 heating full load hours
for heat pumps less than 65,000 BTUh and using HSPF, 1600 heating full load hours for heat pumps
greater than or equal to 65,000 BTUh and using EER (electric resistance heating may be on for an
additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when calculated savings are
based on EER).
PTAC: 830 cooling full load hours, 1640 heat pump heating full load hours (electric resistance heating
would be on for an additional 600 hours, but those hours should not be included in the algorithms when
based on EER)
Water Source Heat Pumps: 2088 cooling full load hours, 2248 heat pump heating full load hours
Room AC: 800 cooling full load hours, 1600 heat pump heating full load hours
Chillers: Site-specific based on engineering estimates.
Loadshapes
Loadshape #15a, Commercial A/C
Loadshape #20a, Industrial A/C
Loadshape #17, Commercial Space heat
Loadshape #22, Industrial Space heat
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
HVAC
ACEACUNI, ACEHPAIR,
ACEHPWAT, ACECHILL,
ACEACPTL, ACEHPPTL,
ACEHPUMP
Measure Codes
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
18
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
Efficient HVAC equipment
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
1
1
0.90
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
HVAC
ACECA206, ACECA213,
ACECA237, ACECP206,
ACECP237, ACECW237
Cool Choice Tier 2 Air
Conditioning and Heat Pump
equipment
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.95
1.05
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
0.95
1.05
0.90
1.05
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
See work paper files (Bid Data Cooling Load summary.xls) and (Booth HVAC.xls) for documentation of the cooling
load operating hours.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Unitary – 15 years.
Chillers – 25 years
Room Air Conditioner – 10 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
See the table named “Incremental Cost for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC” in the reference tables section
for equipment included in the Cool Choice initiative. Incremental costs for other HVAC equipment are
determined on a site-specific basis.
Incentive Level
See the table named “Incentives for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC” in the reference tables section for
equipment included in the Cool Choice initiative. Incentives for other HVAC equipment are determined on
a site-specific basis.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Reference Tables located on following pages
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Unitary Air Conditioners and Condensing Units
Non-Act
Non-Act
Cool
250
Non-Act
250
Act 250
Choice
Baseline
250
Baseline Baseline Act 250 Act 250 Minimum
SEER / Baseline C.O.P. / SEER / Baseline Baseline SEER /
Type
Size
EER
IPLV
HSPF
EER
IPLV
C.O.P.
EER Notes
Air Cooled - Split System
< 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons)
10.5
10.0
13.0 1, 3, 4
Air Cooled - Single Package
< 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons)
10.0
9.7
13.0 1, 3, 4
Air Cooled
=> 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons)
8.9
10.3
11.0 1, 3
Air Cooled
=> 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons)
8.6
9.7
10.8 1, 3
Air Cooled
=> 240 and < 375 kBTU/h (20 to 31.25 tons)
8.6
9.5
9.7
10.0 1, 2, 3
Air Cooled
=> 375 and < 760 kBTU/h (31.25 to 63.33 tons) 8.6
9.5
9.7
1, 2, 3
Air Cooled
=> 760 kBTU/h (63.33 tons)
8.2
7.5
9.2
9.4
1, 2, 3
Evaporatively Cooled
< 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons)
9.3
8.5
12.1
1, 3
Evaporatively Cooled
=> 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons)
10.5
9.7
11.5
1, 3
Evaporatively Cooled
=> 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons)
9.6
9.0
11.0
1, 3
Evaporatively Cooled
=> 240 kBTU/h (20 tons)
9.6
9.0
11.0
10.3
1, 2, 3
Water Cooled
< 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons)
9.3
8.3
12.1
14.0 1, 3
Water Cooled
=> 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons)
10.5
11.5
14.0 1, 3
Water Cooled
=> 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons)
9.6
9.0
11.0
14.0 1, 3
Water Cooled
=> 240 kBTU/h (20 tons)
9.6
9.0
11.0
10.3
14.0 1, 3
Cond. Units - Air Cooled
=> 135 kBTU/h (11.25 tons)
9.9
11.0
10.1
11.2
2
Cond. Units - Water or Evap. Cooled => 135 kBTU/h (11.25 tons)
12.9
12.9
13.1
13.1
2
Notes
1. SEER/EER Ratings are efficiency at Peak Load. IPLV Ratings are efficiency at Part Load.
2. IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
3. Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.
4. Single Phase air-cooled ac < 65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER and HSPF Values. All other units use EER Rating.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Unitary and Applied Heat Pumps (Heating and Cooling)
Non-Act
Non-Act
Cool
250
Non-Act
250
Act 250
Act 250 Choice
Baseline
250
Baseline Baseline Act 250 Baseline Minimum
SEER / Baseline C.O.P. / SEER / Baseline C.O.P. / SEER /
Size
EER
IPLV
HSPF
EER
IPLV
HSPF
EER Notes
< 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons)
10.5
7.1
10.0
6.8
13.0 1, 4, 10
< 65 kBTU/h (5.42 tons)
10.0
6.8
9.7
6.6
13.0 1, 4, 10
=> 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons)
8.9
10.1
3.2
11.0 3, 10
=> 135 and < 240 kBTU/h (11.25 to 20 tons)
8.6
9.3
3.1
10.8 3, 10
=> 240 and < 375 kBTU/h (20 to 31.25 tons)
8.6
9.0
9.2
3.1
10.0 1, 2, 3, 10
=> 375 and < 760 kBTU/h (31.25 to 63.33 tons) 8.5
7.5
2.9
9.0
9.2
3.1
1, 2, 3, 10
=> 760 kBTU/h (63.33 tons)
8.2
7.5
2.9
9.0
9.2
3.1
1, 2, 3, 10
< 17 kBTU/h (1.42 tons)
9.3
8.5
11.2
4.2
14.0 3, 5, 7, 9
=> 17 and < 65 kBTU/h (1.42 to 5.42 tons)
11.5
8.5
12.0
4.2
14.0 3, 5, 7, 9
=> 65 and < 135 kBTU/h (5.42 to 11.25 tons)
11.5
9.7
12.0
4.2
14.0 3, 5, 7, 9
=> 135 and < 375 kBTU/h (11.25 to 31.25 tons) 11.5
12.0
4.2
14.0
=> 375 kBTU/h (20 tons)
11.5
12.0
4.2
< 135 kBTU/h (11.25 tons)
11.5
3.0
16.2
3.6
6, 8, 9
Type
Air Cooled - Split System
Air Cooled - Single Package
Air Cooled
Air Cooled
Air Cooled
Air Cooled
Air Cooled
Water Source
Water Source
Water Source
Water Source
Water Source
Ground-Water Source
Notes
1. SEER/EER Ratings are efficiency at Peak Load. IPLV Ratings are efficiency at Part Load.
2. IPLVs are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
3. Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.
4. Single Phase air-cooled heat pumps < 65,000 Btu/hr regulated by NAECA. Use NAECA SEER and HPSF rating. All other size units use EER and C.O.P. rating.
5. 86 degree F entering water temperature in cooling mode.
6. 59 degree F entering water temperature in cooling mode.
7. 68 degree F entering water temperature in heating mode.
8. 50 degree F entering water temperature in heating mode.
9. Use SEER/EER values for cooling mode. Use C.O.P. values for heating mode.
10 Air-Source heat pumps are rated at 47 degree F dry-bulb, and 43 degree F wet-bulb.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Water Chilling Packages
Type
Size
Air-Cooled Chiller, with Condenser
< 150 Tons
Air-Cooled Chiller, with Condenser
Air-Cooled Chiller, without
Condenser
Water Cooled Positive
Displacement
Water Cooled (Reciprocating)
Positive
Displacement (Rotary Screw and
Scroll) Cooled Positive
Water
Displacement (Rotary Screw and
Scroll) Cooled Positive
Water
Displacement (Rotary Screw and
Scroll)
=> 150 tons
Water Cooled (Centrifugal)
< 150 Tons
Water Cooled (Centrifugal)
=> 150 and < 300 Tons
All Capacities
All Capacities
< 150 Tons
=> 150 and < 300 Tons
=> 300 Tons
Water Cooled (Centrifugal)
=> 300 Tons
Notes
1. C.O.P. rating of chillers taken at peak load. IPLV rating taken at part load.
Non-Act
Non-Act
250
Act 250
Cool
250
Non-Act Baseline Act 250
Baseline Choice
Baseline
250
C.O.P. Baseline Act 250 C.O.P. Minimum
SEER / Baseline (Peak
SEER / Baseline (Peak
SEER /
EER
IPLV
Load)
EER
IPLV
Load)
EER Notes
-
2.7
2.7
-
2.8
2.8
-
1
-
2.5
2.5
-
2.8
2.8
-
1
-
3.1
3.1
-
3.1
3.1
-
1
-
3.9
3.8
-
4.7
4.2
-
1
-
3.9
3.8
-
4.5
4.5
-
1
-
4.5
4.2
-
5.0
4.9
-
1
-
5.3
5.2
-
5.6
5.5
-
1
-
3.9
3.8
-
5.0
5.0
-
1
-
4.5
4.2
-
5.6
5.6
-
1
-
5.3
5.2
-
6.1
6.1
-
1
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Room AC
Type
Size
Non-Act
Cool
Non-Act Non-Act
250
Act 250
Act 250 Choice
250
250
Baseline Baseline Act 250 Baseline Minimum
Baseline Baseline C.O.P. / SEER / Baseline C.O.P. / SEER /
EER
IPLV
HSPF
EER
IPLV
HSPF
EER Notes
Room Air Conditioners, with
< 6,000 Btu/hr
8.0
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, with
=> 6,000 Btu/hr and < 8,000 Btu/hr
8.5
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, with
=> 8,000 Btu/hr and < 14,000 Btu/hr
9.0
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, with
=> 14,000 Btu/hr and < 20,000 Btu/hr
8.8
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, with
=> 20,000 Btu/hr
8.2
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, without
< 6,000 Btu/hr
8.0
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, without
=> 6,000 Btu/hr and < 20,000 Btu/hr
8.5
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioners, without
=> 20,000 Btu/hr
8.2
louvered sides
Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps,
All Capacities
8.5
with louvered sides
Room Air Conditioner Heat Pumps,
All Capacities
8.0
without louvered sides.
Notes
1. Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.
8.0
-
-
-
1
8.5
-
-
-
1
9.0
-
-
-
1
8.8
-
-
-
1
8.2
-
-
-
1
8.0
-
-
-
1
8.5
-
-
-
1
8.2
-
-
-
1
8.5
-
-
-
1
8.0
-
-
-
1
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Package Terminal Air Condioners and Heat Pumps
Non-Act 250 Baseline EER / C.O.P.
10.0 - (0.16 x Cap / 1000) EER
10.0 - (0.16 x Cap / 1000) EER
2.9 - (0.026 x Cap / 1000) COP
Act 250 Baseline EER / C.O.P. (New Non-Act 250 Baseline EER / C.O.P.
Unit)
(Replacement)
12.5 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER
10.9 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER
12.3 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER
10.8 - (0.213 x Cap / 1000) EER
3.2 - (0.026 x Cap / 1000) COP
2.9 - (0.026 x Cap / 1000) COP
Notes
Type
PTAC (Cooling Mode)
1,2,3
PTHP (Cooling Mode)
1,2,3
PTHP (Heating Mode)
1,2,3
Notes
1. 95 degree F dry-bulb outdoor rating condition.
2. Deduct 0.2 from the required EERs and IPLVs for units with a heating section other than electric resistance heat.
3. Note that the calculation methodology for PTAC/PTHP efficiency is not linear for all capacities. For systems with capacity <= 7 kBtu/h, use
7 kBtu/h for calculations. For systems with capacity >= 14 kBtu/h, use 14 kBtu/h for calculations.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Cool Choice Minimum Efficiencies
Equipment Type
Air Cooled
Water-Source
Sub-Category or
Rating Condition
Size Category
Tier 2
Minimum
Efficiency
<65,000 Btu/h
Split System or
Single Package
13.0 SEER
>=65,000 Btu/h and
<135,000 Btu/h
Split System and
Single Package
11.0 EER
>=135,000 Btu/h to
<240,000 Btu/h
Split System and
Single Package
10.8 EER
>=240,000 Btu/h to
<=375,000 Btu/h
Split System and
Single Package
10.0 EER
<=375,000 Btu/h
85F Entering water
14.0 EER
Incremental Cost for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC
Unitary AC and Split System
Air to Air Heat Pump System
Water Source Heat Pumps
BTUh
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<=375,000
Tier 2
$/ton
$115
$91
$99
$115
$91
$99
$101
Incentives for High-Efficiency Unitary HVAC
BTUh
Unitary AC and Split System
Air to Air Heat Pump System
Water Source Heat Pumps
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<65,000
>=65,000 to <135,000
>=135,000 to <=375,000
<=375,000
Tier 2
$/ton
$92
$73
$79
$92
$73
$79
$81
Dual Enthalpy Economizer
Measure Number: I-B-2-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities, HVAC End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 31
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Economizer_013002.xls
Description
Dual enthalpy economizers regulate the amount of outside air introduced into the ventilation system based
on the relative temperature and humidity of the outside and return air. If the enthalpy (latent and sensible
heat) of the outside air is less than that of the return air when space cooling is required, then outside air is
allowed in to reduce or eliminate the cooling requirement of the air conditioning equipment.
This is a prescriptive measure included on the regional Cool Choice application form. Customers are
eligible for a Cool Choice incentive only with the purchase of an efficient HVAC unit that also qualifies for
an incentive. Custom incentives are available for other cost-effective dual enthalpy economizers for both
retrofit and replacement/new construction units.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
3.4 fixed damper baseline
2.5 dry bulb baseline
Average number of measures per
year
8
3
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
27.3
7.4
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = SF  Tons  OTF / EER
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 4,438
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
SF
= Savings Factor: annual kWh savings per ton of cooling equipment at an EER of 1.0.
Based on simulation modeling for Burlington, VT. For units less than 5.4 tons: SF =
4,576 (assumes fixed damper baseline). For units 5.4 tons or more: SF = 3,318
(assumes dry bulb economizer baseline).
= tonnage of cooling equipment from application form or customer information.
= Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 when the project undergoes Operational
Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 otherwise.
= cooling energy efficiency ratio of the equipment (BTUh/W), from application form or
customer information. (EER may be estimated as SEER/1.1).
= gross customer diversified connected load kW savings for the measure
= typical annual hours of economizer operation (Based on appropriate temperature range
bin hours at Burlington, VT)
Tons
OTF
EER
kW
4,438
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
For units less than 5.4 tons: fixed damper (no economizer).
For units 5.4 tons or more: dry bulb economizer.
High Efficiency
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Dual enthalpy economizer.
Operating Hours
4,438 typical annual hours of savings from dual enthalpy economizer (Based on appropriate temperature
range bin hours at Burlington, VT)
Loadshape
Loadshape #60, Economizer
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Air Conditioning
Efficiency
ACEMIZER
HVAC Economizer
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
0.95
1
0.90
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership table.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be 70% as agreed to between DPS and EVT.
.
Lifetime
Engineering Measure Life is 14 years.
Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be 0.7 * 14 years = 9.8 years, to adjust for
persistence.
Analysis period is the same as the Adjusted Measure Life..
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is:
$400 from dry bulb economizer baseline (units 5.4 tons or more),
$800 from fixed damper baseline (units less than 5.4 tons) 19
Incentive Level
$250 per dual enthalpy control prescriptive Cool Choice incentive.
19
$800 measure cost based on EVT project experience and conversations with suppliers.
2
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
3
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Comprehensive Track Proper HVAC Sizing
Measure Number: I-A-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
8/27/00
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: Neal, C. Leon, Field Adjusted SEER [SEERFA] Residential Buildings:
Technologies, Design and Performance Analysis, Proceedings of the 1998 American Council for an Energy
Efficiency Economy Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 1, 1998, ACEEE, pp. 1.2031.205.
Description
This algorithm applies to proper HVAC sizing performed by participants in the CEO Comprehensive
Track.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
1.0
Average number of measures per
year
6
Gross MWH savings per year
6
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.05  BTUh/EER/1,000  FLH
Demand Savings
N/A
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
BTUh
EER
= output capacity of the installed HVAC equipment (BTU/hour)
= efficiency of the installed HVAC equipment (energy efficiency ratio — BTU
output/watt input)
= annual full load hours of the HVAC equipment (hours). See Operating Hours below.
FLH
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline assumes average size cooling equipment specified is 25% larger capacity than actual cooling
loads.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency case is proper sizing of cooling equipment based on calculated cooling loads, as
required for participation in the CEO Comprehensive Track
Operating Hours
Split system and Single Package (rooftop units): 800 cooling full load hours. For chillers, FLH will be
estimated on a site-specific basis.
4
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
(RPF)
Motor
Winter Winter Summer
Summer
Application
Peak Off-Peak Peak
Off-Peak
Cooling (#15a
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
/#20a)
Peak as % of calculated kW
savings (CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
0.3%
80.0%
40.2%
Source: Vermont State Screening Tool (originally GMP Screening Tool)
Freeridership20
0%
Spillover
N/A
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Same as the lifetime for the HVAC equipment. 15 years for split systems and package units. 25 years for
chillers.
Measure Cost
There is an incremental savings associated with proper sizing. Savings are site specific, but because “costs”
are negative, the measure is always cost-effective and will not be individually screened.
Incentive Level
Incentive levels for CEO Comprehensive Track participants are based on compliance with all program
track requirements. Prescriptive incentives are provided for HVAC and lighting measures. There is no
additional incentive provided for proper sizing.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no standard operation and maintenance cost adjustments used for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
There are no reference tables for this measure.
20
The baseline of 25% oversizing represents average baseline. Therefore freeridership is 0%.
5
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lighting End Use
T8 Fixtures with Electronic Ballast
Measure Number: I-C-1-f (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 27
Effective date: 5/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
“Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
Description
T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. Includes standard T8 fixtures, high-efficiency fixtures and open nonrecessed fixtures with specular reflectors. Standard T8 measure is limited to relamp/reballast of existing
T12 fixtures.
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)  WHFd
Energy Savings
kWh
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE ) / 1000)  HOURS  WHFe
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
WHFd
kWh
HOURS
WHFe
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables section.
= Energy efficient connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables section.
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for
this measure is a cooled space. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in
loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd.
Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings.
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If
operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table
‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 21 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for
this measure is a cooled space.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
21
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
0.003413
from the reduction in lighting heat.
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
6
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
0.39
0.75
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 22
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for lighting baseline wattage and
savings. Baselines for T8 Relamp/Reballast assume T12 with EE lamp and EMag ballast. Baselines for
other measures assume standard T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts. Baseline usage for high-efficiency
fixtures based on system efficiency comparisons conducted by National Grid. Some baseline fixtures
require more lamps and/or fixtures compared to high-efficiency fixtures.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and
savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours
by building type located in the reference tables section of this document.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
22
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
7
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHCONVT
Relamp/Reballast
to T8
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
0.70
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.70
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHLHT08
High Efficiency
Fluorescent
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHLRT08
Open T8 w/ Spec.
Reflector
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
INCREMENTAL
INCENTIVE
COST ($)
Fixture
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast – over 4'
3 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
4 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired)
3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture
Open, non-recessed fixture w/ specular reflector
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
25
Lifetimes
T8 fixtures – 20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
8
$5
$5
$5
$5
$15
$15
$15
$15
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Fixture Technology
Prescriptive Fixtures
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- over 4'
3 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
4 T8 lamps w/ elec ballast -- up to 4'
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture
2 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture (tandem wired)
3 T8 lamp high-efficiency fixture
Open, non-recessed fixture w/ specular reflector
WattsEE
WattsBASE
Saved
Wattage
59
110
86
112
59
56
86
59
68
132
110
139
71
71
97
88
9
22
24
27
12
15
11
29
Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
9
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
CFL Fixture
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: I-C-2-e (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Lighting End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 23
1/1/04
TBD
Description
Compact fluorescent (CFL) hardwired fixture.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont23and 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 24
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
23
24
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
10
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled CFL Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then
assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
Freeridership
10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction.
Spillover
5%.
Incremental Cost
1-lamp CFL fixture -- $35
2-lamp CFL fixture -- $40
Dimming CFL fixture -- $55
Operation and Maintenance Savings
Because compact fluorescent lamps last much longer than incandescent bulbs, CLFs offer significant
operation and maintenance (O&M) savings over the life of the fixture for avoided incandescent lamps and
the labor to install them. The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings:
Incandescent bulb cost: $0.75 per bulb
Life of incandescent bulb: 1000 hours
Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hour)
CFL lamp cost: $3 per lamp
Life of CFL lamp: 12,000 hours with greater than 38 hrs per week usage; 9,000 hours with up to 38 hrs per
week usage.
CFL ballast replacement cost: $19 ($14 ballast, $5 labor)
Life of CFL ballast: 40,000 hours
Lifetime
CFL fixture – 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
CFL Fixture Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Efficient
Lighting
Technology
Interior
Lighting
Operating Hours by Building Wattage
Type
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
Building Type
Annual Hours (1)
Office Fluorescent Fixtures
3,435
Compact
Restaurant
CFL fixture -- 1 lamp < 20 W total
15 4,156 60
45
Retail
CFL fixture -- 1 lamp >= 20 W total
29 3,068 100
71
Grocery/Supermarket
CFL
fixture -- 2 lamp >= 20 W total
34 4,612 120
86
Warehouse
Dimming
CFL fixture < 20 W lamp
20 2,388 75
55
Elemen./Second.
School
Dimming
CFL fixture
>= 20 W lamp(2)
25 2,080 100
75
Collegewattages for each category based on review of most common wattage fixtures
5,010rebated in Efficiency
Typical
Health programs to date and assumptions used by NGrid for dimming CFL fixtures.
3,392
Vermont
Hospital
4,532
Hotel/Motel
2,697
Manufacturing
2,235
Other/Misc.
2,278
(3) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small
11 Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(4) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
12
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Exterior HID
Measure Number: I-C-3-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Exterior metal halide (MH) or high-pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures less
than or equal to 100 watts.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHF
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual exterior lighting hours of use per year
WHF
= Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the
value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled Exterior HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If the hours are not
available from the form then use default 3,338 hours of use 25.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Outdoor #13
25
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
19.9% 13.3%
30.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
36.6%
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
15.2%
35.0%
Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.
13
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership
Exterior HID – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
Exterior HID – 0%.
Incremental Cost
Metal Halide or High Pressure Sodium -- $30
Lifetimes
Exterior HID – 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Exterior HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
Exterior HID Fixtures (Assumes quartz halogen baseline)
Typical metal halide or high-pressure sodium <=100W
Reference Tables
14
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
90
200
110
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
LED Exit Sign
Measure Number: I-C-4-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave  WHFd
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling load
from the more efficient lighting)
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont26and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1+ 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #65 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 27
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
26
27
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
15
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year.
Loadshape
Loadshape #65, Continuous C&I Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and
cooling loadshape.
Freeridership
LED exit sign – 10% existing, 15% non-Act 250 new construction
Spillover
LED exit sign – 0%.
Incremental Cost
$25
Lifetimes
LED exit sign – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
LED Exit Sign Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
LED Exit Signs
New Exit Sign
16
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
kWsave
2
11
9
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lighting Controls
Measure Number: I-C-5-g (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Controls for lighting, including occupancy sensors and daylight dimming.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWconnected  HOURS  SVG  OTF  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = kWconnected  SVG  OTF  WHFd
Where:
kWh
HOURS
WHFe
SVG
OTF
kWconnected
kW
WHFd
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (includes the reduced cooling
load from the more efficient lighting)
= annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a
cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting
waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 28and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency. For
an uncooled space, the value is one.
= % of annual lighting energy saved by lighting control; determined on a site-specific
basis or refer to table by control type
= Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 for all occupancy sensors and for daylight
dimming controls when the project undergoes Operational Testing or commissioning
services, 0.80 for daylight dimming controls otherwise.
= kW lighting load connected to control. For multi-level and perimeter switching in
the Comprehensive Track the savings is applied to all interior lighting kW load.
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents
the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more
efficient lighting.
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a
cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling
system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring
coincident factors in loadshapes #63 and #64 have been decreased to offset the increase
in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added to the
summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
28
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
17
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
0.39
0.75
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 29
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
For projects that are not subject to Act 250 review, the baseline is a manual switch. Default assumptions –
for when specific information about the application is not known – are based on engineering judgement
about the typical frequency of different applications. While savings will generally be based on site-specific
calculations, the table provides default values based on average estimated efficiency gains for instances
where site-specific calculations are not available. The 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient
Commercial Construction serves as the baseline for lighting controls in Act 250 projects. See the excerpt
regarding lighting controls in the reference tables section of this characterization.
High Efficiency
Controlled lighting such as occupancy sensors and daylight dimming. For projects that are subject to Act
250 review, controls must exceed the lighting control requirements in the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for
Energy Efficient Commercial Construction.
Operating Hours
The lighting operating hours are collected from the prescriptive application form. If not available, then
assume hours per year from the table titled Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type.
Loadshape
Fluorescent Controls: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a
combined lighting and cooling loadshape.
HID Controls: Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting
and cooling loadshape.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
Lighting
Efficiency/Controls
LECOCCUP
Occupancy Sensors
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.98
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
30
1
1
0.98
1
0.9
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Lighting
Efficiency/Controls
LECDAYLT
Daylighting
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.98
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
31
1
1
0.98
1
0.9
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.
31 Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.
29
30
18
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
MF Mkt NC
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Incremental Cost
Wall Occupancy Sensor -- $55 per control
Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor -- $125 per control
Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast -- $65 per ballast controlled
Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID -- $200 per fixture (including some portion of the
control cost)
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Controls – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
Default Percent Savings by Lighting Controls (SVG)
% Savings (SVG)
30%
30%
50%
30%
10%
Lighting Control Type
Wall Occupancy Sensor
Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor
Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast
Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID
Multi-Level and Perimeter Switching32
Default Controlled Wattage for Lighting Controls
Default Controlled
Wattage
350 watts per control
587 watts per control
83 watts per ballast
455 watts per fixture
Lighting Control Type
Wall Occupancy Sensor
Remote-Mounted Occupancy Sensor
Daylight Controlled Dimming Ballast
Occupancy Controlled Hi-Low Switching for HID
Controlled wattage for wall and remote-mounted occupancy sensors based on NGrid experience. Hi-Low
controlled wattage 400 watt metal halide lamp based on NGrid typical experience. Daylight dimming watts per
ballast based on average of 2-lamp & 4-lamp T8 fixtures.
32
10% savings estimate applied to all interior lighting in the Comprehensive Track. Based on 50% of lighting turned
off 20% of the time as a result of multi-level and perimeter switching requirements in the Comprehensive Track.
Perimeter lighting is expected to be switched off more frequently, resulting in a higher percent savings, but this is offset
by other interior lighting such as hallways that will not benefit from multi-level switching.
19
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
2,235
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
Excerpt from 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
805.2 Lighting controls. Lighting systems shall be provided with controls as required in Sections 805.2.1,
805.2.2 and 805.2.3.
805.2.2 Additional controls. Each area that is required to have a manual control shall have additional controls
that meet the requirements of Sections 805.2.2.1, 805.2.2.2 or 805.2.2.3.
Exceptions:
1. Areas that have only one luminaire.
2. Areas that are controlled by an occupant-sensing device.
3. Corridors, storerooms, restrooms, or public lobbies.
805.2.2.1 Bi Level Switching. Each area less than 250 ft2 that is required to have a manual control shall also
allow the occupant to reduce the connected lighting load in a reasonably uniform illumination pattern by at least
50 percent.
Exceptions:
1. Areas that have only one luminaire.
2. Areas that are controlled by an occupant-sensing device.
3. Corridors, storerooms, restrooms, or public lobbies.
4. Guest rooms.
805.2.2.2 Automatic lighting shutoff. Spaces greater than 250 ft2 in buildings larger than 5,000 ft2 shall be
equipped with an automatic control device to shut off lighting in those spaces. This automatic control device
shall function on either:
1. A scheduled basis, using time-of-day, with an independent program schedule that controls the
interior lighting in areas that do not exceed 25,000 ft 2 and are not more than one floor, or
2.
An unscheduled basis by occupant intervention.
805.2.2.3 Guest rooms. Guest rooms in hotels, motels, boarding houses, or similar buildings shall have at least
one master switch at the main entry door that controls all permanently wired lighting fixtures and switched
receptacles, except those in the bathroom(s). Suites shall have a control meeting these requirements at the entry
to each room or at the primary entry to the suite.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals
Measure Number: I-C-6-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 9/15/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Traffic/Pedestrian Signal illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED) offered prescriptively. New
equipment or retrofit applications are eligible. Eligible lamps must meet the Energy Star Traffic Signal
Specification and the Institute for Transportation Engineers specification for traffic signals. State-owned
signals are not eligible.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS  WHF
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual traffic signal hours of use per year, see Operating Hours
WHF
= Waste heat factor to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For outdoors, the
value is one.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for lighting baseline efficiencies and savings.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage and savings.
Operating Hours
Red Balls, always changing or flashing – 55% of time, or 4818 hours 33
Red Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 3011 hours
Green Balls, always changing – 42% of time, or 3679 hours1
Green Balls, changing day, off night (typically changing 6 am - 9 pm, off 9 pm - 6 am) – 2300 hours
Red Arrows – 90% of time, or 7884 hours1
Flashing Yellows – 50% of time, or 4380 hours
“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal – 75% of time, or 6570 hours1
“Man” Walk Signal – 21% of time, or 1840 hours1
33
From A Market Transformation Opportunity Assessment for LED Traffic Signals, 1998, by American Council for an
Energy-Efficient Economy.
21
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Red Balls, always
changing or flashing
Red Balls, changing day,
off night
Green Balls, always
changing
Green Balls, changing
day, off night
Red Arrows
Flashing Yellows
“Hand” Don’t Walk
Signal
“Man” Walk Signal
Winter Winter Summer
Load
Peak
Profile # Peak Off-Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter Summer
Fall/Spring
29
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
55%
55%
55%
30
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
55%
55%
55%
31
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
42%
42%
42%
32
33.2%
0.0%
47.7%
19.1%
42%
42%
42%
33
35
22.1%
22.1%
11.1%
11.1%
31.8%
31.8%
35.0%
35.0%
90%
50%
90%
50%
90%
50%
36
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
75%
75%
75%
37
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
21%
21%
21%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
12” Red Ball - $140
12” Green Ball - $300
12” Yellow Ball - $180
8” Red Ball - $135
8” Green Ball - $240
12” Red Arrow - $110
“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal - $165
“Man” Walk Signal - $235
Source: Highway Tech (Primary Vermont distributor of traffic signals)
Operation and Maintenance Savings
Because LEDs last much longer than incandescent bulbs, LEDs offer operation and maintenance (O&M)
savings over the life of the lamps for avoided replacement lamps and the labor to install them. The
following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings:
Incandescent bulb cost: $3 per bulb
Labor cost to replace incandescent lamp: $60 per signal (state contractor)
Life of incandescent bulb: 8000 hours (manufacturers’ data)
Lifetimes
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signal – 100,000 hours (manufacturer’s estimate), capped at 10 years34. The life
in years is calculated by dividing 100,000 hrs by the annual operating hours for the particular signal type.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
34
It is expected that LED traffic signals will be common practice in 10 years.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
LED Traffic Signal Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
LED Traffic / Pedestrian Signals
12” Red Ball Signal
12” Green Ball Signal
12” Yellow Ball Signal
8” Red Ball Signal
8” Green Ball Signal
12” Red Arrow
“Hand” Don’t Walk Signal
“Man” Walk Signal
Source: Gelcore – primary manufacturer of traffic signals.
23
Efficient
Wattage
Baseline
Wattage
Saved
Wattage
Wsave
14
19
20
7
10
10
9
7
116
116
116
90
90
116
116
116
102
97
96
83
80
106
107
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
HID Fixture Upgrade – Pulse Start Metal Halide
Measure Number: I-C-7-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 27
Effective date: 5/1/04
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal
November 1993.
Description
Pulse-start metal halide (MH) high intensity discharge (HID).
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.32
Average number of measures per
year
171
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
54.7
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)  WHFd
Energy Savings
kWh
= (WattsBASE – WattsEE) / 1000  HOURS  WHFe
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
WHFd
kWh
HOURS
WHFe
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables Section.
= Energy efficient connected Watts from table located in Reference Tables Section.
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for
this measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If
operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table
‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 35 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The default for
this measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
35
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
0.003413
from the reduction in lighting heat.
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
0.39
0.75
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 36
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for lighting baseline
efficiencies and savings.
High Efficiency
Refer to the table titled Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Fixture Saved Wattage for efficient lighting wattage
and savings.
Operating Hours
Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by
building type located in the reference tables section of this document.
Loadshape
Loadshape #64, Industrial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHHDMHP
Pulse Start Metal-Halide
Freerider
Spillover
n/a
n/a
0.90
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.90
1.00
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $37.50
36
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
25
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Incentive Level
Incentive of $25 is offered per fixture.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Lighting Technology
WattsEE
Pulse start metal halide -- 200 W
Pulse start metal halide -- 320 W
WattsBASE
232
365
295
455
Saved
Wattage
63
90
Baseline is standard metal halide.
Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) O&R hours for Elemen./Second. School is 1,270, which is below the minimum hours for prescriptive lighting
measures. Therefore, the annual hours of operation is set at the minimum hours of 2,080.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
CFL Screw-in
Measure Number: I-C-8-c (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent light bulb is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent lamp. This is a
retrofit measure.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.0548  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0548  WHFd
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
0.0548 = average kilowattage reduction37
HOURS = average hours of use per year (see table below)
WHFe = Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ (0.29 / 2.5)). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling
factor for Vermont38and 2.5 typical cooling system efficiency.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure This number represents the
maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the more efficient
lighting.
WHFd = Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For indoors,
the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical cooling system efficiency. For
outdoors, the value is one. The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have
been decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings
are only added to the summer peak savings.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 39
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Operating Hours
3500 hours typical40
37
kW reduction used for commercial CFL in the Efficient Products Program.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
39 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
40 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
38
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Annual Operations and Maintenance Savings
Annual O&M Savings41
Commercial
$10.23
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a compact fluorescent lamp.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
Freeridership
10%.42
Spillover
5%43
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Cost
$13
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. Thus, CFLs rebated through this program are assumed to have
a life of 12,000 hours for commercial applications (assumed daily usage of 9.6 hours). That translates to
3.4 years for commercial applications.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
41
From VT State screening tool
Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
43 Based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
42
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Exterior Lighting
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
3,338
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) Manufacturing hours from DPS screening tool for industrial indoor lighting.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Dairy Farm Hard-Wired Vapor-Proof CFL Fixture with
Electronic Ballast
Measure Number: I-C-9-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls
Description
Hard wired vapor-proof CFL fixtures with electronic ballasts. These are intended for existing construction
only. However, it is recognized that some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without
EVT's knowledge.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH
Savings per fixture
0.085
Average number of
measures per year
469
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
39.9
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 84.7
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0316
Where:
kWh
169.444
kW
0.063245
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= kW
Waste Heat Adjustment
Assumed to be 0% as most dairy farm lighting applications are in unconditioned space.
Baseline Efficiencies
Incandescent fixtures of various wattages.
Operating Hours
267946 hours / year
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see
referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per
measure.
45 kW determined by kWh / Operating Hours
46 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool
(Loadshape #24).
44
30
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh (RPF)
Application
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
Dairy Farm
Combined #24 30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
23.6%
42.7%
22.3%
37.0%
Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape
#24).
Freeridership47
0% for retrofit
Spillover48
0% for retrofit
Persistence
Persistence is assumed to be 67% based on agreement between DPS and EVT..
Lifetimes
Engineering measure life: Hard wired CFL Fixtures – 15 years.
Measure life, adjusted for persistence: 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the adjusted lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $70.
Incentive Level
$35
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M savings is $8.79
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
Efficient Measures
Cost
Life
$5.67
4.47 years
N/A
17.9 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$3.67
N/A
Life
0.37 years
N/A
Note: Lamp and ballast costs include labor fees. Labor rate for lamp is $2.67 per lamp. Labor rate for
ballast is $5.00 per ballast.
47
48
Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
Spillover rate from TRM for CFL measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
31
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Dairy Farm Vapor Proof T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast
Measure Number: I-C-10-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls
Description
Vapor-proof T8 fixtures with electronic ballasts meeting National Electric Code Article 547-6 rating for
agricultural buildings. These are intended for existing construction only. However, it is recognized that
some prescriptive measures may be installed in new buildings without EVT's knowledge.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual
MWH Savings per
fixture
0.196
Average number of
measures per year
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
415
8.1
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 196
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0732
Where:
kWh
19649
kW
0.073250
= gross customer average annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= kW
Waste Heat Adjustment
Assumed to be 0% as most lighting applications are in unconditioned space
Baseline Efficiencies
Baseline represents a mix of T-12 and incandescent fixtures
Operating Hours
267951 hours / year
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Energy savings based on actual Efficiency Vermont Dairy Farm program data March 2000 – December 19, 2001 (see
referenced document: DF_SavingsCalcs_4_1_02.xls). Program data used to determine average energy savings per
measure.
50 kW determined by kWh / Operating Hours
51 Operating hours consistent with Dairy Farm Combined End-Use loadshape from Vermont State Screening Tool
(Loadshape #24).
49
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh (RPF)
Application
Dairy Farm
Combined #24
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
30.2%
6.3%
39.9%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
23.6%
Summer
42.7%
Fall/Spring
22.3%
37.0%
Source: Load profile for dairy farm operation from WEC (used in DPS screening tool, loadshape #24).
Freeridership52
0% for retrofit
Spillover
0% for retrofit
Persistence
Persistence is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
T8 fixtures – 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure varies based on lamp size.
4’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts:
8’ T-8 Lamp vapor proof fluorescent fixtures with electronic ballasts:
$70
$140
Incentive Level
$35 for 4’ fixtures
$70 for 8’ fixtures
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no O&M Cost Adjustments for this measure..
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
52
Freeridership from TRM for dairy farm retrofit measures, as agreed to between the DPS and EVT.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Metal Halide Track
Measure Number: I-C-11-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 26
Effective date: 5/1/04
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal
November 1993.
Description
A metal-halide track head produces equal or more light as compared to halogen track head(s), while using
fewer watts. Typically, a 39 watt PAR20 metal-halide track head using 58 watts can be used in place of (3)
50 watt halogen PAR20 track heads. Eligible Fixtures include New, Replacement, and Retrofit.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Measure Type
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
39 Watts MH
0.168
70 Watts MH
0.552
Average number of
measures per year
20
20
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
3.36
11.04
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)  WHFd
Energy Savings
kWh
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)  HOURS  WHFe
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
WHFd
=
=
=
=
kWh
HOURS
=
=
WHFe
=
gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section.
Energy efficient connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section.
Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient
lighting. For indoors, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based
on 2.5 COP cooling system efficiency. For an outdoor space, the value is one.
The Winter and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been
decreased to offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the
cooling savings are only added to the summer peak savings.
gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If
operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table
‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.
Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient
lighting. For an indoor space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5).
Based on 0.29 ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 53 and
2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system efficiency. For an outdoor space, the value
is one.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
53
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
34
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
0.003413
0.39
from the reduction in lighting heat.
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 54
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior Halogen track fixture
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an interior metal halide track fixture. Metal-Halide lamps must be < 75 watts with mean
ballast/lamp efficacy > 55 LPW and must be UL listed.
Operating Hours
Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by
building type located in the reference tables section of this document.
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
54
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
35
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
6014A250
Cust Equip Rpl
6013CUST
Farm NC
6014FARM
Farm Equip Rpl
6013FARM
Non Act 250 NC
6014NANC
Pres Equip Rpl
6013PRES
C&I Retro
6012CNIR
MF Mkt Retro
6012MFMR
Efficient Products
6032EPEP
LISF Retrofit
6034LISF
LIMF Retrofit
6017RETR
LIMF NC
6018LINC
LIMF Rehab
6018LIRH
RES Retrofit
6036RETR
RNC VESH
6038VESH
MF Mkt NC
6019MFNC
Lighting Efficiency
LFHHDMHT
MH Track Lighting
Freerider
Spillover
n/a
n/a
1
1.10
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
1
1.10
1
1.10
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The baseline cost for a 50 watt PAR20 halogen is $40 per head, or $120 for (3) heads
The baseline cost for a 75 watt PAR30 halogen is $60 per head, or $180 for (3) heads
The baseline cost for a 120 watt PAR38 halogen is $100 per head, or $200 for (2) heads
The cost for a 39 watt metal-halide track head is $ 275
The cost for a 70 watt metal-halide track head is $325
The cost for a 100 watt metal-halide track head is $375
The incremental cost for a 39 watt head is $155
The incremental cost for a 70 watt head is $145
The incremental cost for a 100 watt head is $175
Incentive Level
Incentive of $75 is offered per track head.
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings:
Halogen 50 and 75 watt bulb cost: $6.00 per bulb
Halogen 120 watt bulb cost: $7.00 per bulb
Life of 50 and 75 watt halogen bulb: 2,500 hours
Life of 120 watt halogen bulb: 3,000 hours
Labor cost to replace any kind of lamp: $2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hr)
Metal halide lamp cost: $60.00 per lamp
Life of 39 watt metal-halide lamp: 9,000 hours
Life of 70 watt metal-halide lamp: 10,000 hours
36
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Life of 100 watt metal-halide lamp: 12,000 hours
Metal halide ballast replacement cost: $90
Metal halide ballast labor cost: $22.50 (30 min. @ $45 per hour)
Life of metal halide ballast: 40,000 hours
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See algorithm in ‘Heating Increased Usage’
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Pulse Start Metal Halide HID Track Saved Wattage
Lighting Technology
WattsEE
39 watt track head
70 watt track head
100 watt track head
58
78
113
WattsBASE
150
225
240
Saved
Wattage
92
147
127
*Baseline is Halogen PAR Track Head. Typically, a 39 watt metal-halide will replace (3)
PAR20 50 watt halogen heads. A 70 watt metal-halide will replace (3) PAR30 75 watt
halogen heads. A 100 watt metal-halide will replace (2) PAR38 120 watt halogen heads.
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
(2)
(1) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(2) Manufacturing hours from DPS screening tool for industrial indoor lighting.
37
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
“High Performance” or “Super” T8 Lamp/Ballast Systems
Measure Number: I-C-12-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 30
Effective date: 1/1/05
End date:
TBD
Description
“High-Performance” or “Super” T8 lamp/ballast systems have higher lumens per watt than standard T8
systems. This results in lamp/ballast systems that produce equal or greater light than standard T8 systems,
while using fewer watts. Eligible fixtures include new, replacement, or retrofit.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
N/A
0.0504
Average number of
measures per year
0
300
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
0
15.1
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) / 1000)  WHFd
Energy Savings
kWh
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE ) / 1000)  HOURS  WHFe
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
WHFd
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section.
= Energy efficient connected kW from table located in Reference Tables section.
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For indoors, the value is 1.34 (calculated as (1 + 0.85 / 2.5)). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency and assuming 85% of lighting heat needs to be
mechanically cooled at time of summer peak. (From 1993 ASHRAE Journal:
Calculating Lighting and HVAC interactions which assumes that 80% of
lighting heat offsets heating requirements, and 90% of lighting heat needs to
be mechanically cooled.) For an outdoor space, the value is one. The Winter
and Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to
offset the increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling
savings are only added to the summer peak savings.
kWh
HOURS
WHFe
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If
operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table
‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
indoors, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE
Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 55 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling
system efficiency. For outdoors, the value is one.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF).
55
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
38
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.70  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
0.70
0.003413
0.39
0.75
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
= Typical aspect ratio factor. ASHRAE heating factor applies to perimeter zone
heat, therefore it must be adjusted to account for lighting in core zones. It is
assumed that 70% is the typical square footage of building within 15 feet of
exterior wall.
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 56
= Average Heating System Efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a standard T8 system with electronic ballast.
High Efficiency
The High-Efficiency or “Super T8” System is a T8 system that produces more than 90 lumens per watt and
meets the requirements listed below. Includes fixture retrofits and new fixtures.
32 Watt System using F32T8 lamps:
1.
2.
3.
Lamps shall have a Color Rendering Index => 82, lumen maintenance => 94%, and lamp life =>
24,000 hours (@ 40 percent of rated life, 3-hours per start) Lamp must have at least 3,100 initial
lumens.
Ballast must be a low power ballast. (Ballast factor < 0.80). When combined with a 32W Super
T8 lamp, this will result in equal light to a standard T8 system.
Lamp/ballast combination shall have an efficacy of equal to or greater than 90 lumens per watt:
Lamp/Ballast Efficacy = Initial Lamp Lumens x No. of Lamps x Ballast Factor
Ballast Input Watts
30 Watt System using F30T8 lamps:
4.
5.
6.
Lamps shall have a Color Rendering Index => 82, lumen maintenance => 94%, and lamp life =>
18,000 hours (@ 40 percent of rated life, 3-hours per start)
Ballast must be a normal power ballast. (Ballast factor is between 0.80 and 0.90). When
combined with a 30W Super T8 lamp, this will result in equal light to a standard T8 system.
Lamp/ballast combination shall have an efficacy of equal to or greater than 90 lumens per watt:
Lamp/Ballast Efficacy = Initial Lamp Lumens x No. of Lamps x Ballast Factor
Ballast Input Watts
28 Watt System using F28T8 lamps:
7.
8.
9.
Lamps shall have a Color Rendering Index => 82, lumen maintenance => 94%, and lamp life =>
24,000 hours (@ 40 percent of rated life, 3-hours per start)
Ballast must be a normal power ballast. (Ballast factor is between 0.80 and 0.90). When
combined with a 28W Super T8 lamp, this will result in equal light to a standard T8 system.
Lamp/ballast combination shall have an efficacy of equal to or greater than 90 lumens per watt:
Lamp/Ballast Efficacy = Initial Lamp Lumens x No. of Lamps x Ballast Factor
Ballast Input Watts
56
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
39
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Operating Hours
Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by
building type located in the reference tables section of this document..
Loadshape
Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting and cooling
loadshape.
40
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Lighting Efficiency
LFHLST08
High-Performance (Super) T8
Freerider
Spillover
n/a
n/a
1
1.15
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
1
1.15
1
1.15
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Baseline Ballast Cost:
Baseline Lamp Cost:
$15
$2.50
Super T8 Ballast Cost:
Super T8 Lamp Cost:
$32.50
$5.00
Incremental Costs are as follows:
1-Lamp
2-Lamp
3-Lamp
4-Lamp
$20.00
$22.50
$25.00
$27.50
Incentive Level
The incentive for a 32W Super T8 System is $20
The incentive for a 28W/30W Super T8 System is $15
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
The following assumptions are used to calculate the O&M savings:
Standard T8 Lamp Cost:
Standard T8 Lamp Life:
Standard T8 Labor Cost:
Standard T8 Ballast Cost:
Standard T8 Ballast Life:
$2.50
20,000 hrs
$2.67 per lamp (8 minutes at $20/hr)
$15
70,000 hrs
41
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Ballast Labor Cost:
$15.00 (20 min @ $45 per hour labor)
Super T8 Lamp Cost:
Super T8 Lamp Life:
Super T8 Labor Cost:
Super T8 Ballast Cost:
Super T8 Ballast Life:
Ballast Labor Cost:
$5.00
24,000 hrs
$2.67 per lamp
$32.50
70,000 hrs
$15.00 (20 min @ $45 per hour labor)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See algorithm in ‘Heating Increased Usage’
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
T8 Fixture with Electronic Ballast Saved Wattage
Fixture Technology
Prescriptive Fixtures
(1) 32W High-Performance T8 lamp w/ LP elec ballast – 4 foot
(2) 32W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ LP elec ballast – 4 foot
(3) 32W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ LP elec ballast – 4 foot
(4) 32W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ LP elec ballast – 4 foot
(1) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamp w/ elec. Ballast – 4 foot
(2) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ elec. Ballast – 4 foot
(3) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ elec. Ballast – 4 foot
(4) 28W/30W High-Performance T8 lamps w/ elec. ballast – 4 foot
Note: Listed Wattage for 28W/30W system is average of actual
wattage between 28W system and 30W system, respectively.
WattsEE
WattsBASE
Saved
Wattage
25
49
72
94
25
50
75
98
32
59
88
114
32
59
88
114
7
10
16
20
7
9
13
16
Reference Tables
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
3,500
2,278
(2)
(3) From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program, 1993.
(4) Manufacturing hours based on operating hours between one and two shift operation.
42
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
T5 Fluorescent High-Bay Fixtures
Measure Number: I-C-13-a (Commercial Energy Opportunties, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 26
Effective date: 5/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
A T5 high-bay fixture has a fixture efficiency of over 91%, while a metal-halide fixture has a fixture
efficiency of ~70%. By using a more efficient fixture, a space can be lit with fewer watts or fixtures.
Typically, a 4-lamp F54T5HO system using 240 watts will provide as much light on a target surface as a
standard 400 watt metal-halide fixture using 455 watts.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
N/A
0.7055
Average number of
measures per year
0
250
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
0
176.4
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)  WHFd
Energy Savings
kWh
= (WattsBASE – WattsEE) / 1000  HOURS  WHFe
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
WHFd
kWh
HOURS
WHFe
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW from table located in Reference Tables Section.
= Energy efficient connected kW from table located in Reference Tables Section.
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For heated only space, the value is one. The default for this
measure is a heated-only space, with no cooling.
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual lighting hours of use per year; collected from prescriptive application form. If
operating hours are not available, then the value will be selected from the table
‘Operating Hours by Building Type’ in the reference tables section of this document.
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29 ASHRAE
Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 57 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical cooling system
efficiency. For a heated only space, the value is one. The default for this measure is a
heated-only space, with no cooling.
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
57
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
43
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH = (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
0.003413
0.39
from the reduction in lighting heat.
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont58
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a standard metal-halide high-bay fixture.
High Efficiency
The efficient condition is a T5 High-Bay fixture that meets the following requirements.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Only complete new (3) or (4) lamp T5HO fixtures qualify. Other lamp combinations may be
eligible for a custom incentive.
The total fixture efficiency must be greater than 91%. This is calculated as the total lumens
leaving the fixture divided by the total number of lumens produced by the lamps.
All fixtures must have a reflector with a minimum 90% reflectivity.
Minimum ceiling height = 15 ft.
Exterior installations not eligible.
Operating Hours
Operating hours will be collected from the prescriptive application form or from the table of hours by
building type located in the reference tables section of this document..
Loadshape
Loadshape #18, Industrial Indoor Lighting.
58
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
44
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Lighting Efficiency
LFHHIBAY
T5 High-Bay Lighting
Freerider
Spillover
n/a
n/a
1
1.10
1
1.10
1
1.10
1
1
1
1.10
1
1.10
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The baseline fixture cost is $150.
The T5 High-Bay fixture cost is $300.
The incremental cost for this measure is $150.
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $50
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Baseline Metal-Halide Lamp Cost:
$21.00
Baseline 400W Lamp Life:
20,000 hrs
Baseline 250W Lamp Life:
10,000 hrs
Baseline Lamp Labor Cost:
$5.00 (15 min @ $20 per hour labor)
Baseline 250W Ballast Cost:
$87.75
Baseline 400W Ballast Cost:
$109.35
Baseline Ballast Life:
40,000 hrs
Baseline Ballast Labor Cost:
$22.50 (30 min * $45 per hour labor)
T5 High-Bay Lamp Cost:
T5 High-Bay Lamp Life:
T5 High-Bay Lamp Labor Cost:
T5 High-Bay Ballast Cost:
T5 High-Bay Ballast Life:
T5 High-Bay Ballast Labor Cost:
$12 per lamp
20,000 hrs
$6.67 (20 min @ $20 per hour labor)
$52.00
70,000 hrs
$22.50 (30 min * $45 per hour labor)
45
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See algorithm in ‘Heating Increased Usage’
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
T5 High-Bay Saved Wattage (kWsaved)
Fixture Technology
Prescriptive Fixtures
(3) lamp 4-foot T5HO in lieu of 250 watt metal-halide
(4) lamp 4-foot T5HO in lieu of 400 watt metal-halide
WattsBASE
WattsEE
Saved
Wattage
295
455
180
240
115
215
Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Other/Misc.
Annual Hours (1)
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
2,278
(2)
46
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lighting Power Density
Measure Number: I-C-14-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: None
Description
Efficient lighting with a reduced wattage compared to the baseline, other than controls. This methodology
is generally applied to commercial new construction and remodel or renovation of existing buildings,
including both facilities that are and are not subject to Act 250 review.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
17.1
Average number of measures per
year
200
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
3420
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWsave  HOURS  WHFe
Demand Savings
kW
= kWsave  WHFd
= (WSFbase – WSFeffic)  SF/1000
kWsave
Where:
kWh
kWsave
HOURS
WHFe
kW
WHFd
WSFbase
WSFeffic
SF
59
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
= annual lighting hours of use per year; refer to table by building type if site-specific
hours are not available.
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1+ 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont59and 2.5 typical cooling
system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one.
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure. This number represents
the maximum summer kW savings – including the reduced cooling load from the
more efficient lighting.
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For a
cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1/ 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and
Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the
increase in the kW due to the WHFd . Therefore, the cooling savings are only added
to the summer peak savings.
= the baseline lighting watts per square foot or linear foot. Refer to the tables listed
below under Baselines/Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction –
Lighting.
= the actual installed lighting watts per square foot or linear foot.
= Building or space square footage, or linear feet if usage expressed as watts per linear
foot.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
47
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75
Where:
MMBTUWH = gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
0.39
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 60
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Refer to the tables listed below under Baselines/Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
– Lighting.
High Efficiency
Based on actual installed watts per square foot. If not available then assumed equal to the 2001 Vermont
Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction.
Operating Hours
Lighting hours of operation determined on a site-specific basis. If site-specific data is not available then
use hours of use by building type for interior lighting. See the table titled Interior Lighting Operating
Hours by Building Type. If building type is not specified then use default 3,500 hours for interior lighting.
For exterior lighting use default 3,338 hours of use 61.
Loadshapes
Indoor Lighting: Loadshape #63, Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape.
Outdoor Lighting: Loadshape #13, Commercial Outdoor Lighting.
60
61
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993.
Based on 5 years of metering on 235 outdoor circuits in New Jersey.
48
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Lighting
LECACINT, LECACEXT
Efficient Lighting
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.98
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is:
Per square foot $1.25 per Watt/SF reduction.
Per lineal foot $0.50 per Watt/lin ft reduction.
Incentive Level
Default incentives for this measure are:
Per square foot $0.30 per Watt/SF reduction.
Per lineal foot $0.12 per Watt/lin ft reduction.
Incentives are adjustable on a custom basis.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See Heating Increased Usage above.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
49
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Baselines/Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction – Lighting
Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories
Lighting Power Density (w/ft2)
Building Area Method
Non-Act 250
Building Area Type
Baseline
(w/ft2)
Automotive Facility
1.5
Convention Center
2.1
Court House
1.8
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure
1.6
Dining: Cafeteria
1.8
Dining: Family
1.9
Dormitory
1.5
Exercise Center
Gymnasium
Hospital/Health Care
Hotel
Library
Manufacturing Facility
Motel
Motion Picture Theater
Multi-Family
Museum
Office
Parking Garage
Penitentiary
Performing Arts Theater
Police/Fire Station
Post Office
Religious Building
Retail
School/University
Sports Arena
Town Hall
Transportation
Warehouse
Workshop
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.6
0.3
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.6
2.2
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
Source for Non-Act 250
Baseline
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Banquet/Multipurpose
Classroom/Lecture Hall
Leisure Dining Bar
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Offices
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Retail
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
50
Act 250 Guideline and
Baseline
(w/ft2)
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.2
2.0
1.6
1.0
1.6
1.3
0.3
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.6
2.2
1.9
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.7
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
Space by Space Method - Building Specific Space Type
Building Type
Space Type
Athletic Facility Buildings
Gymnasium
Playing Area
Dressing/Locker
Exercise Area
Exercise Center
Exercise Area
Dressing/Locker
Civil Service Buildings
Courthouse
Courtroom
Confinement Cell
Judges Chambers
Police Station
Police Station Laboratory
Fire Station
Fire Station Engine Room
Sleeping Quarters
Post Office
Sorting Area
Convention Center Buildings
Convention Center
Exhibit Space
Educational Buildings
Library
Card File/Cataloging
Stacks
Reading Area
Hospital/Healthcare Buildings
Emergency
Recovery
Nurse Station
Exam/Treatment
Pharmacy
Patient Room
Operating Room
Nursery
Medical Supply
Physical Therapy
Radiology
Laundry - Washing
Industrial Buildings
Workshop
Workshop
Automotive Facility
Garage Service/Repair
Manufacturing
General Low Bay (<25’)
General High Bay (>25’)
Detailed
Equipment Room
Control Room
Non-Act 250
Baseline
(w/ft2)
Source for
Non-Act 250
Baseline
Act 250
Guideline and
Baseline
(w/ft2) *
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.9
0.8
1.1
1.1
0.8
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.1
2.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Sorting & Mailing
2.1
1.1
1.1
1.8
0.9
1.1
1.7
3.3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
3.3
1.4
1.9
1.8
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.4
1.9
1.8
2.8
2.6
2.0
1.6
2.3
1.2
7.6
1.9
3.0
1.9
2.0
0.7
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Nurse Station
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Patient Room
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Nursery
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Radiology
Vt 2001 Guidelines
2.8
2.6
1.8
1.6
2.3
1.2
7.6
1.0
3.0
1.9
0.4
0.7
2.5
1.4
2.1
3.0
6.2
0.8
1.5
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Control Room
2.5
1.4
2.1
3.0
6.2
0.8
0.5
Source for
Non-Act 250
Baseline
Act 250
Guideline and
Baseline
(w/ft2) *
* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.1.2
Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
Space by Space Method - Building Specific Space Type (continued)
Building Type
Non-Act 250
Baseline
(w/ft2)
Space Type
51
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lodging Buildings
Hotel
Motel
Dormitory
Museum Buildings
Museum
Office Buildings
Office
Guest Room
Guest Room
Living Quarters
2.5
2.5
1.9
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
2.5
2.5
1.9
General Exhibition
1.7
1.6
Restoration
3.6
Museum General
Exhibition
Inspection /
Restoration
Banking Activity Area
2.6
2.4
2.3
Banking Activity
Area
Laboratory
1.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.1
5.2
3.2
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
5.2
2.3
2.1
1.8
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
2.1
1.8
3.8
4.3
1.9
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
3.8
4.3
1.9
1.6
1.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.1
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.6
1.1
0.7
1.3
2.1
Concourse
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Ticket Counter
0.7
1.3
1.8
Laboratory
Penitentiary Buildings
Penitentiary
Confinement Cells
Religious Buildings
Worship – Pulpit, Choir
Fellowship Hall
Retail Buildings
Retail
General Sales Area
Mall Concourse
Sports Arena Building
Sports Arena
Ring Sports Arena
Court Sports Arena
Indoor Playing Field Area
Storage Buildings
Warehouse
Fine Material Storage
Medium/Bulky Material
Storage
Parking Garage
Parking Area – Pedestrian
Parking Area – Attendant only
Transportation Buildings
Transportation
Airport Concourse
Air/Train/Bus Baggage Area
Terminal – Ticket Counter
* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.1.2
52
Vt 2001 Guidelines
2.5
1.8
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
Space by Space Method - Common Activity Areas
Non-Act 250
Baseline
(w/ft2)
Source for
Non-Act 250
Baseline
Act 250
Guideline
and Baseline
(w/ft2) *
General
Hotel
Performing Arts
Motion Picture
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Theater Lobby
Theater Lobby
1.8
1.7
1.2
0.8
First 3 floors
Each additional floor
1.3
0.2
1.4
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.3
0.2
1.4
General/Cafeteria
Bar/lounge leisure dining
1.4
1.4
Family
Hotel
2.2
Motel
2.1
2.2
1.0
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Avg Bar/lounge &
leisure dining
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Avg Bar/lounge &
leisure dining
Avg Bar/lounge &
leisure dining
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Toilet & Washroom
General
Hospital/healthcare
Manufacturing
0.7
1.6
0.5
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
0.7
1.6
0.5
General
0.9
Vt 2001 Guidelines
0.9
General
Hospital/healthcare
Museum
1.1
2.9
1.4
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.1
2.9
1.4
General
Museum
0.3
1.4
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
0.3
1.4
General
1.3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
1.3
Building Type
Space Type
Lobby
Atrium (multi-story)
Lounge/recreation room
Dining Area
2.1
2.1
Food preparation
Restrooms
Corridor/transition
1.2
2.2
1.0
1.2
2.2
1.0
Stairs – active
Active storage
Inactive storage
Electrical/mechanical
* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.1.2
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baselines/Guidelines for ASHRAE 2001 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
Space by Space Method - Common Activity Areas (continued)
Non-Act 250
Baseline
(w/ft2)
Source for
Non-Act 250
Baseline
Act 250
Guideline and
Baseline
(w/ft2) *
1.7
Reading, Typing,
Filing Office 1
1.5
1.7
Reading, Typing,
Filing Avg Office 2
&3
1.3
Conference/meeting room
General
1.6
Conference/
Meeting Room
1.5
Classroom/lecture/training
General
1.8
Classroom/Lecture
Hall
Classroom/Lecture
Hall
1.6
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Conference Center
Multipurpose
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
0.5
1.6
Building Type
Space Type
Office – enclosed plan
General
Office – open plan
General
Penitentiary
1.8
Athletic facility
Civil service building
Convention center
0.5
1.6
Penitentiary building
Religious building
Sports arena
Performing arts theatre
Motion picture theatre
Transportation
1.9
3.2
0.5
1.8
1.3
1.0
1.4
Audience/seating area
2.1
* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.1.2
54
1.6
1.9
3.2
0.5
1.8
1.3
1.0
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baselines/Guidelines for IECC 2000 Categories
Lighting Power Densities (w/ft2)
(See Table below for Sources)
Entire Building
Auditorium
Bank/financial institution
Classroom/lecture
Convention, conference, meeting center
Corridor, restroom, support area
Dining
Exercise center
Exhibition hall
Grocery store
Gymnasium playing surface
Hotel function
Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling ht
Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling ht
Kitchen
Library
Lobby, hotel
Lobby, other
Mall, arcade, atrium
Medical and clinical care
Museum
Office
Religious worship
Restaurant
Retail sales, wholesale showroom
School
Storage, industrial and commercial
Theaters, motion picture
Theater, performance
Other
Non-Act 250 Baseline
(See Table below for Sources)
Tenant Area or
Entire Building
Portion
NA
1.6
NA
2.6
NA
1.8
NA
1.6
NA
0.8
NA
2.2
1.4
1.1
NA
3.3
1.9
2.1
NA
1.9
NA
2.4
NA
2.1
NA
3.0
NA
2.2
1.5
1.8
NA
1.9
NA
1.8
NA
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.2
3.2
1.9
2.2
2.7
2.1
1.5
NA
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.8
0.6
1.0
55
Act 250 Guideline and Baseline
From IECC 2000 Table 805.4.2
Tenant Area or
Entire Building
Portion
NA
1.6
NA
2.0
NA
1.6
NA
1.5
NA
0.8
NA
1.4
1.4
1.1
NA
3.3
1.9
2.1
NA
1.9
NA
2.4
NA
2.1
NA
3.0
NA
2.2
1.5
1.8
NA
1.9
NA
1.0
NA
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.5
2.2
3.2
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.5
NA
0.6
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.4
1.5
0.6
1.0
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Non-Act 250 Baseline for IECC 2000 Categories
Source for Lighting Power Density
Entire Building
Source for Baseline
Auditorium
Bank/financial institution
Classroom/lecture
Convention, conference, meeting center
Corridor, restroom, support area
Dining
Exercise center
Exhibition hall
Grocery store
Gymnasium playing surface
Hotel function
Industrial work, < 20’ ceiling ht
Industrial work, > 20’ ceiling ht
Kitchen
Library
Lobby, hotel
Lobby, other
Medical and clinical care
Museum
Office
Religious worship
Restaurant
Theater, performance
Banking Activity Area
Classroom/Lecture Hall
Conference/Meeting Room
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999
for Corridor, General)
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999
for Dining Area, Family)
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999
for Lobby, General).
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRE 1999
for Retail Buildings, Mall Concourse)
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Museum General Exhibition
Reading, Typing, Filing Avg Office 2 &3
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 Dining,
Family)
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999
Dining, Family)
Retail
Vt 2001 Guidelines
NA
Offices
Retail sales, wholesale showroom
School
Storage, industrial and commercial
Theaters, motion picture
NA
NA
NA
NA
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Mall, arcade, atrium
Tenant Area or
Portion of Building
Source for Baseline
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for
Warehouse)
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999,
Storage Buildings, Warehouse, Fine
Material and Medium/Bulky Material
Storage)
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for
Motion Picture Theater)
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999,
Theater Buildings, Performing Arts,
Audience/Seating Area)
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999 for
Performing Arts Theater)
Vt 2001 Guidelines (From ASHRAE 1999
for Performing Arts Theater)
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Vt 2001 Guidelines
Other
56
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baselines/Guidelines for Exterior Lighting
Application
Building entrance with canopy or free
standing canopy
Building entrance without canopy
Building exit
Building facades
Act 250 Guideline and
Baseline *
Non-Act 250 Baseline
4 W/ft2 of canopied area
3 W/ft2 of canopied area
33 W/lin ft of door width
25 W/lin ft of door width
0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated
façade area
33 W/lin ft of door width
20 W/lin ft of door width
0.25 W/ft2 of illuminated
façade area
* Act 250 Guidelines from ASHRAE 90.1-2001, Table 9.3.2
Interior Lighting Operating Hours by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Restaurant
Retail
Grocery/Supermarket
Warehouse
Elemen./Second. School
College
Health
Hospital
Hotel/Motel
Manufacturing
Annual Hours
3,435
4,156
3,068
4,612
2,388
2,080
5,010
3,392
4,532
2,697
5,913
Source: From Impact Evaluation of Orange & Rockland’s Small Commercial Lighting Program,
1993.
57
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Transformer End Use
Energy Star Transformers
Measure Number: I-D-1-d (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Transformer End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 31
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Code: ZZZTRANS
Description
Low-voltage, 3-phase, dry-type transformers where the primary voltage is 480/277 Volt, and the secondary
voltage is 208/120V. Utility-owned transformers are not eligible. All transformers must include an
ENERGY STAR® label (TP-1).
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW = kWcore losses + kWwinding losses
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWcore losses + kWwinding losses)  8760
Where:
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
kWcore losses
= Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations
kWwinding losses = Refer to the table Transformer Savings Calculations
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
8760
= hours per year
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline transformers are 150 degree C rise units. Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings
Calculations for baseline transformer wattage.
High Efficiency
EPA EnergyStar® labeled transformers (TP-1). Refer to the table titled ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum
Transformer Efficiencies.
Operating Hours
8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year
Loadshape
Loadshape #42, Transformer
58
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Other
ZZZTRANS
Transformer, efficient
Freerider
Spillover
1*0.95=0.95
1
0.98
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1
1
0.99
1
0.89
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Refer to the table titled Transformer Savings Calculations for efficient transformer incremental costs.
Incentive Level
See Transformer Savings Calculations table below.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetimes
Lifetime = 30 years
59
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Transformer Savings Calculations
Transformer
Size (KVA)
15.0
30.0
45.0
75.0
112.5
150.0
225.0
300.0
Baseline
Core
Loss
(Watts)
236
292
359
548
832
925
1321
1398
Baseline
Winding
Loss (Watts)
12
26
35
52
57
84
104
133
Energy Star
Core Loss
(Watts)
90
141
180
288
377
435
662
850
Energy Star
Winding
Loss (Watts)
13
23
36
46
61
81
98
99
Demand
Savings
(Watts)
145
154
181
266
451
493
665
583
Incremental
Cost
$495
$548
$756
$856
$960
$1,313
$2,377
$3,000
500.0
2000
157
1055
159
942
$4,250
Notes:
1. Tabulated Values for 15 to 225 KVA sizes developed for the NYSERDA Transformer Comparison Calculator
(CD Version) by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of Waltham, MA. Prepared for the New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority, May 2001.
2. Tabulated Values for 300 to 500 KVA sizes taken from a study developed by The Cadmus Group, Inc. of
Waltham, MA. Prepared for the Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships, Inc. December 17, 1999.
3. Baseline values refer to 150 degree C rise units.
4.
5.
6.
In the 1999 NEEP study, Cadmus metered 89 dry type transformers at 43 facilities and measured an
average load on the transformers of 15.9% of the nameplate capacity, with 95% confidence that the
transformers will be between 13 and 18% loaded. Winding losses are evaluated at a transformer load
of 16%.
For 15 to 225 KVA, only dry type transformers that meet NEMA TP 1-1996 are eligible for an
incentive (equivalent to the EPA EnergyStar® Guidelines).
Prescriptive incentives are not offered for transformers over 300 KVA. Custom incentives may be
available.
ENERGY STAR®/TP-1 Minimum Transformer Efficiencies
Transformer Size
(KVA)
15.0
30.0
45.0
75.0
112.5
150.0
>=225.0
Notes:
1.
2.
ENERGY STAR®/TP-1
Minimum Efficiency
97.0%
97.5%
97.7%
98.0%
98.2%
98.3%
98.5%
Efficiencies are measured at 75 degree C and at 35% of nameplate load.
Efficiencies must be reported using linear loads.
60
Incentive
Level
$250
$275
$400
$450
$500
$700
$1,200
See note 6
See note
6
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Refrigeration End Use
Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines
Measure Number: I-E-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy
sensor, during times of inactivity the VendingMiser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the
compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The VendingMiser is applicable for conditioned indoor
installations.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 1,635
Where:
kWh
1,635
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000
3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech.
46%
= Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser.
Demand Savings
N/A
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Baseline Efficiencies
The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh).
Operating Hours
8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Vending Miser
#43
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
6.6%
26.5%
9.6%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
57.3%
0%
0%
0%
Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages
calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>).
Freeridership
0%
61
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is 66.6%.
Installed Cost
$16062
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Engineering measure life is 15 years.
Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years.
62
Price quoted from manufacturer.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Refrigerated Case Covers
Measure Number: I-E-2-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
By covering refrigerated cases the heat gain due to the spilling of refrigerated air and convective mixing
with room air is reduced at the case opening. Strip curtains can be deployed continuously and allow the
customer to reach through the curtain to select the product. Strip curtains are not used for low temperature,
multi-deck applications. Glass door retrofits are a better choice for these applications. Strip curtains are
also not used for coffin-type applications.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Strip Curtains
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
2.9
Average number of
measures per year
5
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
14.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ( HG  EF  CL) / (EER  1000)
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  Usage  365
Where:
kW
HG
EF
CL
EER
1000
kWh
Usage
365
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Loss of cold air or heat gain for refrigerated cases with no cover (Btu/hr-ft
opening).. The heat gain for multi-deck applications is 760 for medium
temperature applications (case temperature 10°F to 40°F) and 610 for high
temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to 65°F).63
= Efficiency Factor: Fraction of heat gain prevented by case cover. The
Efficiency Factor for strip curtains is 0.65. 64
= Refrigerated case length in feet (ft). Case length is the open length of the
refrigerated box. If the unit is two sided use the open length of both sides.
Collected from prescriptive form.
= Compressor efficiency (Btu/hr-watt). The average compressor efficiency
(EER) is 11.95 for medium temperature applications (case temperature 10°F
to 40°F) and 18.5 for high temperature applications (case temperature 45°F to
65°F). 65
= Conversion from watts to kW (W/kW).
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Average hours per day that case cover is in place (hrs/day). Assume 24
hrs/day for strip curtains.
= (days/yr)
63
Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92.
Source: Analysis for PG&E by ENCON Mechanical & Nuclear Engineering, 8/24/92.
65 Average EER values were calculated as the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies,
using a typical condensing temperature of 90°F and saturated suction temperatures (SST) of 20°F for medium
temperature applications and 45°F for high temperature applications.
64
63
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a refrigerated case without a cover.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigerated case with a strip curtain.
Operating Hours
Assume that case covers are in place 24 hrs/day for strip.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Strip Curtain
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
(#67)
Source: Strip curtain uses the same energy distribution as the previously-developed commercial
refrigeration loadshape in Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool. Coincident factors for strip
curtains are set at 100% since the calculated kW savings is an average for every hour.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Strip curtains: 4 years
Measure Cost
Typically installation costs are approximately $15/ft of case.
Incentive Level
40% of installation costs or $6/ft of case.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Strip curtains require regular cleaning -- $8.60/yr/ft (1 minute/foot every two weeks at $20/hr).
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
64
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Refrigeration Economizer
Measure Number: I-E-6-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Economizer Calc.xls>,
Description
Economizers save energy in walk-in coolers by bringing in outside air when it is sufficiently cool, rather
than operating the compressor.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Economizers
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
6
Average number of
measures per year
10
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
60
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / Hours
= [HP  kWhCond] + [((kWEvap  nFans) – kWCirc)  Hours  FC  DCComp  BF] –
[kWEcon  DCEcon  Hours]
Where:
kW
kWh
HP
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Horsepower of Compressor
kWhCond
= Condensing unit savings, per hp. (value from savings table in Reference
Tables section of this measure write-up)
= Number of annual hours that economizer operates. 2,996 hrs based on 38° F
cooler setpoint, Burlington VT weather data, and 5 degree economizer
deadband.
= Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)66
= Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW) 67
= Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)68.
= Number of evaporator fans
= Fan control factor (FC = 1 with fan controls, and FC = 0 without fan controls).
= Duty cycle of the economizer fan on days that are cool enough for the
economizer to be working (Assume 63%)69.
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from running the evaporator fan less or
(1.3)70.
= Connected load kW of the economizer fan (Average 0.227 kW) 71.
Hours
DCComp
kWEvap
kWCirc
nFans
FC
DCEcon
BF
kWEcon
66
A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Travers (35%-65%),
Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment
with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall
duty factor.
67 Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts.
68 Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol.
69 Average of two manufacturer estimates of 50% and 75%.
70 Bonus factor (1+ 1/3.5) assumes COP of 3.5, based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor
efficiencies with a Saturated Suction Temperature of 20°F and a condensing temperature of 90°F.
65
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a walk-in refrigeration system without an economizer.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a walk-in refrigeration system with an outside air economizer.
Operating Hours
The economizer is expected to operate for 2,996 hours per year, based on 38° F Cooler Setpoint, Burlington
VT weather data, and a 5 degree economizer deadband. This will replace 1,498 hours of compressor run
time and, if fan controls are present, 1,498 hours of evaporator fan run time.
Loadshape
Refrigeration Economizer #66.
Source: The energy distribution and Fall/Spring coincident factor is derived from Burlington, Vermont
temperature bin data. See file <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>. Assume summer coincidence is 0%, since the
summer peak occurs during the hottest time of the year. Assume winter coincidence is 100%, because the
winter peak is driven by the coldest weather.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years
Measure Cost
The installation cost for an economizer is $2,558.72
Incentive Level
50% of installation costs or $1,250 per economizer.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
71
The 227 watts for an economizer is calculated from the average of three manufacturers: Freeaire (186 Watts),
Cooltrol (285 Watts), and Natural Cool (218 Watts).
72 Based on average of costs from Freeaire, Natural Cool, and Cooltrol economizer systems.
66
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Condensing Unit kWh Savings, per HP, from Economizer
Calculated Using 'Economizer Calc.xls'
kWh / HP
Hermetic/
SemiHermetic
Scroll
Discus
1,256
1,108
1,051
Assumptions:
1. 5 HP Compressor data used, based on average compressor size.
2. No floating head pressure controls installed.
3. Outdoor Compressor Installation
67
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Commercial Reach-In Refrigerators
Measure Number: I-E-3-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program
Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
Description
The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in refrigerator with solid
doors, typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in,
roll-in/through and pass-through commercial refrigerators. Beverage merchandisers – a special type of
reach-in refrigerator with glass doors – are not included in this characterization.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Reach-in
Refrigerator
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.8
Average number of
measures per year
15
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
12.0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / FLH
= value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up
(varies by size and efficiency tier)
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a reach-in refrigerator less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy
use in the savings table in the Reference Tables section.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency reach-in refrigerator can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY
STAR specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the
specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification.
Operating Hours
The refrigerator is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load
hours are 5858 hours.73
73
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
68
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years74
Measure Cost
Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the
incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial refrigerators is relatively small 75. For analysis purposes,
the incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a
two-door (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of
incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the
incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door
Incentive Level
Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of
the total equipment cost).76 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door
(33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or
$150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door.
O&M Cost Adjustments
No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient refrigerators.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
74
The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in refrigerator at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
75 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A
Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002
76 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers,
Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22.
69
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Savings for Reach-In Refrigerators meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications
Internal Volume
(cubic feet)
Annual Energy
Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base
Use of Average
Case
Base Case Model
ENERGY STAR
Tier 2
(kWh/year)
(Tier 1)
20 to 32 cf (one door)
2,102
563
1,179
33 to 60 cf (two door)
3,197
826
1,774
61 to 80 cf (three door)
4,292
1,088
2,370
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best
fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5%
below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold.
CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators
Tier
Description of Specification
Maximum Energy Use
(kWh/day)
0.10 V + 2.04
0.06 V + 1.22
1
ENERGY STAR
2
ENERGY STAR + 40%
Note: V= internal volume
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7.
70
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Commercial Reach-In Freezer
Measure Number: I-E-4-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program
Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
Description
The measure described here is a high-efficiency packaged commercial reach-in freezer with solid doors,
typically used by foodservice establishments. This includes one, two and three solid door reach-in, rollin/through and pass-through commercial freezers.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Reach-in Freezer
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.7
Average number of
measures per year
15
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
10.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / FLH
= value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up
(varies by number of doors and efficiency tier)
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a reach-in freezer less efficient than ENERGY STAR. See the average baseline energy use
in the savings table in the Reference Tables section.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency reach-in freezer can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those meeting the ENERGY STAR
specifications, or Tier 2 – those meeting ENERGY STAR plus 40% more efficient. Refer to the
specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification.
Operating Hours
The freezer is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load
hours are 5858 hours.77
77
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
71
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years78
Measure Cost
Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the
incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial freezers is relatively small 79. For analysis purposes, the
incremental cost for Tier 1 (EnergyStar) is assumed to be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a twodoor (33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). These costs are consistent with the range of
incremental costs identified by ACEEE. The incremental costs for Tier 2 are estimated to be twice the
incremental costs for Tier 1, or $150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door.
Incentive Level
Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are identical to the incentives suggested by ACEEE (5% of
the total equipment cost).80 For Tier 1, this would be $75 for a one-door (20 to 32 cf), $100 for a two-door
(33 to 60 cf), and $125 for a three-door (61 to 80 cf). Incentives for Tier 2 will be twice those for Tier 1, or
$150 for a one-door, $200 for a two-door, and $250 for a three-door.
O&M Cost Adjustments
No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient freezers.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
78
The following report estimates life of a commercial reach-in freezer at 8-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
79 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A
Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002
80 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers,
Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p. 22.
72
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Savings for Reach-In Freezers meeting ENERGY STAR and CEE Tier 2 Specifications
Internal Volume
(cubic feet)
Annual Energy
Annual kWh Savings Relative to Base
Use of Average
Case
Base Case Model
ENERGY STAR
Tier 2
(kWh/year)
(Tier 1)
20 to 32 cf (one door)
4,319
511
1,654
33 to 60 cf (two door)
7,805
669
2,810
61 to 80 cf (three door)
11,292
827
3,966
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 10. Base case energy use from “best
fit” line from ACEEE analysis for CEC. Tier 1 and Tier 2 savings assume average qualifying model is 5%
below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold.
CEE Specification for Solid-Door Reach-in Refrigerators
Tier
Description of Specification
Maximum Energy Use
(kWh/day)
0.40 V + 1.38
0.28 V + 0.097
1
ENERGY STAR
2
ENERGY STAR + 30%
Note: V= internal volume
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.10, Table 7.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Commercial Ice-makers
Measure Number: I-E-5-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program
Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
Energy Savings Potential for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
<Icemakers.xls>
Description
A typical ice-maker consists of a case, insulation, refrigeration system, and a water supply system. They are
used in hospitals, hotels, food service, and food preservation. Energy-savings for ice-makers can be
obtained by using high-efficiency compressors and fan motors, thicker insulation, and other measures. CEE
has developed 2 efficiency thresholds – Tiers 1 and 2. Tier 2 units are not currently available, but more
efficient models have been developed that are expected to be on the market soon.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Ice-maker
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.3
Average number of
measures per year
15
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
4.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWh / FLH
= value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this measure write-up
(varies by type, capacity and efficiency tier)
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an ice-maker less efficient than CEE Tier 1. See the average baseline energy use in the
savings table in the Reference Tables section.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency ice-maker can fall into one of two tiers: Tier 1 – those approximately meeting the Federal
Energy Management Program (FEMP) specifications, or Tier 2 – those 20% more efficient than Tier 1.
Refer to the specification table in the Reference Tables section for the precise specification.
Operating Hours
The ice-maker is assumed to always be plugged in but because of compressor and fan cycling the full load
hours are 5858 hours.81
81
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years82
Measure Cost
Based on examination of list prices and price studies performed by others, ACEEE has determined that the
incremental cost for energy-efficient commercial ice-makers is relatively small83. For analysis purposes,
the incremental cost for Tier 1 is assumed to be $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day,
$45 for 200 to 400 lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater
than 600 lbs/day. These costs are consistent with the range of incremental costs identified by ACEEE.
Incentive Level
Incentives are equal to the incremental cost, and are similar to the incentives suggested by ACEEE. 84 For
Tier 1, the incentive is $30 for ice-makers with a capacity of less than 200 lbs/day, $45 for 200 to 400
lbs/day units, $60 for 401 to 600 lbs/day units, and $90 for units with a capacity greater than 600 lbs/day.
If equipment exceeding the Tier 2 specification becomes commercially available, it may still receive the
incentive for exceeding Tier 1, but to avoid customer confusion, separate higher incentives for Tier 2 will
not be offered until these units appear on the market.
O&M Cost Adjustments
No differences in O&M costs are apparent between the standard and efficient ice-makers.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
While there is a maximum water use threshold in the CEE criteria, it is primarily meant to ensure that
energy-efficiency is not gained at the expense of increasing water usage. The water threshold is met by
75% of the ice-makers currently on the market. 85 Therefore, no change in water consumption is assumed
for analysis purposes.
Reference Tables
82
The following report estimates life of a commercial ice-maker at 7-10 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
83 From examination of list prices by ACEEE and reported in Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A
Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002
84 From Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers,
Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002.
85 Ibid., p. 14.
75
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Savings for Ice-makers meeting CEE Tier 1 Specifications
Unit Type and Capacity
(lbs. of ice/24 hours)
Annual Energy Use of Annual Energy Use of
Average Annual kWh
Average Base Case
Average Tier 1 Model
Savings Relative to
Model (kWh/year)
(kWh/year)
Base Case for Tier 1
Air Cooled
<200
2,021
1,887
134
200 to 400
3,680
3,243
437
401 to 600
4,906
4,480
427
> 600
6,531
5,870
661
Water Cooled
<200
1,620
1,412
208
200 to 400
2,835
2,546
289
401 to 600
4,077
3,465
612
> 600
5,381
4,572
809
Base case energy use extrapolated from “best fit” line from ACEEE analysis (Packaged Commercial
Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and Implementers, Steven Nadel,
ACEEE, December 2002, p.16, Table 11). Analysis of Tier 1 models currently on the market indicates that
they are on average 6% below (more efficient than) the qualifying threshold. Tier 1 savings assume
average qualifying model is 4% better than the qualifying threshold (as a conservative estimate) and that
the average unit operates at 40% of capacity. Savings for Tier 2 are not included because at this time there
are no Tier 2 models on the market. See spreadsheet <Icemakers.xls> for actual calculation of average
savings.
CEE Specifications for Ice-Makers
Harvest Rate
(100 lbs of
ice/24 hrs)
Tier
Corresponding Base
Specification
Max. Daily Energy Use
(kWh/100 lbs of ice)
Max. Daily Water Use
(gallons/100 lbs of ice)
Ice-Making Heads (Water Cooled)
Approx. FEMP
7.80 – 0.0055H
200 – 0.022H
20% below Tier 1
6.24 – 0.0044H
200 – 0.022H
≥ 500 lbs/day
Approx. FEMP
5.58 – 0.0011H
200 – 0.022H
20% below Tier 1
4.46 – 0.0008H
200 – 0.022H
Ice-Making Heads (Air Cooled)
< 450 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
10.26 – 0.0086H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
8.21 – 0.0069H
Not Applicable
≥ 450 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
6.89 – 0.0011H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
5.51 – 0.0009H
Not Applicable
Remote-Condensing (Air Cooled)
< 1000 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
8.85 – 0.0038H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
7.08 – 0.0030H
Not Applicable
≥ 1000 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
5.10
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
4.08
Not Applicable
Self-Contained (Water Cooled)
< 200 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
11.40 – 0.0190H
191 – 0.0315H
2
20% below Tier 1
9.12 – 0.0152H
191 – 0.0315H
≥ 200 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
7.60
191 – 0.0315H
2
20% below Tier 1
6.08
191 – 0.0315H
Self-Contained (Air Cooled)
< 175 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
18.0 – 0.0469H
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
14.4 – 0.0375H
Not Applicable
≥ 175 lbs/day
1
Approx. FEMP
9.80
Not Applicable
2
20% below Tier 1
7.84
Not Applicable
Note: H= harvest rate in lbs/day
Source: Packaged Commercial Refrigeration Equipment: A Briefing Report for Program Planners and
Implementers, Steven Nadel, ACEEE, December 2002, p.14, Table 9.
< 500 lbs/day
1
2
1
2
76
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
77
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Evaporator Fan Motor Controls
Measure Number: I-E-7-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
Description
Walk-in cooler evaporator fans typically run all the time; 24 hrs/day, 365 days/yr. This is because they
must run constantly to provide cooling when the compressor is running, and to provide air circulation when
the compressor is not running. However, evaporator fans are a very inefficient method of providing air
circulation. Each of these fans uses more than 100 watts. Installing an evaporator fan control system will
turn off evaporator fans while the compressor is not running, and instead turn on an energy-efficient 35
watt fan to provide air circulation, resulting in significant energy savings.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Evap Fan Control
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
2.6
Average number of
measures per year
20
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
52
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((kWEvap  nFans ) – kWCirc )  (1-DCComp)  DCEvap  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760
Where:
kW
kWEvap
nFans
kWCirc
DCComp
DCEvap
BF
kWh
8760
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of each evaporator fan (Average 0.123 kW) 86
= Number of evaporator fans
= Connected load kW of the circulating fan (0.035 kW)87.
= Duty cycle of the compressor (Assume 50%)88
= Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer)89
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing the evaporator fan with
a lower wattage circulating fan when the compressor is not running (1.5 for
low temp, 1.3 for medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp) 90
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
86
Based on an a weighted average of 80% shaded pole motors at 132 watts and 20% PSC motors at 88 watts.
Wattage of fan used by Freeaire and Cooltrol.
88 A 50% duty cycle is assumed based on examination of duty cycle assumptions from Richard Traverse (35%-65%),
Cooltrol (35%-65%), Natural Cool (70%), Pacific Gas & Electric (58%). Also, manufacturers typically size equipment
with a built-in 67% duty factor and contractors typically add another 25% safety factor, which results in a 50% overall
duty factor.
89 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4
20-min defrost cycles per day)
90 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp,
based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures
of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F.
.
87
78
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a refrigeration system without an evaporator fan control.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigeration system with an evaporator fan control and a smaller wattage circulating
fan.
Operating Hours
The evaporator fan run time without a fan control is 8760 hours per year. With a fan control the evaporator
fan would be replaced with a smaller wattage fan for 50% of the time, or 4380 hours per year.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
26.7%
14.0%
24.1%
35.2%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Evaporator
60.6%
37.7%
49.1%
Fan Control
(#68)
Source: Derived from the standard refrigeration loadshape, with a 50% reduction in run time. See file
<RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years
Measure Cost
The installation cost for a fan control is $2,254.91
Incentive Level
25% of installation costs or $550 per fan control.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
91
Based on average of costs from Freeaire and Cooltrol fan control systems.
79
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Permanent Split Capacitor Motor
Measure Number: I-E-8-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
Description
Cooler or freezer evaporator fan boxes typically contain two to six evaporator fans that run nearly 24 hours
each day, 365 days each year. Not only do these fans use electricity, but the heat that each fan generates
must also be removed by the refrigeration system to keep the product cold, adding more to the annual
electricity costs. If the cooler or freezer has single-phase power, the electricity usage can be reduced by
choosing permanent split capacitor (PSC) motors instead of conventional, shaded-pole motors.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Permanent Split
Capacitor Motor
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.55
Average number of
measures per year
50
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
27.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= (kWSP – kWPSC )  DCEvap  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760
Where:
kW
kWSP
kWPSC
DCEvap
BF
kWh
8760
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of a shaded pole evaporator fan (Average 0.132 kW) 92
= Connected load kW of a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan (0.088kW) 93
= Duty cycle of the evaporator fan (100% for cooler, 94% for freezer) 94
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from replacing a shaded-pole
evaporator fan with a lower wattage PSC fan (1.5 for low temp, 1.3 for
medium temp, and 1.2 for high temp) 95
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is shaded pole evaporator fan motor.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a permanent split capacitor evaporator fan motor.
92
Based on metered data from R.H. Travers.
Wattage of 1.1 Amp motor at 120 V, with 65% load factor.
94 A evaporator fan in a cooler runs all the time, but a freezer only runs 8273 hours per year due to defrost cycles (4
20-min defrost cycles per day)
95 Bonus factor (1+ 1/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp,
based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures
of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F.
93
80
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Operating Hours
A cooler evaporator fan runs all the time or 8760 hours per year. A freezer evaporator fan runs 8273 hours
per year due to defrost cycles (4 20-min defrost cycles per day). The smaller number of hours for freezer
fan run time is captured in the duty cycle factor in the kW calculation, so that 100% coincidence factors
may be applied to both applications.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Flat (#25)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
15 years
Measure Cost
The incremental cost of a PSC fan motor compared to a shaded-pole fan motor is $125.96 Retrofit cost for a
PSC fan motor is $235 ($175 for the motor, $60 for installation labor including travel time).
Incentive Level
$75 or 60% of the incremental cost at the time of replacement and 32% of the full installed retrofit cost..
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
96
Based on personal communications with Ken Hodgdon of Natural Cool ($125) and Kevan Mayer of Blodgett Supply
($120).
81
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Zero-Energy Doors
Measure Number: I-E-9-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
Description
Cooler or freezer reach-ins with glass doors typically have electric resistance heaters installed within the
door frames. Refrigerator door manufacturers include these resistance heaters to prevent condensation from
forming on the glass, blocking the customer’s view, and to prevent frost formation on door frames. Zeroenergy doors may be chosen in place of standard cooler and freezer doors. These doors consist of two or
three panes of glass and include a low-conductivity filler gas (e.g., Argon) and low-emissivity glass
coatings. This system keeps the outer glass warm and prevents external condensation. Manufacturers can
provide information on how well these systems work with “respiring” products.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Zero-energy doors
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.8
Average number of
measures per year
80
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
64
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWdoor  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760
Where:
kW
kWdoor
BF
kWh
8760
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater
(cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 97
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the
door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for
medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp)98
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door that prevents condensation with multiple pains of glass,
inert gas, and low-e coatings instead of using electrically generated heat.
Operating Hours
8760 hours per year
97
Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W).
Bonus factor (1+ 0.65/COP) assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp,
based on the average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures
of -20°F, 20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65%
of heat generated by door enters the refrigerated case.
98
82
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Flat (#25)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years99
Measure Cost
The incremental cost of a zero energy door is estimated at $275 for coolers and $800 for freezers. 100
Incentive Level
$125 or 45% of the incremental cost for a cooler door and $300 or 38% of the incremental cost for a freezer
door.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
99
The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
100 Based on manufacturers cost data and EVT project experience.
83
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Door Heater Controls
Measure Number: I-E-10-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls>
Description
Another option to zero-energy doors – that is also effective on existing reach-in cooler or freezer doors – is
“on-off” control of the operation of the door heaters. Because relative humidity levels differ greatly across
the United States, a door heater in Vermont needs to operate for a much shorter season than a door heater in
Florida. By installing a control device to turn off door heaters when there is little or no risk of
condensation, one can realize energy and cost savings.
There are two strategies for this control, based on either (1) the relative humidity of the air in the store or
(2) the “conductivity” of the door (which drops when condensation appears). In the first strategy, the
system activates your door heaters when the relative humidity in your store rises above a specific setpoint,
and turns them off when the relative humidity falls below that setpoint. In the second strategy, the sensor
activates the door heaters when the door conductivity falls below a certain setpoint, and turns them off
when the conductivity rises above that setpoint.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Door heater
controls
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
3.5
Average number of
measures per year
20
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
70
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWdoor  Ndoor  BF
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  8760  ES
Where:
kW
kWdoor
Ndoor
BF
kWh
8760
ES
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= Connected load kW of a typical reach-in cooler or freezer door with a heater
(cooler 0.075 kW, freezer 0.200 kW) 101
= Number of doors controlled by sensor
= Bonus factor for reduced cooling load from eliminating heat generated by the
door heater from entering the cooler or freezer (1.3 for low temp, 1.2 for
medium temp, and 1.1 for high temp) 102
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= (hours/year)
= Percent annual energy savings (55% for humidity-based control103, 70% for
conductivity-based control104)
101
Based on range of wattages from two manufacturers and metered data (cooler 50-130 W, freezer 200-320 W).
Bonus factor assumes 2.0 COP for low temp, 3.5 COP for medium temp, and 5.4 COP for high temp, based on the
average of standard reciprocating and discus compressor efficiencies with Saturated Suction Temperatures of -20°F,
20°F, and 45°F, respectively, and a condensing temperature of 90°F, and manufacturers assumption that 65% of heat
generated by door enters the refrigerated case (1+ 0.65/COP).
103 R.H.Travers’ estimate of savings.
104 Door Miser savings claim.
102
84
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a cooler or freezer glass door that is continuously heated to prevent condensation.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a cooler or freezer glass door with either a humidity-based or conductivity-based doorheater control.
Operating Hours
Door heaters operate 8760 hours per year.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
35.7%
17.9%
22.1%
24.3%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Door Heater
100.0%
0.0%
88.9%
Control (#69)
Source: Based on assumption that the door heater savings will occur when the interior humidity levels are
lowest – primarily the winter months, with declining savings during the fall and spring. See
<Door_heater_controls_loadshape_051503.xls>
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years105
Measure Cost
The cost for humidity-based control is $300 for a complete circuit, regardless of the number of doors. The
cost for conductivity-based control is $200 per door.
Incentive Level
$150 or 50% of the cost for a humidity-based control and $100 per door or 50% of the cost for a
conductivity-based control.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
None
105
The following report estimates life of a refrigerated display case at 5-15 years: Energy Savings Potential for
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, Arthur D. Little, Inc., 1996.
85
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Discus and Scroll Compressors
Measure Number: I-E-11-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers.
2.01 July 2003.xls>
Description
Discus Technology involves using effective gas and oil flow management through valving that provides
the best operating efficiency in the range of the compressor load. This eliminates capillary tubes typically
used for lubrication, that also offers maximum compressor protection as well as environmental integrity.
Discus retainers inside the cylinder also improve efficiency and lower sound levels. Reducing discharge
pulsation levels by 20% over older reed models accomplishes this. The discus action is similar to a piston
in the car engine. There is a moving reed action in the top part of the piston, which decreases lost gas from
escaping. This leads to the effective gas utilization mentioned above. Because of the close tolerance
maintained by this discus retainer to the top of the compressor structure, the fluid loss is minimized and
adds to efficiency, however this same tight tolerance requires completely particle free fluid to pass through
it.
The discus compressor offers a rated compressor efficiency rating, expressed in EER, that is significantly
higher than the standard reciprocating type compressor, therefore leading to significant annual energy
savings.
Scroll Technology involves using two identical, concentric scrolls, one inserted within the other. One
scroll remains stationary as the other orbits around it. This movement draws gas into the compression
chamber and moves it through successively smaller pockets formed by the scroll’s rotation, until it reaches
maximum pressure at the center of the chamber. At this point, the required discharge pressure has been
achieved. There, it is released through a discharge port in the fixed scroll. During each orbit, several
pockets are compressed simultaneously, making the operation continuous.
Scroll compressors generally have slightly lower efficiency ratings than do discus compressors, particularly
in lower temperature applications, but are nevertheless significantly more efficient than standard
reciprocating compressors.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Compressor
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
1.5
Average number of
measures per year
10
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
15
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWh / FLH
Energy Savings
kWh
= kWhHP  HP
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
kWhHP
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
= kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this
measure write-up)
86
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
HP
= Compressor horsepower.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a standard hermetic or semi-hermetic reciprocating compressor.
High Efficiency
A high efficiency compressor for this write-up is either a discus or scroll compressor.
Operating Hours
The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, but because of compressor cycling the
full load hours are 5858 hours.106
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
19.7%
9.5%
35.9%
34.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Commercial
59.5%
85.8%
63.4%
Refrigeration
(#14)
Source: Loadshape in the DPS 1998 field screening tool, derived from Washington Electric Coop data by
West Hill Energy Consultants.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Discuss and Scroll compressors have lifetimes of 13 years. A baseline compressor has a shorter lifetime of
10 years.
Measure Cost
Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables
section below.
Incentive Level
Varies by compressor type and horsepower. See Compressor Costs and Incentives in Reference Tables
section below.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Standard compressors are assumed to require $325/year for maintenance (2.5 hours twice per year at
$65/hour), compared to $97.5/year (1.5 hours) for scroll compressors and $65/year (1 hour) for discus
compressors.
The maintenance costs for standard semi-hermetic or hermetic compressors are primarily associated with
cleaning the condenser and repairing leaks that are caused by the "slugging" of the liquid refrigerant in the
line. The slugging hammers the refrigeration piping and joints become undone and leak.
The maintenance costs associated with Scroll compressors are due to adjustment of onboard mechanical
valves and cleaning the condenser. The maintenance costs associated with Discus compressors are simply
to check out the moving reed action internal to the compressor and check the refrigerant fluid for particles.
There are no other moving parts in the Discus that require maintenance.
106
Derived from Washington Electric Coop data by West Hill Energy Consultants
87
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Compressor kWh Savings Per Horsepower
Compressor Type
Temperature Range
Low Temperature
Medium Temperature
High Temperature
(-35°F to -5°F SST)
(0°F to 30°F SST)
(35°F to 55°F SST)
(Ref. Temp -20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 45°F SST)
Discus
517
601
652
Scroll
208
432
363
Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in
spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>.
Compressor Costs and Incentives
Size
(HP)
Baseline
Cost
Discus
Cost
2
3
4
5
6
7.5
10
$4,790
$5,300
$6,400
$7,500
$11,090
$16,480
$19,800
NA
$5,950
$7,165
$8,400
$12,420
$18,458
$22,176
Discus
Incremental
Cost
NA
$650
$765
$900
$1,330
$1,980
$2,375
Discus
Incentive
($125/HP)
NA
$375
$500
$625
$750
$938
$1,250
88
Scroll
Cost
$5,270
$5,830
$7,040
$8,250
$12,200
$18,128
$21,780
Scroll
Incremental
Cost
$480
$530
$640
$750
$1,110
$1,650
$1,980
Scroll
Incentive
($110/HP)
$220
$330
$440
$550
$660
$825
$1,100
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Floating Head Pressure Control
Measure Number: I-E-12-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 21
Effective date: 12/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>, <Compressor kWH compared.xls>, <Refrigeration
Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>
Description
Installers conventionally design a refrigeration system to condense at a set pressure-temperature setpoint,
typically 90 degrees. By installing a “floating head pressure control” condenser system, the refrigeration
system can change condensing temperatures in response to different outdoor temperatures. This means that
as the outdoor temperature drops, the compressor will not have to work as hard to reject heat from the
cooler or freezer.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Floating Head
Pressure Control
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
2
Average number of
measures per year
20
Average Annual MWh
savings per year
40
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= kWh / FLH
Energy Savings
kWh = kWhHP  HP
Where:
kW
kWh
FLH
kWhHP
HP
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure (kW)
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure (kWh)
= Full load hours from DPS commercial refrigeration loadshape (5858 hours).
= kWh per HP (value from savings table in Reference Tables section of this
measure write-up)
= Compressor horsepower.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a refrigeration system without floating head pressure control.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigeration system with floating head pressure control.
Operating Hours
The refrigeration is assumed to be in operation everyday of the year, while savings from floating head
pressure control are expected to occur when the temperature outside is below 75 degrees F, or 8125 hours.
However, due to varied levels of savings at different outdoor temperatures, the full load hours are assumed
to be 7221 hours. See <RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
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Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
23.7%
12.0%
29.9%
34.4%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Floating Head
100.0%
0.0%
53.7%
Pressure
Control (#70)
Source: Calculated from hours during which outside temperatures are below 75 degrees F. See
<RefrigLoadshapes.xls>.
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each
evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables
section below.
Incentive Level
Varies by number of evaporator fan boxes because a separate Bohnmiser valve is required for each
evaporator box. See the table Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives in the Reference Tables
section below. Incentive not offered for compressors less than 1.5 HP.
O&M Cost Adjustments
None
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Reference Tables
Floating Head Pressure Control kWh Savings Per Horsepower
Compressor Type
Temperature Range
Low Temperature
Medium Temperature
High Temperature
(-35°F to -5°F SST)
(0°F to 30°F SST)
(35°F to 55°F SST)
(Ref. Temp -20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 20°F SST)
(Ref. Temp 45°F SST)
Standard Reciprocating
695
727
657
Discus
607
598
694
Scroll
669
599
509
Savings calculations summarized in <Compressor kWH compared.xls>; calculations performed in
spreadsheet tool <Refrigeration Compressor Evaluation Vers. 2.01 July 2003.xls>.
Floating Head Pressure Control Costs and Incentives
Number of
Evaporators
1
2
3
4
Incremental
Cost
$518
$734
$984
$1,233
Incentive
$250
$375
$500
$650
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Compressed Air End Use
Compressed Air – Non-Controls
Measure Number: I-F-1-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 15
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
Measures other than controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies
to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / HOURS
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = hours of operation (see operating hours section).
kW
= gross customer kW savings for the measure
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Operating Hours
Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays)
2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays)
3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays)
4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down
time)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Operating
Schedule
1-shift (8/5)
#44
2-shift (16/5)
#45
3-shift (24/5)
#46
4-shift (24/7)
#47
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter1
Summer1 Fall/Spring1
33.2%
0.0%
66.8%
0.0%
39.7%
66.7%
39.7%
31.1%
2.1%
62.7%
4.2%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
44.6%
22.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named
<compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts.
1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that
compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods,
the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period,
the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours.
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Freeridership
5% CEO Non-Act 250
10% CIEM
0% Act 250
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Installed Cost
Site specific.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Varies by measure.
Leak reduction measure lifetime is 1 year.
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Compressed Air – Controls
Measure Number: I-F-2-b (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Compressed Air End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 15
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
Controls that reduce compressed air system energy requirements. This measure applies to new
construction, equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis
Demand Savings
kW = kW  SVG
Where:
kWh
SVG
kW
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= savings as a % of kW. SVG = 22%107.
= average diversified kW compressor load controlled.
= gross customer kW savings for the measure
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Operating Hours
Single shift (8/5) – 2080 hours (7 AM – 3 PM, weekdays)
2-shift (16/5) – 4160 hours (7AM – 11 PM, weekdays)
3-shift (24/5) – 6240 hours (24 hours per day, weekdays)
4-shift (24/7) – 8320 hours (24 hours per day, 7 days a week minus some holidays and scheduled down
time)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
107
Average kW savings from examination of 15 audited projects.
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Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Operating
Schedule
1-shift (8/5)
#44
2-shift (16/5)
#45
3-shift (24/5)
#46
4-shift (24/7)
#47
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.2%
0.0%
66.8%
0.0%
39.7%
66.7%
39.7%
31.1%
2.1%
62.7%
4.2%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
44.6%
22.3%
71.4%
100.0%
71.4%
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
Source: Loadshape factors calculated in a loadshape calculating spreadsheet named
<compressed_air_loadshape_calc_1-4_shifts.xls>, based on definitions of shifts.
1. Calculated demand impacts (kW) represent diversified kW demand savings over each typical hour that
compressed air system is operating. Therefore, for shifts that totally encompass the peak capacity periods,
the coincidence factor equals 100%. For shifts that only encompass a portion of the peak capacity period,
the coincidence factor represents the portion of the peak capacity period included in the shift hours.
Freeridership
5% CEO Non-Act 250
10% CIEM
0% Act 250
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be 85% as agreed to between DPS and EVT.
Installed Cost
Site specific.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Engineering Measure Life varies by measure.
Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be the 0.85 * the Engineering Measure Life, to
adjust for persistence.
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Snow Making End Use
Snow Making
Measure Number: I-G-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Snow Making End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
10/05/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Measures that reduce snow making energy requirements. This measure applies to new construction,
equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = Calculated on a site-specific basis
Demand Savings
kW = kW calculated on a site-specific basis  IRF
Where:
kWh
kW
IRF
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure
= interruptible rate adjustment factor. Equals 0.50 for customers on interruptible rate; 1.0
for customers on non-interruptible rates.
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Operating Hours
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Calculated on a site-specific basis
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Snow Making
44%
44%
2%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
10%
Site
Specific
0%
Site Specific
Source: Energy distribution developed based on typical hours and season of snow making in Vermont.
Winter and Fall/Spring coincidence factors will be calculated on a site specific basis depending on the ski
areas practices, compressed air capacity, and other factors.
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Freeridership
12% Non-Act 250
0% Act 250
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Installed Cost
Site specific.
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Varies by measure
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Monitor Power Management
EZ Save Monitor Power Management Software
Measure Number: I-H-1-a (CEO Program, Monitor Power Management End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 18
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Webber, Carrie, A., et al., Field Surveys of Office Equipment Operating
Patterns, Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, LBNL46930, September 2001; 2) Kawamoto et al., Electricity Used by Office Equipment and Network
Equipment in the U.S., Energy Analysis Program / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA,
LBNL-45917, February 2001; 3) EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in
Monitors at US DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000; 4) Excel
workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>, developed by Cadmus Group; 5) MPM Calculations.xls
Description
This measure describes the energy savings associated with office computer monitor power management
(MPM) EZ Save software that enables a computer monitor to automatically power-down (i.e., sleep mode
feature for the monitor after a period of inactivity). 108 EZ Save software is appropriate for organizations
with a computer network and an in-house network administrator knowledgeable about network software
installations. Energy savings are estimated in this characterization on a per computer basis and aggregrated
based on the indicated number of computers to be activated on the software download form. EZ Save is
installed on the local server without the need to go to the separate computer stations connected to the
network. The energy savings estimated in this characterization are applicable to computers used on
average 45 hours per week. Given that not all downloads of EZ Save MPM software will be installed due
to the two-step process required by network administrators, we discount total kWh savings by an in-service
rate (ISR) factor.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Software Type
Average Annual MWH
Savings per computer
EZ Save Software on an
0.03
Office Computer
Average number of
computers per year
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
1000
30
Algorithms
The following kW and kWh is per computer.
Demand Savings109
kW
= (WattsBASE-WattsEE)/1000
kW
= (85 – 5)/1000 = 0.08
Energy Savings
Savings per Week
kWh/wk = kWh Use Before MPM Software Installed – kWh Use After MPM Software
Installed
108
EVT implementation of this measure will identify intended computer type through the website registration and
download requirements.
109 Kawamoto et al. 2001.
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The algorithm follows that described by Kawamoto et al. (2001).
kWh/wk
= (HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek*
PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000
-Minus(HoursUsedPerWeek* (WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM* PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled)+HoursNotUsedPerWeek*
PercentOnNights*( WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM*PercentEnabled+
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM*PercentDisabled))/1000
(i)
(ii)
Annual Savings for Office
Computers Using EZ Save MPM
Software
kWh/wk
= ((45*(45*0.56+85*0.44)+123*0.68*(5*0.56+85*0.44))/1000 ) ((45*(45*1+85*0)+123*0.68*(5*1+85*0))/1000) = 1.604
kWh
kWh
= kWh/wk * 52 weeks/yr* ISR
= 1.604 * 52 * 0.33= 27.5
The table below provides the user-inputs for the average office setting using EZ Save MPM software:
Computer Use Parameters
Before
After
MPM
MPM
Effort
Effort
HoursUsedPerWeek110
45
45
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_PM (avg. watts during in-use
hours with MPM, weighted avg. of on and sleep mode)111
PercentEnabled (Proportion of PCs Enabled for Monitor Power
Management (MPM))112
WATTS_PER_ACTIVE_HOUR_NoPM
(avg. watts during in-use hours with no power management) 113
PercentDisabled (1 – PercentEnabled)114
HoursNotUsedPerWeek
(Non-use hours, 168–45=123)
PercentOnNights (Percent of monitors left on at nights) 115
WATTS_PER_INACTIVE_HOUR_PM
(avg. watts for monitor in sleep mode)116
ISR (In-Service Rate) 117
110
45
45
56%
100%
85
85
44%
0%
123
123
68%
68%
5
5
N/A
0.33
Estimated typical office hours of computer use per week (5 days * 9 hours/day) provided by the Cadmus Group.
Kawamoto et al. (2001).
112 Source for percent enabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent enabled after MPM is from
the Cadmus Group. This enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence factor.
113 Kawamoto et al. (2001).
114 Source for percent disabled before MPM is from Webber et al (2001). Source for percent disabled after MPM is
from the Cadmus Group. Note, this enablement rate will be adjusted in lifetime savings estimate by the persistence
factor.
115 Webber et al. (2001). EVT Estimates percent of monitors left on at night is the same as before MPM installed.
116 Kawamoto et al. (2001).
117 Estimate from David Beavers, Cadmus Group for software downloads requiring a registration form based on
previous program implementation evaluations.
111
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Baseline Efficiencies
The baseline is a typical organization that has PC workstations enabled for monitor power management at
the national average rate of 56%.
High Efficiency
The high efficiency organization is defined as having PC workstations enabled with monitor power
management at a rate of 100%.
Operating Hours
Operating hours will vary depending on the number of users that turn off monitors after-hours and on
weekends, and the number of workstations that are enabled for monitor power management. See input table
above for default values.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh Savings
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Computer
Office #62
21.2%
11.9%
29.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
37.9%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
25.4%
23.5%
26.3%
Source: See calculations in Excel workbook <Definition of VT Peak V3.xls>. Peak coincident factor is
calculated as the average kW reduction during the peak period compared to the maximum kW savings from
enabling the sleep mode.
Freeridership
0%. The energy savings estimates already factor in a rate of 56% previous monitor power management,
thus savings are based only on units that were not previously enabled. Because EZ Save significantly
reduces the cost of enabling MPM, the possibility that an IT department would have manually implemented
MPM in the near future without the benefit of EZ Save is very remote.
Spillover
0%. There is a large potential for spillover, however data on actual impacts are not available at this time.
Many organizations combine a rollout of EZ Save with general energy savings outreach messages to
employees such as saving energy through powering down equipment after work. This can lead to a
doubling of energy savings. Employees may also carry this message home and set their home computers for
MPM. Also word of mouth by IT staffs will lead to additional applications of EZ Save.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be 0.85118
Lifetimes119
Engineering lifetime is 2 years based on estimated average existing CPU is two years old upon installation
of software. Adjusted measure life is two years times persistence (2*0.85)= 1.7 years.
Measure Cost
There are no capital expenses for enabling monitor power management on Windows 95, 98, ME, 2000 and
XP workstations. Windows NT4 workstations are not suitable for power management options. Network
administrator labor cost is estimated at $80 (2 hrs at $40/hr) for installation. 120 On average, it is estimated
that 25 computers will be activated per EZ Save download. For the purposes of prescriptive screening of
EPA Case Study, Automatic Activation of ENERGY STAR Features in Monitors at US DOE’s Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office, December, 2000
119 Kawamoto et al. (2001) estimates computer lifetime of 4 years. EVT estimates the
average age of a computer receiving MPM software is two years old.
120 Labor costs for installation will not vary with the number of computers activated.
118
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the measure cost, the per network download cost is estimated to be $26.40. This is calculated by
discounting network download cost by the ISR rate to take into account all of the downloads that are never
fully activated, and as such, labor costs are never incurred. ($80*0.33 =$26.40).
O&M Cost Adjustments
None quantified.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Multiple End Uses
Multiple Point Control Systems
Measure Number: I-I-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Multiple End Uses)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Multiple Point Control Systems (MPCS) are control systems using multiple points of control to improve
energy efficiency for building systems such as cooling, heating, lighting, ventilation, and/or other end uses.
MPCS may control only a single system or may provide integrated control of several different building
systems. Examples include chiller staging controls and integrated building Energy Management Systems
(EMS). The description is not intended to include simple setpoint control systems, nor does it apply to any
control system specifically described elsewhere in the Technical Reference Manual (e.g., demand
controlled ventilation, lighting controls, refrigeration floating head pressure controls, variable frequency
drives, etc.). This measure applies to new construction, equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWh savings calculated on a site-specific basis  OTF
Demand Savings
kW = kW reduction calculated on a site-specific basis  OTF
Where:
kWh
kW
OTF
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure
= Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 when the project undergoes Operational
Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 otherwise.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a building system that does not have a multiple point control system.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a building system with a control system that uses multiple points of control to improve
the energy efficiency of the system.
Operating Hours
Calculated on a site-specific basis
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Calculated on a site-specific basis
Freeridership/Spillover
The following measure codes include the most common applications for multiple point control systems.
Other applications will be coded as custom measures under the applicable end use(s).
Measure Category
Air Conditioning
102
Space Heating Efficiency
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Efficiency
ACECONTR
Improved Air
Conditioning Controls
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
121
1
1
0.95
1
0.9
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
SHECONTR
Improved Space Heating
Controls
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
122
1
1
0.95
1
0.9
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be 90%.
Lifetime
Engineering Measure Life is 10 years.
Adjusted Measure Life used for savings and screening will be 0.9 * 10 years = 9 years, to adjust for
persistence.
Analysis period is the same as the Adjusted Measure Life.
Measure Cost
Site specific.
Incentive Level
Site specific.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Site specific.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
Site specific.
Water Descriptions
Site specific.
121
122
Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.
Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.
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Ventilation End Use
Demand-Controlled Ventilation
Measure Number: I-J-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program, Ventilation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Description
Demand-controlled ventilation controls the amount of outside ventilation air brought into a building or
structure to provide the amount needed for adequate ventilation and no more. This provides energy savings
by not cooling or heating unnecessary amounts of outside air, and it provides assurance that sufficient
outside air is being supplied for the number of occupants present. The control of the system is most
commonly based on levels of specific contaminants, such as carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide, but may
also be based on occupancy sensors or turnstile counters. This measure applies to new construction,
equipment replacement and retrofit.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWh savings calculated on a site-specific basis  OTF
Demand Savings
kW = kW reduction calculated on a site-specific basis  OTF
Where:
kWh
kW
OTF
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer kW savings claimed for the measure
= Operational Testing Factor. OTF = 1.0 when the project undergoes Operational
Testing or commissioning services, 0.80 otherwise.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a.ventilation system in which the outside air ventilation rate is fixed when the
building is occupied, and is generally based on design occupancy.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a.ventilation system in which the outside air ventilation rate varies when the building is
occupied depending on some measurement of occupancy or air quality, such as concentration of carbon
dioxide, so that the ventilation rate is lower than the design ventilation rate when the building is not fully
occupied.
Operating Hours
Calculated on a site-specific basis
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Calculated on a site-specific basis
Freeridership/Spillover
Measure Category
Measure Code
Ventilation
VNTDEMAN
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Product Description
Track Name
Track No.
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Demand-Controlled
Ventilation
Freerider
Spillover
1  0.95 =
0.95 *
1
0.95
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1 123
1
0.95
1
0.9
1
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
10 years.
The analysis period is the same as the measure life.
Measure Cost
Site specific.
Incentive Level
Site specific.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Site specific.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
Site specific.
Water Descriptions
Site specific.
123
Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT.
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Hot Water End Use
Efficient Hot Water Heater
Measure Number: I-K-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: None
Description
Fossil-fuel hot water heater.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures per
year
N/A
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Algorithms
Energy Savings
MMBTU = kBTUSFwload  SF  EFbase  [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000
Where:
MMBTU
kBTUSFwload
SF
EFbase
EFeffic
1000
= gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure
= annual building water heating energy use in kBtu per building square foot.
Refer to the Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type table.
= Building square feet
= Baseline water heating equipment efficiency
= Efficient water heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline
equipment efficiency rating)
= Conversion factor from kBtu to MMBtu.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline assumes no electric DHW. If electric is proposed, will calculate as custom measure. If not using
residential style, tank-type unit124, then will use custom calculation based on customer-specific plans. The
Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline for New
Construction. Refer to the tables in the reference tables section.
High Efficiency
A residential-style hot water heater exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial
Construction.
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Loadshapes
Not applicable
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
124
Based on NAECA definition: <=75,000 Btu/h for gas, <=105,000 Btu/h for oil.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Measure Category
Hot Water Heater
Measure Codes
HWRSFOIL, HWRSNGAS, HWRSPROP
Product Description
Efficient Hot Water Heater
Track Name
Track No.
Freerider
Spillover
Act250 NC
6014A250
1
1  0.95 = 0.95 *
Cust Equip Rpl
6013CUST
n/a
n/a
Farm NC
6014FARM
n/a
n/a
Farm Equip Rpl
6013FARM
n/a
n/a
Non Act 250 NC
6014NANC
n/a
n/a
Pres Equip Rpl
6013PRES
n/a
n/a
C&I Retro
6012CNIR
n/a
n/a
MF Mkt Retro
6012MFMR
n/a
n/a
Efficient Products
6032EPEP
n/a
n/a
LISF Retrofit
6034LISF
n/a
n/a
LIMF Retrofit
6017RETR
n/a
n/a
LIMF NC
6018LINC
n/a
n/a
LIMF Rehab
6018LIRH
n/a
n/a
RES Retrofit
6036RETR
n/a
n/a
RNC VESH
6038VESH
n/a
n/a
MF Mkt NC
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime varies based on equipment.
Stand-alone oil: 10 years
Stand-alone gas: 13 years
Stand-alone kerosene: 15 years
Indirect-fired storage tank: 15 years
Instantaneous water heater: 13 years
Analysis period is dependent on equipment type and consistent with equipment lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific.
Incentive Level
EVT does not pay incentives for this measure.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTU = kBTUSFwload  SF  EFbase  [(1/EFbase - 1/EFeffic)] / 1000
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Hot Water Energy Use Intensity by Building Type
Building Type
Office
Retail
kBtu per Square Foot of Building
6.7
5.9
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Health
Grocery
Restaurant
Warehouse
Other
15.2
14.7
41.0
2.8
Site specific
Source: Gas DSM and Fuel-Switching Opportunities and Experiences, NYSERDA, Table 4-8. Values used are for
upstate New York.
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Act 250 Guidelines for Performance of Water-Heating Equipment
V Ta
Category
Type
Fuel
Input
Input to
Rating
(gallons) VT Ratio
(Btuh/gal)
NAECAcovered
waterheating
equipment c
Other
waterheating
equipmentd
Energy
Factor b
Storage
Gas
<=75,000
Btu/h
Alle
---
>=0.620.0019V*
Instantaneous
Gas
All
---
Storage
Oil
All
---
Instantaneous
Oil
<=200,00
0 Btu/he
<=105,00
0 Btu/h
<=210,00
0 Btu/h
All
---
Storage /
Instantaneous
Gas /
Oil
All
All
<4,000
<4,000
>=0.620.0019V*
>=0.590.0019V*
>=0.590.0019V*
-----
<10
>=10
>=4,000
>=4,000
>155,000
Btu/h
<=155,00
0 Btu/h
---
Thermal
Efficiency
Et
(percent)
-------->= 78%
>= 78%
>= 80%
>= 77%
Notes:
a V is the storage volume in gallons as measured during the standby loss test. For the purposes of eliminating standby
T
loss requirement using the rated volume shown on the rating plate, V T should be no less than 0.95V for gas and oil
water heaters and no less than 0.90V for electric water heaters.
b V is rated storage volume in gallons as specified by the manufacturer.
c Consistent with National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987.
d All except those hot water heaters covered by NAECA.
e Applies to electric and gas storage water heaters with rated volumes 20 gallons and gas instantaneous water heaters
with input ranges of 50,000 to 200,000 Btu/h.
* Minimum efficiencies marked with an asterisk are established by preemptive federal law and are printed for the
convenience of the user.
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Space Heating End Use
Efficient Space Heating Equipment
Measure Number: I-L-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel-switching Opportunities and Experiences, 1994,
NYPP.
Description
Fossil fuel space heating equipment.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0
Average number of measures per
year
N/A
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Algorithms
Energy Savings
MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload  SF  ηbase  [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)]
Where:
MMBTU= gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure
MMBTUSFhload = annual building space heating energy use in MMBTU per square foot = 0.072
(from NYSERDA Gas DSM & Fuel Switching Opportunities & Experiences,
1994, NYPP estimate for upstate NY, average of offices & retail)
SF
= Building heated square feet
ηbase
= Baseline space heating equipment efficiency
ηeffic
= Efficient space heating equipment efficiency (consistent with baseline equipment
efficiency rating)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
If EVT convinces a customer to switch technologies, savings would be calculated based on the baseline
efficiency of the technology the customer was originally planning. For example, if a customer was
intending to install a warm air unit heater and EVT convinced them to install an infrared radiant heater
instead, savings would be based on going from a baseline warm air unit heater to the actual infrared radiant
heater efficiency. The Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the
baseline for New Construction. Refer to the tables in the reference tables section of this characterization.
High Efficiency
Space heating equipment exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial
Construction.
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Loadshapes
Not applicable
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Space Heating Equipment
SHRFPROP, SHRFNGAS, SHRFFOIL,
SHRHPROP, SHRHNGAS, SHRHFOIL,
Measure Codes
SHRBPROP, SHRBNGAS, SHRBFOIL
Product Description
Efficient Space Heating Equipment
Track Name
Track No.
Freerider
Spillover
Act250 NC
6014A250
1
1  0.95 = 0.95 *
Cust Equip Rpl
6013CUST
n/a
n/a
Farm NC
6014FARM
n/a
n/a
Farm Equip Rpl
6013FARM
n/a
n/a
Non Act 250 NC
6014NANC
n/a
n/a
Pres Equip Rpl
6013PRES
n/a
n/a
C&I Retro
6012CNIR
n/a
n/a
MF Mkt Retro
6012MFMR
n/a
n/a
Efficient Products
6032EPEP
n/a
n/a
LISF Retrofit
6034LISF
n/a
n/a
LIMF Retrofit
6017RETR
n/a
n/a
LIMF NC
6018LINC
n/a
n/a
LIMF Rehab
6018LIRH
n/a
n/a
RES Retrofit
6036RETR
n/a
n/a
RNC VESH
6038VESH
n/a
n/a
MF Mkt NC
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime varies based on equipment type.
Boilers: 25 years
Furnaces: 20 years
Room space heaters: 15 years
Analysis period is same as lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific.
Incentive Level
EVT does not pay incentives for this measure.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTU = MMBTUSFhload  SF  ηbase  [(1/ηbase - 1/ηeffic)]
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines
110
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Warm Air Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired
< 225,000 BTU
78% AFUE
>225,000 BTU
80.00 % Et
Warm Air Duct Furnaces, Gas-Fired
All Capacities
80.00 % Ec
Warm Air Unit Furnaces, Gas- and Oil-Fired
All Capacities
80.00 % Ec
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines
Boilers, Gas and Oil Fired Minimum Efficiency Requirements
<300,000 Btu/h
>300,000 and
<2,500,000 Btu/h
>2,500,000 Btu/h
Gas-Fired
Hot Water
Steam
80% AFUE
75% AFUE
80% AFUE
75% Et
78% Et
80% Ec
83% Ec
Oil-Fired
Gas-Fired
Oil-Fired
Gas-Fired
Oil-Fired
Act 250 Space Heating Equipment Guidelines
Boilers, Oil-Fired Residual Minimum Efficiency Requirements
>300,000 and
78% Et
<2,500,000 Btu/h
>2,500,000 Btu/h
83% Ec
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Envelope
Measure Number: I-M-1-a (Commercial Energy Opportunities Program)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor
Determination”
Description
Building envelope components with R-values exceeding the Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient
Commercial Construction.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0475
Average number of measures per
year
4
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0.1898
Algorithms
The savings for windows and glass door assemblies, roof assemblies, above-grade wall assemblies,
skylights, and floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space should be calculated using effective wholeassembly R-values and the following algorithms:
Energy Savings
MMBTU = HDD  24  A  [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106
Where:
MMBTU = gross customer annual MMBTU fuel savings for the measure
HDD
= heating degree days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis
(4400 typical HDD for high development areas in Vermont, using 50 degree F base
temperature)
24
= hours/day
A
= area of increased insulation
Rbase
= baseline effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value (hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)125
Reffic
= efficient effective whole-assembly thermal resistance value
(hr-ft2-˚F/BTU)1
η
= space heating system efficiency including distribution losses
106
= conversion from BTU to MMBTU
The savings for slab insulation and below-grade walls are calculated on a custom basis with baseline
technologies established in the Act 250 Envelope Baseline table.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The 2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction serve as the baseline for New
Construction. Refer to the tables in the reference tables section of this characterization.
125
Effective whole-assembly thermal resistance values are defined as the R-values for the whole assembly calculated
according to ASHRAE 90.1 Normative Appendix A “Assembly U-Factor, C-Factor, and F-Factor Determination”
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
High Efficiency
Building envelope more efficient than the minimum efficiencies in the 2001 Vermont Guidelines for
Energy Efficient Commercial Construction.
Operating Hours
Heating degree-days determined on a site-specific and application-specific basis.
Loadshapes
Not applicable
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Envelope
Measure Codes
TSHNACWL, TSHWINDO, TSHNFNDN
Product Description
Efficient Envelope
Track Name
Track No.
Freerider
Spillover
Act250 NC
6014A250
1
1  0.95 = 0.95 *
Cust Equip Rpl
6013CUST
n/a
n/a
Farm NC
6014FARM
n/a
n/a
Farm Equip Rpl
6013FARM
n/a
n/a
Non Act 250 NC
6014NANC
n/a
n/a
Pres Equip Rpl
6013PRES
n/a
n/a
C&I Retro
6012CNIR
n/a
n/a
MF Mkt Retro
6012MFMR
n/a
n/a
Efficient Products
6032EPEP
n/a
n/a
LISF Retrofit
6034LISF
n/a
n/a
LIMF Retrofit
6017RETR
n/a
n/a
LIMF NC
6018LINC
n/a
n/a
LIMF Rehab
6018LIRH
n/a
n/a
RES Retrofit
6036RETR
n/a
n/a
RNC VESH
6038VESH
n/a
n/a
MF Mkt NC
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
* Freeridership of 0% per agreement between DPS and EVT. All Act 250 measures will also have a 5%
Adjustment Factor applied, which will be implemented through the Freeridership factor.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
30 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is site-specific.
Incentive Level
EVT does not currently pay incentives for this measure.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBTU = HDD  24  A  [(1/Rbase - 1/Reffic)] / η / 106
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Reference Tables
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0 – 10%
10 – 50%
Nominal
Effective WholeNominal
Effective WholeRoof Assemblies
Insulation R-value Assembly R-value Insulation R-value Assembly R-value
All wood joist/truss - Continuous
R-19
R-19.6
R-23
R-23.8
insulation
All wood joist/truss - Insulation
R-38
R-37
R-38
R-37
between framing
Metal joist/truss - Continuous
R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
insulation
Metal joist/truss - Insulation
R-38
R-28.6
R-38
R-28.6
between framing
Concrete slab or deck - Continuous
R-19
R-19.6
R-23
R-23.8
insulation
Metal purlin w/ thermal block R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
Continuous insulation
Metal purlin w/ thermal block R-30
R-19.6
R-30
R-19.6
Insulation between framing
Metal purlin w/o thermal block R-20
R-20.8
R-24
R-25
Continuous insulation
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Slab or below grade wall (R-Value)
Heated (radiant) slab
R-10
R-10 under slab, perimeter
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0 – 40%
40 – 50%
Nominal
Nominal
Effective
Nominal
Nominal
Effective
Framing
Continuous
WholeFraming
Continuous
WholeAbove-grade walls
Insulation
Insulation Assembly Insulation
Insulation
Assembly
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
R-value
Framed - Metal framing
R-19
R-3
R-12.2
R-19
R-13
R-22.2
Framed - Wood framing
R-19
R-0
R-14.9
R-19
R-3
R-18.5
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation No framing
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Metal framing
CMU > 8 in., w/ integral insulation Wood framing
Other masonry walls - No framing
NA
R-5
R-8.3
NA
R-5
R-8.3
R-11
R-0
R-7.3
R-11
R-0
R-7.3
R-11
R-0
R-12.1
R-11
R-0
R-12.1
NA
R-5
R-7.6
NA
R-5
R-7.6
Other masonry walls - Metal framing
R-11
R-3
R-10.1
R-11
R-3
R-10.1
Other masonry walls - Wood framing
Metal buildings
R-11
R-19
R-0
R-0
R-11.4
R-14.3
R-11
R-19
R-0
R-0
R-11.4
R-14.3
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Skylights
SHGCall
Uall
Skylight w/curb, Glass, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
0.68
0.60
2.1 – 5.0%
0.49
0.60
Skylight w/curb, Plastic, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
0.71
0.60
2.1 – 5.0%
0.71
0.60
Skylight w/curb, All, % of roof
0.0 – 2.0%
0.49
0.58
2.1 – 5.0%
0.49
0.58
2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Floors over outdoor air or unconditioned space
All wood joist/truss - Continuous insulation
All wood joist/truss - Insulation between framing
Metal joist/truss - Continuous insulation
Metal joist/truss - Insulation between framing
Concrete slab or deck - Continuous insulation
Window/Glazed Doorways:
any percentage of above-grade wall area
Nominal Insulation R-value
Effective Whole-Assembly R-value
R-27
R-30.6
R-30
R-30.3
R-24
R-26.8
R-30
R-26.3
R-22
R-25.3
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2001 Vermont Guidelines for Energy Efficient Commercial Construction
Building Envelope Requirements
Window/Glazed Doorways as a percentage of above-grade wall area
0-25%
25-40%
40-50%
Windows and Glass Door
SHGC
U-factor
SHGC U-factor SHGC U-factor
Assemblies
PF < 0.25
0.46
0.47
0.36
0.40
0.32
0.40
0.25 < PF < 0.50
0.55
0.47
0.50
0.40
0.48
0.40
PF > 0.50 or north-oriented
0.64
0.47
0.64
0.40
0.64
0.40
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Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP)
Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: III-A-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/20/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp.
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting #1
Source: VT Screening Tool
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used.
O&M Savings
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference table.
Lifetimes
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
CFL Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lifetime Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lifetime Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
CFL O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
O&M Savings
$1.43
$2.82
$4.21
$5.60
$6.13
$6.61
$8.15
$8.37
$8.51
$8.89
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Lighting
Measure Number: III-A-2-c (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective Date: 12/01/01
End Date:
TBD
Description
The list below shows assumed fixture replacements by location/function. These are based on REEP's
historical recommendations and reported installations. Energy-saving hardwired fixtures are used in all
areas: within residential units, exterior residential applications, exterior common lighting, and interior
common area lighting. Controls (timers, sensors, and photocells) are used to optimize performance and
minimize energy usage. Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track.
Lighting Fixtures: Common Areas-controlled
Average Daily Burntimes in Hours
(for fixture installation, prior to controls)
Location/Function
High Efficiency Measure
and Baseline
Cost
EVT Measure
Code
Exterior Building
1x70w MH replace 2x150w
incandescent
Exterior Entry
1x22w PL replace 1x100w
LFHCEFIX
incandescent
Indoor Hall/Stairway
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
1x75w incandescent
Corridor
1x32w T8 w/reflector
LFHLRT08
replace 2x40w T12
Exit Lighting
LED replace 2x15w
LFHESLED
incandescent
Laundry/common areas
1x32w T8 w/reflector
LFHLRT08
replace 2x40w T12
Controls
occupancy sensor/dual level
LECOCCUP
light
Lighting Fixtures: Apartment-resident controlled
Exterior Entry
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
LFHCNFIX
incandescent
Entry Hall/Stairway
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
LFHCNFIX
incandescent
Bathroom overhead
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
1x75w incandescent
Bathroom vanity
2x17w T8 replace
LFHLFT08
4x60w incandescent
Kitchen overhead
1x32w T8 w/reflector
LFHLRT08
replace 3x60w incandescent
Kitchen task
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
1x60w incandescent
Living room
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
2x60w incandescent
Dining area
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
2x60w incandescent
Bedroom
1x32w Circline replace
LFHCRFIX
2x60w incandescent
LFHHDMHN
Elderly
Housing
Family Housing
$200
12
12
920
$35
12
12
333
$35
24
24
333
$20
24
24
526
$30
24
24
250
$20
8
12
240
$100
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
430
$35
3
3
49
$35
2
3
45
$35
1
3
34
$35
1
3
186
$35
4
6
292
$35
2
3
23
$35
3
5
136
$35
5
5
151
$50
1
3
75
Incremental Costs per Unit
Average incremental cost per installed fixture is presented in the table above. Costs are based on data from
the REEP project database.
119
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE
KWH
SAVINGS
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Savings Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = W x HOURS/1000
Demand Savings
kW = (kWh /HOURS)
Where: W
= wattage difference between fixtures, including ballast wattages, which ranges from 2
to 20 watts, depending on fixture type
kWh = annual customer kWh savings per installed fixture, CFL, or control
ballast wattage = 2 to 5 watts depending on fixture
HOURS = average hours of use per year
kW
= customer connected load kW savings per installed fixture, CFL, or control for the
measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline conditions are fixtures with incandescent or T-12 lamps, as specified in table above for each
location/function.
High Efficiency
High-efficiency are fixtures with compact fluorescent or T-8 lamps or LED for exit signage.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
19.7% 13.0%
28.9%
Summer
Off-Peak
27.7%
38.3%
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Indoor #1
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Outdoor #2
11.4%
5.5 %
11.2 %
24 hour (flat)
22.0% 11.0%
32.0%
35.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
#25
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor and outdoor lighting load
shapes).
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Fixtures: Fixture lifetime is 20 years, remaining consistent with previous REEP program reporting and
screening (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs). Analysis period used by REEP
is consistent with 20-year life of fixture.
Controls: Control lifetime is 10 years, remaining consistent with previous REEP program reporting and
screening. Analysis period used by REEP is consistent with 10-year life of control mechanism.
Fluorescent Replacement Lamp and Ballast: Fluorescent fixture ballast and lamp lifetimes are a
function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most ballasts and CFLs have rated lifetimes of 40,000
and 10,000 hours respectively. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter
lives and those that stay on for longer periods of time have longer lives. This is accounted for in fixture
screening analysis through degradation factors outlined in Reference Table A. Lives of specific lamps and
ballasts, Reference Table B, are determined using this in-use factor.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lamp and Ballast Annual O&M Savings1
Common
Area-control
EVT
Measure Code
LFHHDMHN
LFHCEFIX
LFHCRFIX
Location/
Function
Exterior
Building
Exterior Entry
LFHLRT08
Indoor
Hallway/
Stairway
Corridor
LFHESLED
Exit Lighting
LFHLRT08
Laundry/
Common Areas
Controls
LECOCCUP
High Efficiency
Measure and Baseline
1x70w MH replace
2x150w incandescent
1x22w PL replace
1x100w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
1x75w incandescent
1x32w T8 w/reflector
replace 2x40w T12
LED replace 2x15w
incandescent
1x32w T8 w/reflector
replace 2x40w T12
Occupancy sensor/dual
level light
121
Annual O&M
Savings
$11.63
$13.10
$29.95
$2.21
$42.55
$1.12
N/A
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
ResidentControlled
EVT
Measure Code
LFHCNFIX
Location/
Function
Exterior Entry
LFHCNFIX
Entry Hall /
Stairs
Bathroom
Overhead
Bathroom
Vanity
Kitchen
Overhead
LFHCRFIX
LFHLFT08
LFHLRT08
LFHCRFIX
Kitchen Task
LFHCRFIX
Living Room
LFHCRFIX
Dining Area
LFHCRFIX
Bedroom
High Efficiency Measure
and Baseline
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
incandescent
1x13w PL replace 1x60w
incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
1x75w incandescent
2x17w T8 replace 4x60w
incandescent
1x32w T8 w/reflector
replace 3x60w
incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
1x60w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
2x60w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
2x60w incandescent
1x32w Circline replace
2x60w incandescent
Annual O&M
Savings
$2.76
$2.23
$3.08
$13.37
$18.20
$2.33
$9.44
$10.59
$4.81
1=
Savings based on measure costs and lives established in Reference Table B, see below. All savings based on a
blended average of family and elderly use patterns. Blend based on REEP program reporting (74% family, 26%
elderly).
Reference Tables
A. Fluorescent Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Note:
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
The values above are determined using a standard lamp rated at 10,000 hours and a standard ballast rated at
40,000. Lives of lamps and ballasts with rated lives other than 10,000 hours and 40,000 hours, respectively,
were determined by factoring off the values displayed above.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
B. Lamp and Ballast O & M Cost Assumptions
EVT Code/
Name
(Setting)2
Baseline
Measure3
Comp 15
6
LFHHDMHN
Exterior
LFHCEFIX
Exterior Entry
LFHCRFIX
Interior Hall
LFHLRT08
Corridor
LFHESLED
Exit Sign
LFHLRT08
Laundry
LFHCNFIX/
Exterior
LFHCNFIX/
Entry
LFHCRFIX/
Bath OH
LFHLFT08/
Bath Van
LFHLRT08/
Kitchen OH
LFHCRFIX/
Kitchen Task
LFHCRFIX/
Living Rm
LFHCRFIX/
Dining Area
LFHCRFIX/
Bedroom
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
Life
0.5 yr
(2000)
0.17 yr
(750)
0.09 yr
(750)
2.74 yr
(24,000)
0.23 yr
(2000)
6.00 yr
(24,000)
0.91 yr
(10000)
1.00 yr
(1000)
0.83 yr
(750)
1.10 yr
(1000)
0.5 yr
(1000)
1.00 yr
(1000)
0.61 yr
(1000)
0.55 yr
(1000)
1.10 yr
(1000)
Efficient
Comp 2
Comp 1
7
Cost
$15
Life
N/A
Cost
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$10
5.84 yr
(48,000)
N/A
$10
$10
$10
Measure4
N/A
$3
12.00 yr
(48,000)
N/A
$20
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$16
N/A
N/A
$10
N/A
N/A
$3
N/A
N/A
$6
N/A
N/A
$6
N/A
N/A
$6
N/A
N/A
Life
2.28 yr
(10,000)
2.74 yr
(12,000)
1.64 yr
(14,400)
2.74 yr
(24,000)
57.08 yr
(500,000)
6.00 yr
(24,000)
6.93 yr
(7,000)
5.00 yr
(5,000)
6.63 yr
(6,000)
11.05 yr
(10,000)
9.5 yr
(19,000)
6.00 yr
(6,000)
6.6 yr
(10,800)
6.25 yr
(11,400)
6.63 yr
(6,000)
Comp 2
Cost
$37
$14
$6
$6
$50
$6
$5
$5
$6
$11
$6
$6
$6
$6
$6
Life
9.13 yr
(40,000)
10.96 yr
(48,000)
5.48 yr
(48,000)
9.59 yr
(84,000)
N/A
Cost
$127
21.00 yr
(84,000)
25.57 yr
(28,000)
20.00 yr
(20,000)
22.09 yr
(20,000)
38.67 yr
(35,000)
33.25 yr
(66,500)
20.00 yr
(20,000)
22.02 yr
(36,000)
28.82 yr
(38,000)
22.09 yr
(20,000)
$35
Refers to the EVT measure code and measure description/name. (F) refers to family facility. (E) refers
to elderly facility. No notation indicates the measure applies to both family and elderly facilities.
Refers to the measure to be replaced.
Refers to the efficient product being introduced.
Component 1 refers to the lamp of the respective measure. Component 2 refers to the ballast of the
respective measure.
Refers to the life of the indicated component. Life in years (life in hours).
Refers to the cost of the indicated component. Costs are based on REEP project experience and
research at area lighting suppliers. Costs include installation labor charges: $2.67 per lamp
replacement and $12.50 per ballast replacement consistent with REEP project reporting.
123
$23
$29
$35
N\A
$18
$18
$29
$46
$35
$29
$29
$29
$29
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
CFL Lighting Package Reinstall
Measure Number: III-A-3-a (Low Income Multifamily Program (REEP), Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
10/31/01
12/01/01
TBD
Referenced Documents: none
Description
A three-lamp CFL lighting kit is offered to tenants in buildings that have been served by REEP.
Lighting kits coupons are provided by the property manager to new tenants who send coupons in to
program staff. Two lighting kits are available: bright lighting kit and variety lighting kit. The variety
lighting kit is designed for normal household use. The bright lighting kit is designed for use in elderly
housing or in other applications where brighter lighting is required.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Variety Kit
Bright Kit
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
.1989
.2295
Average number of measures per
year
50
100
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
9.9
22.9
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 198.9 (variety kit)
kWh = 229.5 (bright kit)
Demand Savings
kW = .1362 (variety kit)
kW = .1572 (bright kit)
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = annual hours of use per year
HOURS = 1372126
ISR
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
ISR
= .9
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline efficiency is an incandescent lamp. For the variety lighting kit 127, incandescent bulbs with the
following wattages are assumed to be baseline: 60, 75 and 85. For the bright lighting kit, three 85-watt
incandescent bulbs are assumed to be baseline.
High Efficiency
The High efficiency is a CFL lamp. Each measure includes three lamps. The variety lighting kit includes
one lamp at each wattage: 15, 20 and 23. The bright lighting kit includes three 85-watt CFLs.
126
Annual hours of use per year based on 3.76 hours of use per day. Daily usage based on REEP project reporting for
CFL direct install measure. This use rate is based on the assumption that CFL re-install will go into same locations.
127 The variety lighting kit comes with 3 CFLs with wattages: 15, 20 and 23. These lamps are assumed to replace
incandescent bulbs with the following wattages respectively: 60, 75, 85.
124
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Operating Hours
1372 hours per year,
3.76 hours per day
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential #1 28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
27.7%
Peak as % of connected kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
23%
12%
22%
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6.2 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime based on life of CFL. CFL life is rated by hours of
use per day. (See table below)
Measure Cost
The cost for the variety kit is $20.48 and $25.48128.
The cost for the bright kit is $21.48 and $26.48.
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.81. (See reference table
below.)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
128
Two costs are give for each kit for two levels of incentive. The first cost listed for each kit is the cost of the measure
and shipping. The second cost listed for each kit include a five dollar incentive paid to the building manager for each
unit registered in the program. This five-dollar incentive is included in program design to encourage property
managers who would otherwise have no incentive to inform tenant of the program.
125
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
A. Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Note:
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
The values above are determined using a standard lamp rated at 10,000 hours. Lives of lamps with rated
lives other than 10,000 hours were determined by factoring off the values displayed above.
B. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Variety Kit
Lamps (3)
Bright Kit
Lamps (3)
129
Efficient Measures
Cost
Life129
$16.25
6.2 years
$17.25
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.50
Life
0.7 years
$1.50
0.7 years
6.2 years
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
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Clothes Washing End Use
Clothes Dryer
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: III-B-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Clothes Washing End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
1/12/00
9/5/01
TBD
EVT Measure Codes: OTFYNPROP; OTFYNNGAS
Description
Install commercial-grade propane- or natural gas-fired clothes dryer instead of electric clothes dryer in
central on-site laundry facility. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track.
Incremental Cost per Dryer
Incremental cost per dryer is $375 (including cost of gas hook-up). This estimate is based on REEP
judgement informed by past experience.
Algorithms
Energy Savings130
kWh = 942 kWh
MMBtu = -3.38 MMBtu 131 (negative indicates increase in fuel consumption)
Demand Savings
kW = 4.5 kW132 (max kW per REEP project screening)
Where:
kWh
942
MMBtu
-3.38
kW
4.5
= weighted average133 annual kWh savings per dryer per residential unit
= weighted average customer kWh savings per dryer per residential unit for measure
= weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per dryer per residential unit in MMBtu (million
Btu)
= weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel increase per dryer per residential unit for
measure
= weighted average connected load kW savings per dryer
= weighted average customer kW savings per dryer for measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is an electric dryer used in conjunction with a standard top-loading clothes washer.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a propane or natural gas dryer used in conjunction with a standard top-loading clothes
washer.
130
Savings are per dryer per residential unit, so that if dryer serves two residential units, savings are doubled; if dryer
serves three residential units, savings are tripled. Savings are for heating only – see footnote 4 below.
131 Assumes 95% combustion efficiency for gas dryer (per 6/01 agreement between EVT and DPS) and 100%
efficiency for electric dryer.
132 Considers only demand savings related to heating as fuel switch is directly related to heat production. Energy used
to power motor for tumbling is assumed to remain constant between similar models using different heating fuels.
Assumption based on REEP project reporting 2000-2001.
133 Weighted average of occupancy type (74% family and 26% elderly) based on REEP project experience.
127
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Washer #9
34.2%
3.7%
42.0%
20.1%
7.3%
5.4%
6.1%
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool clothes washing load shape #9.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
14 years (same as for clothes washers in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is 30 years (fuel switch).
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
ENERGY STAR Commercial Clothes Washer
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: III-B-2-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Clothes Washing End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 25
1/1/04
TBD
EVT Measure Code: CKLCWASH
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
Description
Install in central onsite laundry facility a commercial-grade clothes washer meeting minimum qualifying
efficiency standards established under ENERGY STAR Program with an MEF >=1.42. Measure applies to
multifamily prescriptive Comprehensive Track.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh
=
NumUnits  kWhsave / NumWashers
Where:
kWh
NumUnits
kWhsave
NumWashers
= gross annual customer kWh savings per clothes washer for the measure
= number of residential units served by the central laundry facility
= annual customer kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a top-loading commercial-grade clothes washer.
High Efficiency
High-efficiency is defined as any commercial-grade clothes washer meeting Energy Star standards –
currently with an MEF of at least 1.42 or higher. EVT’s energy and water savings estimates are based on
the weighted average MEF factor for Energy Star qualifying models based on the residential models
rebated during the previous calendar year. This is presumed to be a conservative estimate because the
commercial-grade washers meeting Energy Star standards that are on the market have a higher average
MEF than the Residential-grade washers meeting Energy Star standards that are on the market.
Operating Cycles
271 clothes washer cycles / year 134
Loadshape
Loadshape #9, Residential Clothes Washing, Vermont State Screening Tool.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
134
Weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year. Based on average washer cycles per year by household
size from U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for
Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000. Page 7-6, and on U.S. Census data on distribution of
household sizes in renter-occupied multi-family housing. See file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
14 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $750 per clothes washer, based on prior REEP project reporting
2000-2001.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtu =
NumUnits  MMBtusave. / NumWashers
Where:
MMBtu
NumUnits
MMBtusave
NumWashers
= gross annual fossil fuel energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu) per clothes washer for
the measure
= number of residential units served by the central laundry facility
= annual customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure from
reference table below
= total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility
Water Descriptions
CCF
=
NumUnits  4.3 / NumWashers
Where:
CCF
NumUnits
4.3135
NumWashers
= annual customer water savings per clothes washer in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet)
= number of residential units served by the central laundry facility
= annual customer water savings per clothes washer per residential unit for the measure,
in CCF (hundreds of cubic feet)
= total number of clothes washers in central laundry facility
Reference Tables
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater and Dryer Fuel Type
Per Unit Savings
Dryer/DHW Fuel Combo
Electric Dryer/Electric DHW
Electric Dryer/Propane DHW
kWh
305
139
MMBTU
Oil
0.00
0.00
135
MMBTU MMBTU
Propane Natural Gas
0.00
0.00
0.71
0.00
Water savings based on weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year and average MEF of 1.72. See file
2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Electric Dryer/Natural Gas DHW
139
0.00
0.00
0.71
Electric Dryer/Oil DHW
139
0.71
0.00
0.00
Propane Dryer/Electric DHW
202
0.00
0.35
0.00
Propane Dryer/Propane DHW
36
0.00
1.06
0.00
Propane Dryer/Oil DHW
36
1.06
0.00
0.00
Natural Gas Dryer/Electric DHW
202
0.00
0.00
0.35
Natural Gas Dryer/Natural Gas DHW
36
0.00
0.00
1.06
Natural Gas Dryer/Oil DHW
36.35
1.06
0.00
0.00
Savings based on weighted average of 271 clothes washer cycles per year and average MEF of 1.72. See
file 2004_MFCW_savings_analysis.xls.
Where dryer and DHW use different fossil fuels, savings are combined under the DHW fossil fuel because
a single measure can generally only have one fuel type for screening purposes.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: III-C-1-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls
Description
Install refrigerators that meet ENERGY STAR efficiency standards. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive
track.
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW
= (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  HOURS
kWh
= 0.0171*5000=85.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting ENERGY STAR standards as of January 1, 2004
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
132
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $50.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
133
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Vending Miser for Soft Drink Vending Machines
Measure Number: III-C-2-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Description
The VendingMiser is an energy control device for refrigerated vending machines. Using an occupancy
sensor, during times of inactivity the Vending Miser turns off the machine’s lights and duty cycles the
compressor based on the ambient air temperature. The Vending Miser is applicable for conditioned indoor
installations.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 1,635
Where:
kWh
1,635
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= 120 Volts x 3.56 Amps x 0.95 Power factor x 8760 hours x 46% savings / 1000
3.56 Amps = Average Ampere loading of 44 sampled indoor vending machines, by Bayview Tech.
46%
= Savings based on average of 6 different independent lab tests of VendingMiser.
Demand Savings
N/A
Waste Heat Adjustment
N/A
Baseline Efficiencies
The Baseline is a soft-drink vending machine without a VendingMiser device (typical usage of 3555 kWh).
Operating Hours
8760 hrs per year, or 24 hrs per day, 365 days per year
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated demand
savings kW (CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Vending Miser
#43
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
6.6%
26.5%
9.6%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
57.3%
0%
0%
0%
Source: Loadshape for savings occurring from 8 PM to 6 AM, seven days a week, 12 months per year (percentages
calculated in spreadsheet file named <Vending_miser_loadshape_calc.xls>).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is 66.6%.
134
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Installed Cost
$160136
Operation and Maintenance Savings
N/A
Lifetime
Engineering measure life is 15 years.
Adjusted measure lifetime with persistence is 10 years.
136
Price quoted from manufacturer.
135
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Ventilation End Use
Ventilation Fan
Measure Number: III-E-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Ventilation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Code: VNTXCEIL
Description
Efficient ventilation fan. Measure applies to REEP prescriptive track.
Incremental Cost per Unit
Incremental cost per installed fan is $110, the same incremental cost used in other Efficiency Vermont
programs.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 169 kWh per fan
Demand Savings
kW = 0.06 kW
Where:
kWh
169
kW
0.06
fan)
= weighted average annual kWh savings per ventilation fan
= annual customer kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program
= weighted average connected load kW savings per ventilation fan
= customer kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 watts).
High Efficiency
High efficiency ventilation fan (20 watts).
Operating Hours
2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Ventilation
22.1% 11.1%
31.8%
35.0%
#10
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
136
Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lifetime
10 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
137
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Space Heating End Use
Heating System
Version Date & Revision History
Measure Number: III-F-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Space Heating End Use)
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
1/12/00
9/5/01
TBD
EVT Measure Code: SHRBFOIL; SHRBNGAS; SHRBPROP
Description
Install high-efficiency boiler(s) and controls that optimize boiler performance. Measure applies to REEP
prescriptive track..
Incremental Cost per Unit
Incremental cost per residential unit for a central high-efficiency boiler is $134. This assumption is based
on analysis of historic REEP data. It reflects the fact that the average REEP project averages more than
residential unit per boiler.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Fossil fuel savings will be calculated as part of the Energy Star Rating process. Pump electrical savings
from higher efficiency unit are assumed to be negated by longer running cycles of a properly sized system.
Demand Savings
Not applicable
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Mid-efficiency boiler
High Efficiency
High-efficiency boiler, with smart controls
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
138
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Thermal Shell Upgrades
Measure Number: III-F-2-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Installation of shell materials with higher insulating properties than baseline. Measures apply to REEP
prescriptive track.
Incremental Costs per Residential Unit
EVT
Measure
Code
TSHWINDO
TSHWINDO
TSHAIRSL
TSHNACWL
TSHNFNDE
TSHNACWL
TSHNACWL
High Efficiency Measure
New
Construction
Low-E argon windows with Warmedge spacers
Low-E storms on retained single pane windows
Air sealing detailing
Inspected cellulose in all attic flats
Basement insulation and slab edge detailing
Dense pack or wet spray cellulose in walls
Install 1” of rigid foam insulation on sloped
ceilings
Total Incremental Cost
Rehabilit
ation
$30
$50
$50
$10
$140
$120
$50
$50
$25
$100
$25
$370
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Savings will be calculated as part of the Energy Star Rating process.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline
Low-e windows
Double pane windows
Single-pane windows w/ poor quality storm retained
Minimal air sealing detailing
Inspection of attic flat insulation
Basement insulation
Slab edge detailing
Fiberglass batt insulation in walls
Fiberglass batt insulation in sloped ceilings
139
New Construction
X
X
Rehabilitation
X
X
X
X
X
X
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
High Efficiency
High Efficiency Measure
Low-E argon windows
Low-E storms (on retained weather-sealed windows)
Air sealing detailing
Inspected cellulose in all attic flats
Basement insulation
Slab edge detailing
Dense pack or wet spray cellulose in walls
Install 1” of rigid foam insulation on sloped ceilings
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
25 years, as used in Residential New Construction Program.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
140
New Construction
X
X
X
X
X
Rehabilitation
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Air Conditioning End Use
Energy Star Air Conditioner
Measure Number: III-G-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Air Conditioning End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: www.energystar.gov; www.ari.org
Description
Room air conditioners with an output less than or equal to 18,000Btu meeting minimum qualifying
efficiency established by Energy Star Program.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.07260
Average number of measures per
year
15137
Gross MWH savings per year
1.089
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 72.61
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = .145224
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
.927832 = baseline connected load kW
.782608 = efficient connected load kW
500
= annual full load hours
.145224 = gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. (EER 9.7 for sizes included in
measure)138
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards (EER 11.5 for sizes included in
measure)139
Operating Hours
500 operating hours yearly. 140
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
137
Estimate based on REEP program forecasting.
Energy Star Data.(standard applied October 1, 2000). www.energystar.gov
139 Id.
140 Actual operating hours based on Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute data for Vermont. www.ari.org
Operating hours (500/yr) determined by ARI are considered to be high for typical families in Vermont. However, this
estimate is realistic for residencies in the REEP program given health and age issues.
138
141
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
60%
0%
Residential
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
50.0%
0%
A/C #11
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$40141
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
141
APT study of retailers knowledgeable about the energy star program.
142
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Hot Water End Use
Water Conservation
Measure Number: III-D-1-b (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Codes: HWESHOWR; HWEFAUCT
Description
Measures apply to REEP prescriptive track. Lowest-flow aerators and showerheads possible used, as
follows:
Baseline
(gpm)
2.35
2.35
2.65
142
Bathroom faucet aerator
Kitchen faucet aerator
Showerhead
Non-Circulating DHW System
(gpm)
1.5
2.0
2.0
Circulating DHW System
(gpm)
0.5
1.5
2.0
Incremental Cost per Unit
There is no incremental cost for installing lower-flow rate aerators and showerheads.
Algorithms
Energy Savings143
MMBtu = 1.9 MMBtu (weighted average from REEP historical projects)
Demand Savings
Where:
MMBtu
1.9
= weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the
measure
Water Savings144
CCF = 9.1 CCF (weighted average from REEP historical projects)
Where:
CCF
9.1
= weighted average annual water savings per residential unit in CCF
(hundreds of cubic feet)
= weighted average customer annual water savings per residential unit for measure
142
Based on weighted averages determined through REEP project reporting. 50% of systems meet 1992 Federal
aerator and faucet standards (<2.2 gpm for lavatory and kitchen faucets and <2.5 gpm for showerheads) and 50% of
baseline systems not meeting the 1992 standards and therefore at Federal standard +0.3 gpm as per REEP project
reporting.
143 Based on weighted average of type of DHW system (50% circulating and 50% non-circulating) systems and
occupancy type (74% family and 26% elderly). Savings for circulating systems are identical, in BTU terms, to savings
assumptions used for RNC and LISF programs. Savings for non-circulating systems are assumed to be higher since
much lower gallon-per-minute faucet aerators are used with such systems. See worksheet “REEPprescriptive
assumptionsv5.xls”.
144 Ibid.
143
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline conditions are the standard flow rates typically specified in new construction projects.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a lower flow aerator or showerhead than typically specified, with specific flow rate
dependent on DHW system.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW programs (Default):
Winter
Peak
Residential
DHW Conserve
#8
28.4%
% of annual kWh
Winter
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak
3.1%
46.5%
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW programs:
Winter
Peak
Controlled
DHW Conserve
#54
28.4%
% of annual kWh
Winter
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak
3.1%
46.5%
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
144
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Domestic Hot Water System
Measure Number: III-D-2-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/12/00
Effective date: 9/5/01
End date:
TBD
EVT Measure Codes: HWRNFOIL; HWRNNGAS; HWRNPROP
Description
Install efficient indirect-fired water heating off high-efficiency boiler. Measure applies to REEP
prescriptive track.
Incremental Costs per Unit
Average incremental cost is $77 per residential unit for an efficient central domestic hot water system.
This is based on an analysis of REEP historical data.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
MMBtu = 1.43 MMBtu
Demand Savings145
Not applicable
Where:
MMBtu = weighted average fossil fuel energy savings per residential unit in MMBtu (million Btu)
1.43
= weighted average customer MMBtu of fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies
Central mid-efficiency stand alone DHW system.
High Efficiency
Indirect-fired off high-efficiency boiler.
Operating Hours
Not applicable
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Not applicable
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetime
15 years Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: III-D-5-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
145
Savings based on REEP historical data.
145
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing or proposed showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with a new low flow showerhead.
Algorithms
Water Savings
CCF = (FLOWbase - FLOWeffic)* MIN * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748)
Where:
CCF
FLOWbase
FLOWeffic
MIN
BR
365
748
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= flow rate in gallons per minute of baseline showerhead
= flow rate in gallons per minute of efficient showerhead
= the number of minutes of shower use per adjusted number of bedrooms per day
(default is 2.5 minutes for family housing and 1.5 minutes for elderly housing)
= number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero
bedrooms)
= number of days per year
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
Energy Savings
kWh = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (1/3413) * FLAG
MMBtu = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (10-6) * (1-FLAG)
Where:
kWh
CCF
8.33
748
DT

3413
FLAG
MMBtu
10-6
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= energy content of water (Btu/gallon/°F)
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
= average difference in temperature between cold intake water and shower water
(default is 105°F minus 55°F = 50°F)
= Domestic Hot Water system efficiency
= conversion factor from kWh to Btus (Btu/kWh)
= 1 if domestic hot water system is electric; 0 otherwise
= annual MMBtu fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure
= conversion factor from Btus to MMBtus (MMBtu/Btu)
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / HOURS
Where:
kW
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= annual full load hours (equals 3427)
146
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing or proposed showerhead with a high flow. In new construction
projects, the baseline condition is assumed to be a showerhead with a rated flow of 2.5 gpm – the maximum
allowable under EPAct.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Operating Hours
3427 annual full load hours for electric water heaters per the standard Residential DHW Conservation
loadshape.
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
conserve (#8)
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for low-flow showerheads is presumed to be zero for new construction or major rehab
projects, and $15 for retrofit applications.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See above under Energy Savings
147
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: III-D-6-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio No. 17
1/1/03
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing or proposed faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with a new low flow rate faucet
aerator.
Algorithms
Water Savings
CCF = (FLOWbase - FLOWeffic) * VMIN * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748)
Where:
CCF
FLOWbase
FLOWeffic
VMIN
BR
365
748
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= flow rate in gallons per minute of baseline faucet aerator
= flow rate in gallons per minute of efficient faucet aerator
= the number of minutes of faucet use per adjusted number of bedrooms per day
(default is 1.5 minutes for kitchen faucets and 0.75 minutes for bathroom faucets)
= number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero
bedrooms)
= number of days per year
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
Energy Savings
kWh = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (1/3413) * FLAG
MMBtu = CCF * 8.33 * 748 * DT * (1/) * (10-6) * (1-FLAG)
Where:
kWh
CCF
8.33
748
DT

3413
FLAG
MMBtu
10-6
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= energy content of water (Btu/gallon/°F)
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
= average difference in temperature between cold intake water and faucet water
(default is 80°F minus 55°F = 25°F)
= Domestic Hot Water system efficiency
= conversion factor from kWh to Btus (Btu/kWh)
= 1 if domestic hot water system is electric; 0 otherwise
= annual MMBtu fossil fuel savings per residential unit for the measure
= conversion factor from Btus to MMBtus (MMBtu/Btu)
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / HOURS
Where:
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
kW
148
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer annual kWh savings per residential unit for the measure
= annual full load hours (equals 3427)
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing or proposed faucet aerator with a high flow. In new construction and
major rehab projects projects, the baseline condition is assumed to be a faucet aerator with a rated flow of
2.2 gpm – the maximum allowable under EPAct.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow faucet aerator.
Operating Hours
N/A
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW
savings (CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Peak Off-Peak Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
28.4%
DHW
conserve (#8)
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for low-flow faucet aerators is presumed to be zero for new construction or major
rehab projects, and $10 for retrofit applications.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See above under Energy Savings
149
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Water Conservation End Use
Toilet Diverter
Measure Number: III-H-1-a (Low Income Multifamily Program, Water Conservation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio No. 15
1/1/03
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing toilet is fitted with a toilet diverter to increase water flow to the tank and reduce water flow to
the bowl during the flush.
Algorithms
Water Savings
CCF = FLUSHGAL * REDUCE * FLUSHES * (BR+1) * 365 * (1/748)
Where:
CCF
FLUSHGAL
REDUCE
FLUSHES
BR
365
748
= customer annual water savings per residential unit in hundreds of cubic feet for
the measure
= gallons of water per flush
= percent reduction (10% for 1.6 gpf, 20% for 3.0 gpf, 35% for greater than 3.0
gpf)
= the number of flushes per adjusted number of bedrooms per day (default is 5)
= number of bedrooms per residential unit (assume efficiency units have zero
bedrooms)
= number of days per year
= conversion factor from CCF to gallons (gal/CCF)
Energy Savings
There are no electric or fossil fuel savings with this measure.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing toilet without a toilet diverter.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a toilet with a toilet diverter installed.
Operating Hours
N/A
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
N/A
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
150
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for toilet diverters is presumed to be $5.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See above under Energy Savings
151
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Efficient Products Program
Clothes Washing End Use
ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer
Measure Number: IV-A-1-g (Efficient Products Program, Clothes Washing End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 2004a_CW_savings_analysis.xls;
Description
Clothes washer meeting minimum qualifying efficiency standards established under Energy Star Program
with an MEF >=1.42.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
0.254
Average number of measures per
year
3,500
Gross MWH savings per year
889
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 254146
Demand Savings
kW = 0.704
Where:
kWh
kW
MMBtuoil
MMBtugas
MMBtupropane
CCF
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= oil energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu)
= natural gas energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu)
= propane gas energy savings in MMBtu (million Btu
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline efficiency is determined according to the modified energy factor (MEF) that takes into
account the energy and water required per clothes washer cycle, including energy required by the clothes
dryer per clothes washer cycle. The baseline MEF is 1.04.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards – currently with an MEF of at least
1.42 or higher. EVT’s energy and water savings estimates are based on the weighted average MEF factor
for Energy Star qualifying models based on the models rebated during the previous calendar year.
Operating Cycles
379 clothes washer cycles / year 147
146
Energy and water savings estimate is based on an analysis provided by U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule
Technical Support Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers,
December, 2000 and the weighted MEF factors for clothes washers rebated by EVT in 2003 >=1.42.
147 Weighted average of 379 clothes washer cycles per year. U.S. Department of Energy, Final Rule Technical Support
Document (TSD): Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Clothes Washers, December, 2000. Page 7-5.
152
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Loadshape
Loadshape #9, Residential Clothes Washing, Vermont State Screening Tool.
Freeridership
5%148
Spillover
20%149
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
14 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $270
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $50.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtuoil =
0.28
MMBtunatgas = 0.07
MMBtupropane = 0.17
Water Descriptions
CCF=5.9
Reference Tables
148
149
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
153
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater and Dryer Fuel Type
Adjusted
Per Unit
Savings
MMBTU
MMBTU
MMBTU
Dryer/DHW Fuel Combo
Frequency
kWh
Oil
Natural Gas
Propane
DHW Type
Electric DHW
38.7%
282
Natural Gas DHW
5.9%
51
0.99
Propane DHW
14.0%
51
0.99
Oil DHW
27.7%
51
0.99
Other DHW
13.7%
51
DHW Totals
100.0%
140
0.27
0.06
0.14
Dryer Type
Electric Dryer
79.3%
143
Natural Gas Dryer
3.0%
0.49
Propane Dryer
7.2%
0.49
Oil Dryer
0.1%
0.49
Other Dryer
10.3%
Dryer Totals
100.0%
114
0.00
0.01
0.04
Weighted Avg Total Savings
254
0.28
0.07
0.17
1) This revised summary table reflects assigning all the data entries of "Blank", "Don't Know" for DHW
type or CD type with the same distribution of fuel types for the rebated homes with a complete data set.
Data sets that were partially complete, were included, with the unspecified other half assigned the surrogate
fuel type percentage. 2) EVT proposes to change the rebate form for 2004 to capture "No Dryer" as an
option and revise "Nat gas" to "Gas", thereby capturing natural gas and propane customers. EVT proposes
to use the DPS Fuel Wood study as the basis for subsequent allocation of the "Gas" category into "Propane"
and "Nat Gas"
154
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: IV-B-1-e (Efficient Products Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 23
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls,
Description
An Energy Star-qualifying refrigerator replaces a refrigerator of baseline efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0855
Average number of measures per
year
1,500
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
128.25
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW
= (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  HOURS
kWh
= 0.0171*5000=85.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a refrigerator meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for refrigerator
efficiency.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency level is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for efficiency established
January 1, 2004
Operating Hours
5000 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
155
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership
33%150
Spillover
33%151
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $25.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
150
The 33% freerider rate assumes that after the rebate is made available the market share in VT will increase to 30%
for E-Star refrigerators.
151 The estimated spillover rate of 33% is consistent with both past Efficiency Vermont experience for clothes washers
and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash
rebate coupons-
156
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
ENERGY STAR Freezer
Measure Number: IV-B-2-a (Efficient Products Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 25
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a) 2003 D&R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet, b) 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate
Description
An ENERGY STAR qualifying residential freezer replaces a freezer of baseline efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0567
Average number of measures per
year
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
1.42
Algorithms
Demand Savings152
kW
= (kWBASE – kWEE) * ISR
kW
= (0.0926-0.0813)*1 = 0.0113
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
kWh = 0.0113*5000 = 56.7
Where:
kW
kWBASE
kWEE
ISR
kWh
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a residential freezer meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for freezer
efficiency.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency level is a freezer meeting ENERGY STAR specifications for efficiency established
January 1, 2004153
Operating Hours
5000 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
33%154
152
E-Star freezers currently are not available in Vermont. As such, calculations are based on 2001 national AHAM
shipment data for standard freezers with weighted average savings for ENERGY STAR chest and upright models.
Sources: a) 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate.xls, b) 2003 D& R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet.
153 2003 Freezer kWh Estimate.xls
157
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Spillover
33%155
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
16 years156
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30157.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $25.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
In Service Rate (ISR): 1.0
154
Equivalent to freerider rate for Energy Star Refrigerators.
The estimated spillover rate of 33% is consistent with both past Efficiency Vermont experience for clothes washers
and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding the number of customers who do not cash
rebate coupons.
156 Source: 2003 D&R Int. Freezer Fact Sheet
157 Source: Personal communication from Matt Frank, Director of Retail Sales, W.C. Wood. 8/6/03
155
158
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Dishwashing End Use
Energy Star Dish Washer
Measure Number: IV-C-1-d (Efficient Products Program, Dishwashing End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 17
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a)EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls
Description
A dishwasher meeting Energy Star efficiency specifications replaces a non-Energy Star model.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0686
Average number of measures per
year
0
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= 0.0318
Energy Savings
kWh = 68.6
Where:
kWh158
kW159
MMBtuoil
MMBtugas
MMBtupropane
CCF
= the weighted average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency
(see Table below)
= weighted average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency
= the weighted average customer MMBtu (million Btu)of oil savings from
upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of natural gas energy savings (see
Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of propane energy savings (see Table
below
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet from upgrading to high
efficiency160
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum federal efficiency standards for dishwashers effective January 1, 2001.
High Efficiency
High Efficiency is an Energy Star dishwasher meeting specifications of the Energy Star program effective
January 1, 2001.
Operating Hours
No specific assumed hours for dishwasher usage exist.161 Screening of measure uses load shape for
residential water conservation measures. This load shape has full load hours assumed at 3,427 hours
annually.
158
Energy savings based assumption based on EVT analysis (2002) of models meeting Energy Star specifications (see
EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls). Savings assumption amended based on distribution of DHW fuel types observed
during program year 2001 and DOE estimated 18% reduction in cycles per year from 322 to 264 .
159 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening
Tool.
160 Based on CEE estimate of savings. Agreed to by DPS in negotiations on EVT TRB goal (September 2000).
159
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
Conserve(#8)
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
13 years.162
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $27.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtuoil = 0.09
MMBtunatgas = 0.10
Water Descriptions
CCF=0.18163
Reference Tables
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater Fuel Type for EPP Energy Star Dishwashers 164
Adjusted
Per Unit Savings
DHW Fuel Type
Frequency
kWh
MMBTU Oil
MMBTU MMBTU Propane
Gas
Electric DHW
43.6%
113.3
0.00
0.00
0.00
Oil DHW
26.9%
34
0.35
0.00
0.00
Gas DHW
29.5%
34
0.00
0.35
0.00
Propane DHW
0.00%
34
0.00
0.00
0.35
weighted average
68.6
0.09
0.10
0.00
161
As of June 17, 2002 the Department of Energy revised the estimated cycles per year from 322 to 264, a decrease of
approximately 18%.
162 Koomey, Jonathan et al. (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab), Projected Regional Impacts of Appliance Efficiency
Standards for the U.S. Residential Sector, February 1998.
163 Assumes 0.5 gal less water use per cycle and 264 cycles per year (RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update,
Final Report for National Grid USA, June 28, 2000)
164 Source: EPP_ES.DW.kWh.2002rev.xls
160
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Air Conditioning End Use
Energy Star Room Air Conditioner
Measure Number: IV-D-1-c (Efficient Products Program, Air Conditioning End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: www.energystar.gov; www.ari.org; EPP_AC_savings_6_2002.xls
Description
Room air conditioners with an output less than or equal to 18,000Btu meeting minimum qualifying
efficiency established by Energy Star Program.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH
Savings per unit
Residential
.0396
Commercial
.1057
Average number of measures
per year
650
0
Gross MWH savings per
year
25.74
0
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Residential:
kWh = 39.6
Commercial:
kWh = 105.7
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = .1057
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWbase = baseline connected load kW
1.0282 = kWbase
kWeffic = efficient connected load kW
0.9225 = kWeffic
HOURS = annual full load hours
375165 = Residential HOURS
1000166 = Commercial HOURS
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
.1057 = kW
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current minimum federal efficiency standard. (average EER 9.7 for sizes
included in measure)167
165
ARI data indicates 500 full load hours for A/C use in Vermont. VEIC experience in other states suggests that ARI
estimates for A/C use tend to be overstated. In an effort to compensate for this overstatement, Efficiency Vermont
applied a .75 multiplier to the ARI estimate in determining residential A/C hours of use.
166 FLH for commercial applications consistent with loadshape #15 from Vermont State Screening Tool.
167 Energy Star Data.(standard applied October 1, 2000). www.energystar.gov
161
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Commercial
0.3%
0.1%
51.8%
47.8%
0.3%
A/C #15a
Residential
0.0%
0.0%
50.0%
50.0%
0%
A/C #11
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes.
Summer
Fall/Spring
80%
40.2%
60%
0%
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model meeting Energy Star standards (average EER 11.5 for sizes
included in measure)168
Operating Hours
375 operating hours yearly for residential customers.
1000 operating hours yearly for commercial customers.
Freeridership
33%169
Spillover
33%170
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
13 years (same as DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$40171
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
168
Id.
The 33% freerider rate assumes that after the rebate is made available the market share in VT will increase to 30%
for E-Star room air conditioners. In the absence of any EVT efforts to promote E-Star room air conditioners the
market share would have been 10% (.10/.30=.33). The current VT market share is approximately 19%, however it is
assumed that this includes positive effects from longstanding EVT marketing and trade ally outreach. (D&R
International, 2001 Sales Data).
170 The estimated spillover rate of 33% for room air conditioners is consistent with past Efficiency Vermont experience
for large appliance items like clothes washers and qualitative reports from manufacturers and large retailers regarding
the number of customers who do not cash rebate coupons.
169
171
APT study of retailers knowledgeable about the energy star program.
162
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
163
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: IV-E-1-k (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 31
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
12/31/04
Referenced Documents: 1) 2005_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls
Description
An existing incandescent screw-in bulb is replaced with a lower wattage ENERGY STAR qualified
compact fluorescent screw-in bulb
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0442
0.2296
Average number of measures per
year
65,000
4,825
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
2,873.0
1107.8
Algorithms
Demand Savings172
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((Watts) /1000)  ISR  WHFd
= ((48.7) / 1000)  0.73)  1.0 = 0.0356
= ((81.3-22.7) / 1000)  1.0 )  1.4 = 0.0820
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS  WHFe / WHFd
= (0.0356  1241)  1.0 / 1.0 = 44.2
= ( 0.0820  3500)  1.12 / 1.4 = 229.6
Where:
Watts
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
WHFd
WHFe
= EVT and DPS October 2004 negotiated delta watts from WattsBASE – WattsEE
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 173
= Waste
heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and
Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the
increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added
to the summer peak savings.174
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
172
Assumed difference in wattage between installed CFL and the incandescent bulb it replaces. Based on EVT analysis
of CFLs rebated through Efficient Products Program.
173 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR in each application.
174 Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHF in each
d
application.
164
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 175 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. 176
HOURS
= average hours of use per year177
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  HF / 0.75
MMBTUWH (Residential) = (44.2 / 1)  0.003413  0.00 / 0.75 = 0.0
MMBTUWH (Commercial) = (229.6 / 1.12)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75 = 0.364
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
HF
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 178
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical for commercial.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR qualified compact fluorescent lamp.
Operating Hours
Residential: 1,241 hours / yearCommercial: 3,500 hours / year 179
Loadshape
Residential: Loadshape #1: Residential Indoor Lighting
Commercial: Loadshape #63: Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined lighting
and cooling loadshape
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHFe in each application.
177 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
178 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Heating factor
differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HF in each application.
179 Commercial hours of use based on standard hours of use for commercial indoor lighting from Vermont State Cost
Effectiveness Screening Tool.
175
176
165
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Light Bulbs/Lamps
LBLCFBLB
Compact
Fluorescent screwbase bulbs
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.94
1.25
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. Thus, CFLs rebated through this program are assumed to have
a life of 8,000 hours for residential applications (assumed average daily usage of 3.4 hours) and 12,000
hours for commercial applications (assumed daily usage of 9.6 hours). That translates to 6.4 years for
residential applications and 3.4 years for commercial applications.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $6
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $3
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings180
Residential
Commercial
$1.51
$3.28
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See Heating Increased Usage above.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
180
From VT State screening tool
166
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Hours of Use,In Use Rates, and Waste Heat Factors by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
WHFd
WHFe
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
1,241
0.73
1.0
1.0
Commercial
3,500181
1.0182
1.4
1.12
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$6.00
Life183
6.39
Cost
$0.50
Life
0.6
Commercial
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$6.00
Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
1
3,000
2
5,000
3
7,000
4
9,000
5
9,500
6
10,000
8
12,000
10
12,000
12
12,000
24
12,000
Baseline Measures
184
Life
3.42
Cost
$0.50
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
181
Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
Ibid.
183 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
184 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
182
167
Life
0.28
HF
0.0
0.39
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Torchiere
Measure Number: IV-E-3-i (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 31
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
12/31/04
Referenced Documents: 1) 2005_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls;
Description
A high efficiency ENERGY STAR fluorescent torchiere replaces a mix of halogen and incandescent
torchieres..
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1052
0.8624
Average number of
measures per year
4,000
300
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
420.8
258.7
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW = ((((Watts) /1000)  ISR  WHFd
kW(Residential) = ((115.8)/1000)  0.83)  1.0 = 0.0961
kW(Commercial) =((284.2-64.2)/1000)  1.0)  1.4 = 0.3080
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS  WHFe / WHFd
= (0.0961  1095)  1.0 / 1.0 = 105.2
= (0.3080  3500)  1.12 / 1.4= 862.4
Where:
Watts
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
WHFd
WHFe
HOURS
= EVT and DPS October 2004 negotiated delta watts from WattsBASE – WattsEE
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= In service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used185
= Waste
heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and
Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the
increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added
to the summer peak savings.186
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 187 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. 188
= average hours of use per year189
185
ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR in each application.
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHF d in each
application.
187 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
188 Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHF in each application.
e
189 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
186
168
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  HF / 0.75
MMBTUWH (Residential) = (105.2/ 1)  0.003413  0.00 / 0.75 = 0.0
MMBTUWH (Commercial) = (862.4 / 1.12)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75 = 1.367
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
HF
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 190
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical for commercial.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is halogen torchiere with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a ENERGY STAR torchiere designed for operation with pin-based CFLs.
Operating Hours
Residential: 1095 hours / year
Commercial: 3500191 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential:, Loadshape, #1: Residential Indoor Lighting
Commercial:, Loadshape #63: Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
Light Bulb/Lamps
LBLTORCH
Torchiere, Compact
Fluorescent
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.94
1.03
n/a
n/a
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Heating factor
differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HF in each application.
191 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
190
169
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Customer Credit
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
6015CC
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings192
Residential
Commercial
$2.70
$8.43
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See Heating Increased Usage above.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Hours of Use,In Use Rates, and Waste Heat Factors by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
WHFd
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
1,095
0.83193
1.0
194
Commercial
3,500
1.0195
1.4
WHFe
HF
1.0
1.12
0.0
0.39
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$7.50
Baseline Measures
Life196
6.39years
Cost
$6.00
Life
1.61 years
Commercial
192
From VT State screening tool
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
194 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
195 Ibid.
196 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
193
170
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$7.50
Baseline Measures
Life197
3.42 years
Cost
$6.00
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
197
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
171
Life
0.57 years
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Dedicated CF Table Lamps
Measure Number: IV-E-4-d (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 31
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
12/31/04
Referenced Documents: 1) 2005_lighting_wattage_EPP_Table Lamps.xls
Description
A table lamp dedicated to use with a compact fluorescent bulb replaces a table lamp with an incandescent
bulb.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Customer Class
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0439
0.1761
Average number of
measures per year
215
5
Algorithms
Demand Savings198
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((Watts) /1000)  ISR  WHFd
= ((48.7) / 1000)  0.95)  1.0 = 0.0463
= ((70.2-25.3) / 1000)  1.0)  1.4 = 0.0629
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS  WHFe / WHFd
= (0.0463  949)  1.0 / 1.0 = 43.9
= ( 0.0629  3500)  1.12 / 1.4 = 176.1
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
9.4
0.9
Where:
Watts
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
WHFd
WHFe
= EVT and DPS October 2004 Negotiated delta watts from WattsBASE – WattsEE
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 199
= Waste
heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and
Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the
increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added
to the summer peak savings.200
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 201 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. 202
198
Assumed difference in wattage between installed CFL and the incandescent bulb it replaces. Based on EVT analysis
of CFLs rebated through Efficient Products Program.
199 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR in each application.
200 Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHF in each
d
application.
201 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
172
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
HOURS
= average hours of use per year203
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  HF / 0.75
MMBTUWH (Residential) = (43.9 / 1)  0.003413  0.00 / 0.75 = 0.0
MMBTUWH (Commercial) = (176.1 / 1.12)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75 = 0.279
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
HF
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 204
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical for commercial.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects a table lamp with an incandescent bulb.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency reflects a table lamp that is dedicated for use with a plug-in compact fluorescent bulb.
These lamps are inoperable with an incandescent bulb.
Operating Hours
Residential: 949 hours / year
Commercial: 3500205 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential:, Loadshape, #1: Residential Indoor Lighting
Commercial:, Loadshape #63: Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
Light Bulb/Lamps
LBLTABLE
Table/Desk Lamp,
Compact
Fluorescent
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
202
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHFe in each application.
Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
204 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Heating factor
differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HF in each application.
205 Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
203
173
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Customer Credit
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
6015CC
n/a
n/a
0.92
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.04
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20.206
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings207
Residential
Commercial
$0.71
$2.59
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See Heating Increased Usage above.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Hours of Use, In Use Rates, and Waste Heat Factors by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
WHFd
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
949
0.95208
1.0
Commercial
3,500
1.0209
1.4
WHFe
HF
1.0
1.12
0.0
0.39
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$4.00
Baseline Measures
210
Life
6.6 years
Cost
$1.00
206
Life
0.97 years
Incremental cost based on analysis of materials needed for efficiency upgrade in similar lighting fixtures.
From VT State screening tool
208 Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
209 Ibid.
210 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
207
174
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Commercial
Efficient Measures
Component
Lamp
Cost
$4.00
Baseline Measures
Life211
3.42 years
Cost
$1.00
Life
0.29 years
Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
211
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
175
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Dedicated CF Floor Lamp
Measure Number: IV-E-7-c (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 31
1/1/04
12/31/04
Referenced Documents: 1) 2005_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls.
Description
An existing floor lamp with incandescent bulbs is replaced by a dedicated ENERGY STAR floor lamp
wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0438
0.1775
Average number of
measures per year
100
100
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
4.4
17.7
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((Watts) /1000)* ISR WHFd
= ((48.7 / 1000) * 0.95)  1.0 = 0.0462
= ((67.3-22.0) / 1000) * 1.0 )  1.4 = 0.0634
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS WHFe / WHFd
= (0.0462 * 949)  1.0 / 1.0 = 43.8
= (0.0634 * 3500)  1.12 / 1.4 = 177.5
Where:
Watts
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
WHFd
WHFe
= EVT and DPS October 2004 negotiated delta watts from WattsBASE – WattsEE
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 212
= Waste
heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and
Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the
increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added
to the summer peak savings.213
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
212
ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR in each application.
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHF d in each
application.
213
176
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 214 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. 215
HOURS
= average hours of use per year216
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  HF / 0.75
MMBTUWH (Residential) = (43.8 / 1)  0.003413  0.00 / 0.75 = 0.0
MMBTUWH (Commercial) = (177.5 / 1.12)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75 = 0.281
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
HF
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 217
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical for commercial.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior incandescent light.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an interior fluorescent fixture.
Operating Hours
Residential Applications: 949 hours / year
Commercial Applications: 3500218 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential:, Loadshape, #1: Residential Indoor Lighting
Commercial:, Loadshape #63: Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
Light Bulb/Lamps
LBLFLOOR
Floor Lamp,
Compact
Fluorescent
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHFe in each application.
216 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
217 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Heating factor
differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HF in each application.
218 Usage rates for commercial applications reflect agreement made between Efficiency Vermont and the VT
Department of Public Service during program year 2001.
214
215
177
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Customer Credit
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
6015CC
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.92
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.04
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings219
Residential
Commercial
$2.70
$8.43
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See Heating Increased Usage above.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Hours of Use, In Use Rates, and Waste Heat Factors by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
WHFd
WHFe
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
949220
0.95221
1.0
1.0
222
Commercial
3,500
1.0223
1.4
1.12
HF
0.0
0.39
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
219
From VT State screening tool for Torchieres.
221
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
223 Ibid.
222
178
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Efficient Measures
Cost
$7.50
Life224
6.6
Baseline Measures
Cost
$6.00
Life
1.61
Commercial Applications
Efficient Measures
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
Life225
3.42
Baseline Measures
Cost
$6.00
Life
0.57
Component
Lamp
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
Years
1
3,000
8.22
2
5,000
6.85
3
7,000
6.39
4
9,000
6.16
5
9,500
5.21
6
10,000
4.57
8
12,000
4.11
10
12,000
3.29
12
12,000
2.74
24
12,000
1.37
224
225
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
179
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Interior Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: IV-E-5-e (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 31
1/1/04
12/31/04
Referenced Documents: 1) 2005_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls
Description
An existing lighting fixture with incandescent bulbs is replaced by an ENERGY STAR lighting fixture
wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps in an interior setting.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0438
0.2114
Average number of
measures per year
7,180
362
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
314.5
76.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((Watts) /1000)  ISR  WHFd
= ((48.7/ 1000)  0.95)  1.0 = 0.0462
= ((78.8-24.9) / 1000)  1.0 )  1.4 = 0.0755
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS  WHFe / WHFd
= (0.0462  949)  1.0 / 1.0 = 43.8
= (0.0755  3500)  1.12 / 1.4 = 211.4
Where:
Watts
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
= EVT and DPS October 2004 negotiated delta watts from WattsBASE – WattsEE
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 226
WHFd
= Waste heat factor for demand to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting.
For a cooled space, the value is 1.40 (calculated as 1 + 1 / 2.5). Based on 2.5 COP
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one. The Winter and
Fall/Spring coincident factors in loadshape #63 have been decreased to offset the
increase in the kW due to the WHFd. Therefore, the cooling savings are only added
to the summer peak savings. 227
= Waste heat factor for energy to account for cooling savings from efficient lighting. For
WHFe
226
ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHF d in each
application.
227
180
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
a cooled space, the value is 1.12 (calculated as 1 + 0.29 / 2.5). Based on 0.29
ASHRAE Lighting waste heat cooling factor for Vermont 228 and 2.5 C.O.P. typical
cooling system efficiency. For an uncooled space, the value is one.229
HOURS
= average hours of use per year230
Waste Heat Adjustment
Cooling savings are incorporated into the electric savings algorithm with the waste heat factor (WHF). See
above.
Heating Increased Usage
MMBTUWH
= (kWh / WHFe)  0.003413  HF / 0.75
MMBTUWH (Residential) = (43.8 / 1)  0.003413  0.00 / 0.75 = 0.0
MMBTUWH (Commercial) = (211.4 / 1.12)  0.003413  0.39 / 0.75 = 0.335
Where:
MMBTUWH
= gross customer annual heating MMBTU fuel increased usage for the measure
from the reduction in lighting heat.
0.003413
= conversion from kWh to MMBTU
HF
= ASHRAE heating factor for lighting waste heat for Burlington, Vermont 231
0.75
= average heating system efficiency
Oil heating is assumed typical for commercial.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior incandescent light.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a interior fluorescent fixture.
Operating Hours
Residential Applications: 949 hours / year
Commercial Applications: 3500232 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential: Loadshape, #1 - Residential Indoor Lighting
Commercial: Loadshape #63 - Commercial Indoor Lighting with cooling bonus. This is a combined
lighting and cooling loadshape
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993
Waste heat factor differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for WHFe in each application.
230 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
231 From “Calculating lighting and HVAC interactions”, Table 1, ASHRAE Journal November 1993. Heating factor
differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HF in each application.
232 Usage rates for commercial applications reflect agreement made between Efficiency Vermont and the VT
Department of Public Service during program year 2001.
228
229
181
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHCNFIX
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Customer Credit
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
6015CC
Compact
Fluorescent Interior
Fixture
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.92
1.04
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Residential: 20 years.
Commercial: 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings233
Residential
Commercial
$0.35
$1.74
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
See Heating Increased Usage above.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
233
From VT State screening tool
182
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Hours of Use, In Use Rates, and Waste Heat Factors by Customer Type
Average
Average
Annual Hours
WHFd
In Use Rate
of Use
Residential
949
0.95234
1.0
235
Commercial
3,500
1.0236
1.4
WHFe
HF
1.0
1.12
0.0
0.39
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life237
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.6
$1.00
Ballast
$14.00
26.3
N/A
Life
1
N/A
Commercial Applications
Efficient Measures
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
Ballast
$14.00
Life
0.3
N/A
Life238
3.43
13.71
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
Years
1
3,000
8.22
2
5,000
6.85
3
7,000
6.39
4
9,000
6.16
5
9,500
5.21
6
10,000
4.57
8
12,000
4.11
10
12,000
3.29
12
12,000
2.74
24
12,000
1.37
234
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Same as in original DPS screening of Efficiency Utility program.
236 Ibid.
237 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
238 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
235
183
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: IV-E-6-f (Efficient Products Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 31
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a) 2005_lighting_wattage_EPP.xls
Description
An existing lighting fixture with incandescent bulbs is replaced by an ENERGY STAR lighting fixture
wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact fluorescent lamps in an exterior setting.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Commercial
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1353
0.1790
Average number of
measures per year
1,971
103
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
266.7
18.4
Algorithms
Demand Savings239
kW
kW(Residential)
kW(Commercial)
= ((Watts) /1000)* ISR
= ((94.7)/ 1000) * 0.87 = 0.0824
= ((82.1-23.6) / 1000) * 1.0 = 0.0585
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
kWh (Commercial)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0824 * 1642.5) = 135.3
= (0.0585 * 3059) = 179.0
Where:
Watts
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= EVT and DPS October 2004 negotiated delta watts from WattsBASE – WattsEE
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= In service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 240
= average hours of use per year241
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an exterior incandescent light fixture.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR qualified exterior fluorescent fixture.
Operating Hours
Residential Applications: 1642.5 hours / yearCommercial Applications: 3,059 hours / year 242
239
Based on EVT analysis of Exterior Residential and Commercial Florescent Fixtures rebated through Efficient
Products Program
240 ISR differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for ISR at each application.
241 Hours of usage differs for residential and commercial applications. See table below for HOURS at each application.
242 Commercial Usage rate based on 8.4 hours daily burn time consistent with load profile for commercial outdoor
lighting in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening tool.
184
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Loadshape
Residential: Loadshape #2 - Residential Outdoor Lighting
Commercial: Loadshape #13 - Commercial Outdoor Lighting,
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHCEFIX
Compact fluorescent
exterior fixture
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.88
1.07
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Residential: 20 years.
Commercial: 15 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $20
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual savings related to reductions in operation and maintenance costs is $1.75.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Fluorescent Fixture Hours of Use and In Use Rates by Customer Type
Average
Average
185
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Residential
Commercial
Annual Hours
of Use
1642.5
3,059
In Use Rate
0.87
1.000
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost243
Life244
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
5.69
$1.00
Ballast
$14.00
22.74
N/A
Life245
0.46
N/A
Commercial
Component
Lamp
Ballast
Efficient Measures
Cost246
$6.00
$14.00
Life247
3.92
15.65
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Lamp and Ballast Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
Lamp Lifetime
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
Years
1
3,000
8.22
2
5,000
6.85
3
7,000
6.39
4
9,000
6.16
5
9,500
5.21
6
10,000
4.57
8
12,000
4.11
10
12,000
3.29
12
12,000
2.74
24
12,000
1.37
243
Ballast Lifetime
Hours
12,000
20,000
28,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
Life248
0.33
N/A
Ballast
Lifetime Years
32.88
27.40
25.57
24.66
20.82
18.26
16.44
13.15
10.96
5.48
Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance.
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
245 Residential baseline measure lamp life is based on 1,000 hours of lamp life expectancy with 2,190 average annual
hours of use (1,000 / 2,190=0.46 years
246 Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance.
247 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
248 Commercial baseline measure lamp life is based on 1,000 hours of lamp life expectancy with 3,059 average annual
hours of use (1,000 / 3,059=0.33 years
244
186
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Ceiling Fan End Use
Ceiling Fan with ENERGY STAR Light Fixture
Measure Number: IV-F-1-b (Efficient Products Program, Ceiling Fan End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: a) ceilingfans.xls; b) Calwell and Horwitz (2001). “Ceiling Fans: Fulfilling the
Energy Efficiency Promise”. Home Energy. Jan/Feb. c) Caldwell and Horowitz. Unpublished memo
circulated through CEE.
Description
This measure described energy savings associated with the use of integrated or attachable ENERGY STAR
lighting fixture to an interior residential ceiling fan. If equipped with a light kit, then either fitted with an
ENERGY STAR rated fixture or included with ENERGY STAR bulbs equal to the number of light sockets,
as well as have separate fan and light switching. Energy savings are claimed only for the kWh savings
attributable to lighting.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.187
Average number of measures per
year
500
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
93.5
Algorithms
Energy Savings
From lighting:
kWh =180 kWh249
Demand Savings
From lighting:
kW = 0.01968250
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition for fans with light kits assumes four sockets fitted with 60 watt incandescent bulbs.
Based on information from manufacturer data and the Horowitz/Calwell article in the Jan/Feb 2001 issue of
Home Energy magazine.
High Efficiency
Energy Star fans with light kits assumes 2-D or circline Energy Star lamp totaling 60 watts. Conditions
are based on information from manufacturer data and the Horowitz/Calwell article in the Jan/Feb 2001
issue of Home Energy magazine.
249
See referenced documents: ceilingfans.xls for calculation. Data derived from review of Caldwell and Horowitz
(unpublished memo).
250 Derived using Residential Indoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
(Loadshape #1).
187
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Operating Hours
Lighting: 1241 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential: Loadshape, #1 - Residential Indoor Lighting
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Customer Credit
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
6015CC
Lighting Hardwired
Fixture
LFHCNFFX
Ceiling fan with
compact fluorescent
interior fixture
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.98
1.07
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years, equivalent to the EVT estimate for lifetime of interior fluorescent fixture.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $50251.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There is an annual savings of $12.48 related to operation and maintenance cost adjustment for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
251
Estimate based on Horowitz and Calwell (unpublished memo).
188
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
252
Efficient Measures
Cost
Life252
$8.00
6.26 years
$20.00
25.05 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Life of components based on 3.4 hours average residential use per day.
189
Life
0.6 years
N/A
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Low Income Single-Family Program
Hot Water End Use
Tank Wrap
Measure Number: V-A-1-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 315
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.037
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency253
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency254
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
253
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
254 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
190
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
33.3%
Winter
73.0%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$35
Lifetimes
6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
191
Summer
79.0%
Fall/Spring
70.0%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Pipe Wrap
Measure Number: V-A-2-d (Low Income Single Family, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
9/15/01
12/01/01
TBD
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 33
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0038
Where:
kWh
33
0.0038
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 255
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency256
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
255
256
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours).
192
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
33.3%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetimes
10 years.
193
Winter
73.0%
Summer
79.0%
Fall/Spring
70.0%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Tank Temperature Turn-Down
Measure Number: V-A-3-d (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 146
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 8760
Where:
kWh
146
kW
8760
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 257
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees,
typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees.
257
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
194
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$5
Lifetimes
4 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
195
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: V-A-4-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 340
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0997
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6258
Where:
kWh
340
kW
0.0997
CCF
4.6
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 259
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 260
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
258
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
260 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
259
196
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected kW savings
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #53
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
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Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: V-A-5-c (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 57
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0171
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0261
Where:
kWh
57
kW
0.0171
CCF
2.0
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 262
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 263
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
261
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
263 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
262
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve # 8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
22%
Winter
56.6%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$6
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
199
Summer
38.0%
Fall/Spring
45.4%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Hot Water End Use (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-12-b (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
Portfolio 29
1/1/04
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch 2.10.04.xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995
IRP
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both the cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures
per year
0
25
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Hot Water
Efficiency
HWEPIPES
Insulate Hot Water
Pipes
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.0
1.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
200
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions264
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the pipe wrap measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.10
MMBtunatgas
= 0.02
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.03
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
264
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated life span of 30 years.
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Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-13-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective Date:
End Date:
Portfolio14, July ‘02
10/1/02
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
Description
An insulation “blanket” is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated electricity savings associated with the measure is for a
six week period as this represents the average lag time between measure installation and replacement of the
electric water heater.265
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit (Six weeks)
0.036
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0.9
25
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 315 (if measure remains active over a 12 month period)
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.037
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 266
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency267
265
Source: Jim Massie, VEIC, Efficiency VT (7/8/02).
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation, WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
266
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Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh (RPF)
(CF)
Application Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.2% 11.0%
33.2%
33.2%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73.0%
79.0%
70.0%
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Six weeks of savings based on the time lag after the measure is installed and the electric water heater
system is replaced with a fossil fuel based electric water heater system.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
For tank wraps where DHW fuel switch occurs with support of Efficiency VT, estimated lifetime of tank is
one month.
Measure Cost
$35
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $35.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
267
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by
8760 hours).
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Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-14-b (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 29
Effective:
1/1/04
End Date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch2.10.04.xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995
IRP; West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures
per year
0
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
25
0
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6268
Where:
CCF
4.6
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
268
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
Hot Water
Efficiency
HWESHOWR
Low Flow
Showerhead
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
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Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
n/a
1.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions269
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow shower head measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 1.06
MMBtunatgas
= 0.18
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.31
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 4.6 CCF.
269
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel
Switch)
Measure Number: V-A-15-b (Low Income Single Family Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 29
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch2.10.04.xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995
IRP; West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures per
year
0
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0270
Where:
CCF
2.0
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
270
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
Hot Water
Efficiency
HWEFAUCT
Faucet Aerator/Flow
Restrictor
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
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MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
1.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.0
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $6
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $6.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions271
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow faucet aerator are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.18
MMBtunatgas
= 0.03
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.05
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 2.0 CCF.
271
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
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Waterbed End Use
Waterbed Insulating Pad
Measure Number: V-B-1-a (Low Income Single Family Program, Waterbed End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation pad placed over a waterbed mattress.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 490
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0559
Where:
kWh
490
kW
0.0559
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 272
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency273
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a waterbed without an insulating pad.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a waterbed with an insulating pad.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
272
273
From VT DPS 1999 screening.
From VT state screening tool.
209
Fall/Spring
100%
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
$35
Lifetimes
6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
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Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: V-C-1-c (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp.
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting #1
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential indoor lighting load shape).
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. See Reference Table below for cost assumptions
used in screening and O&M calculations.
O&M Savings
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference tables.
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
O&M Savings
$1.43
$2.82
$4.21
$5.60
$6.13
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6
8
10
12
24
$6.61
$8.15
$8.37
$8.51
$8.89
Lifetimes
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
CFL Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lifetime Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lifetime Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Efficient
Measures
Cost274
6.26
Baseline Measures
Life275
6.26
Cost
$1.00
274
Life
0.6 years
Costs do not include labor rates as homeowner is expected to carry out maintenance. Cost of efficient lamp is N/A
as measure life is same as efficient lamp (no replacement).
275 Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day.
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Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: V-C-2-c (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing incandescent lighting fixture is replaced by a fluorescent fixture (including table lamps but
excluding torchieres).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light fixture with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a fluorescent fixture.
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1.
Source: VT Screening Tool
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used.
O&M Savings
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp.
Daily Burn Time
O&M Savings
1
($5.78)
2
$4.24
3
$10.00
4
$16.19
5
$20.18
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6
$23.49
8
$33.43
10
$38.05
12
$42.58
24
$69.09
See reference table below.
Lifetimes
20 years (though it will be necessary to replace the lamp in the fixture at least once during that time period).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Table
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
276
277
Efficient
Measures
Cost276
$8.00
$20.00
Baseline Measures
Life277
6.26 years
25.05 years
Cost
$1.00
N/A
Life
0.6 years
N/A
Costs do not include labor rates. Maintenance assumed to be carried out by homeowner
Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day.
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Torchiere
Measure Number: V-C-3-d (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing halogen torchiere is replaced by a fluorescent torchiere.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 0.243  HOURS
Demand Savings
kWj = (kWh /HOURS)
Where:
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
0.243 = average kilowattage reduction278
HOURS = average hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light fixture with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a fluorescent fixture.
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Commercial Indoor Lighting, #12a
Source: VT Screening Tool
Freeridership
0% for low income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used.
O&M Savings
Daily Burn Time
1
278
O&M Savings
($1.23)
Assumes 300 watt typical halogen torchiere replaced by 57 watt CFL torchiere.
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2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
See reference table.
$12.50
$22.76
$33.37
$42.18
$51.21
$71.49
$89.02
$106.53
$193.22
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Table
Torchiere O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
279
280
Efficient
Measures
Cost279
$10.00
$30.00
Baseline Measures
Life280
6.26 years
32.88 years
Cost
$8.00
N/A
Life
1.57 years
N/A
Costs include labor rates. Rates as follows: $2.67 per lamp installed; $12.50 per ballast installed.
Life of components based on average residential use of 3.4 hours per day.
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CFL by Mail
Measure Number: V-C-4-b (Low Income Single Family, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 15
Effective date: 1/1/03
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000.
Description
A CFL lighting is offered to low-income households through a mail-in coupon circulated in a LIHEAP
mailing. Upon receipt of the customer response card, EVT will mail a 20-Watt CFL to the address of the
response card’s sender.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.046
Average number of measures per
year
2,271
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
104.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW = ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR * MAF
kW = (75-20) / 1000) * 0.9 * 0.75 = 0.0371
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
kWh = 0.0371* 1241 =46.0
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
HOURS
ISR
MAF
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW281
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual hours of use per year282
= in service rate (ISR) or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used 283
= mail adjustment factor given some bulbs will be inoperable upon arrival or not
used by customer 284
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline efficiency is a 75-Watt incandescent lamp installed in a residential application.
High Efficiency
281
A 20 watt energy efficient bulb was sent out to qualifying participants that is estimated to have replaced the
baseline 75 watt incandescent bulb, for a total demand savings of 55 watts or 0.055 kW.
282
1,241 hours of operation are based on 3.4 hours per day for residential applications. Source: Xenergy,
Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential Lighting Program, prepared for
Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New England Power Service Company, July
23, 2000.
283
In service rate (ISR) is estimated to be 90%..
Annual energy savings are decreased by 25% to reflect savings adjustment protocol agreed to during Savings
Verification 2002.
284
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The High efficiency is a 20-Watt CFL lamp.
Operating Hours
1,241 hours per year,
3.4 hours per day
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
Indoor
Lighting (#1)
28.7%
7.6%
36.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
27.7%
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
23.2%
12.3%
22.3%
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6.4 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime. Lifetime based on life of CFL. CFL life is rated by hours of
use per day. (See table below)
Measure Cost
The measure cost is $6285.
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.09. (See reference table
below.)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
285
Cost includes data processing and product shipping handled by Efficiency Vermont contractor EFI.
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Reference Tables
A. Lamp Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lamp Lifetime
Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lamp Lifetime
Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
B. Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
286
Efficient Measures
Cost
$4.00
Life286
6.4 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
219
Life
0.8 years
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Ventilation End Use
Ventilation Fan
Measure Number: V-D-1-a (Low Income Single Family, Ventilation End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
Efficient ventilation fan.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
0.169
Average number of measures per
year
99
Gross MWH savings per year
16.731
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 169
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.06
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.06kW = 0.06 kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt fan)
169
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 Watts).
High Efficiency
High efficiency ventilation fan (20 Watts).
Operating Hours
2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program)
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Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Ventilation
22.1% 11.1%
31.8%
#10
Source: Vermont State Screening Tool
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$90
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
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Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: V-E-1-a (Low Income Single Family, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.doc
Description
A refrigerator qualifying for Energy Star Program specifications replaces a non-Energy Star model. This is
a custom, retrofit measure.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Range: 0.8 – 2.5
Average number of measures per
year
36
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
Range: 28.8 - 90
Algorithms
Energy Savings
Custom, based on site-specific data. (Range: 800 – 2500 kWh/year)
Demand Savings
Custom, based on site-specific data. (Range: .16 - .50 kW)
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWbase = baseline connected load kW
kWeffic = efficient connected load kW
HOURS = annual motor hours of use per year
5000
= HOURS
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline is a refrigerator metered on site to determine annual energy consumption.
High Efficiency
The High Efficiency is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for efficiency established January
1, 2001287
Operating Hours
5000 / year288
287
288
See referenced document: ES.ref.kWh.doc for Energy Star qualifying models’ energy consumption.
Based on residential refrigerator loadshape/full load hours from VT State Screening Tool.
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Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Residential
22.5% 10.8%
33.7%
33.0%
62.3%
60.0%
Refrigerator #4
All factors are from the Vermont Screening tool (residential refrigerator load shape).
Fall/Spring
56.8%
Freeridership
0% for low-income customers.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is based on site-specific data. Range: $430 –750. An additional
$100 fee is paid for contract management.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Residential New Construction Program
Hot Water End Use
Tank Wrap
Measure Number: VI-A-1-d (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 23
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 250289
Demand Savings
kW = 0.029
Where:
kWh
250
kW
0.029
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 290
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency291
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Loadshape
Residential DHW Insulation, #7. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
289
Savings based on negotiations with DPS and Westhill Energy considers higher baseline for RNC.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
291 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 250 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
290
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Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The tank is found without a tank wrap, so by definition, freeridership is
zero.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$35
Lifetime
7 years292
292
Lifetime based on agreement with VT DPS through TAG discussions.
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Pipe Wrap
Measure Number: VI-A-2-b (Residential New Construction, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 6 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 33
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0038
Where:
kWh
33
0.0038
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 293
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency294
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
DHW
Insulation #7
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The pipes are found without insulation, so by definition, freeridership is
zero.
293
294
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours).
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Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetime
13 years (average life of water heater).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
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Tank Temperature Turn-Down
Measure Number: VI-A-3-c (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
9/15/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 146
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 8760
Where:
kWh
146
kW
8760
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency295
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees,
typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Winter
Peak
% of annual kWh
Winter
Summer
Off-Peak
Peak
Peak as % of connected load kW (CF)
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation.
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The tank is found set at a higher temperature, so by definition, freeridership
is zero.
Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$5
295
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
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Lifetime
7 years (average life of water heater).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
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Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: VI-A-4-b (Residential New Construction Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 340
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0997
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6296
Where:
kWh
340
kW
0.0997
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 297
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency298
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
CCF
4.6
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
DHW
Conserve #8
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The existing showerhead is not low flow, so by definition, freeridership is
zero.
Spillover
0%.
296
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
298 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
297
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Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$15
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
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Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: VI-A-5-b (Residential New Construction, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Effective date:
End date:
2/2/01
12/01/01
TBD
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 57
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0171
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0299
Where:
kWh
57
kW
0.0171
CCF
2.0
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency300
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 301
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
Fall/Spring
64.9%
Freeridership
0% for direct install measures. The faucet is found without a low flow aerator, so by definition,
freeridership is zero.
299
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
301 This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
300
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Spillover
0%.
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$6
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
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Refrigeration End Use
Energy Star Refrigerators
Measure Number: VI-B-1-f (Residential New Construction Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio No. 23
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: ES.ref.kWh.2004.xls
Description
An Energy Star-qualifying refrigerator replaces a refrigerator of baseline efficiency.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0855
Average number of measures per
year
250
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
21.3
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
kW
= (114.3 – 97.2)/1000*1=0.0171
Energy Savings
kWh
= kW  HOURS
kWh
= 0.0171*5000=85.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is a refrigerator meeting the minimum federal efficiency standard for refrigerator
efficiency.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a refrigerator meeting Energy Star specifications for energy efficiency as of January 1,
2004.
Operating Hours
5,000 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #4, Residential Refrigeration, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
10%
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Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
17 years
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $50.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Efficient Refrigerators
Measure Number: VI-B-2-b (Residential New Construction Program, Refrigeration End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
06/01/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Refrigerators meeting minimum qualifying efficiency (top 30% of models with regard to energy
efficiency).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 95
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0179
Where:
kWh
95
kW
0.0179
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 302
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Baseline efficiency is the current federal efficiency standard in effect from 1992 through mid-2001.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is defined as any model in the top 30% offered in the market for a particular style and size
with regards to energy efficiency.
1
See Reference Table on following page.
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Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW Savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Residential
22.5% 10.8%
33.7%
33.0%
62.3%
Refrigerator #4
All factors are consistent with Vermont screening tool load shapes.
Summer
Fall/Spring
60.0%
56.8%
Freeridership
10%303 (Good and Premium home weighted freeridership assumed in the DPS core program screening)
Spillover
10%304
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$30
Lifetime
17 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Table
Refrigerator Efficiency305
Minimum
Efficiency
70th Percentile
Efficiency
Difference
Weighting
Weighted Average
Top Mounted
Freezer
Size Range:
20.5-21.5 sq. ft.
Side by Side
Arrangement
Size Range:
28-29 sq. ft.
Through the door
ice access
No external ice
access
Through the door
ice access
No external ice
access
840 kWh / year
740 kWh / year
920 kWh / year
1040 kWh / year
700 kWh / year
140 kWh / year
10%
94.95 kWh / year
626 kWh / year
114 kWh / year
65%
911 kWh / year
9 kWh / year
15%
1095 kWh / year
55 kWh / year
10 %
303
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
305 Data related to average sizes, styles and weightings based on national averages taken from latest AHAM data
available. Data related to energy consumption taken from California Energy Commission findings available at
www.energy.ca.gov/efficiency/appliances/0.
304
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Lighting End Use
Interior Surface Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-10-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls
Description
An ENERGY STAR interior surface lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps replaces an interior surface lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential
new construction application. This category includes surface ceiling and surface wall fixtures.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1044
Average number of
measures per year
1500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
156.6
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((127.3 - 32.6 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0947
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0947 * 1,102) = 104.4
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an interior surface lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR interior surface lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
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Freeridership
14%
Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings306
Residential
$1.09
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life307
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.4
$1.00
Ballast
N/A
25.6
N/A
306
307
From VT State screening tool
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
239
Life
.08 years
N/A
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Interior Recessed Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-11-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls
Description
An ENERGY STAR interior recessed lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps replaces an interior recessed lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential
new construction application
Estimated Measure Impacts
Residential
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.0656
Average number of
measures per year
1500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
98.4
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((83.8 – 24.3 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0595
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0595 * 1,102) = 65.6
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
An interior recessed lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR interior recessed lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based compact
fluorescent lamps.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
14%
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Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings308
Residential
$1.09
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life309
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.4
$1.00
Ballast
N/A
25.6
N/A
308
309
From VT State screening tool
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
241
Life
.08 years
N/A
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Interior Other Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-12-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC lighting 10.31.03.xls
Description
An ENERGY STAR interior lighting fixture in the “other” category, wired for exclusive use with pin-based
compact fluorescent lamps replaces an interior lighting fixture also in the “other” category with
incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application The “other” category includes
chandelier/pendent, DI lamp left not installed, floor lamp, post lamp, table lamp, track light, under cabinet.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
Residential
0.0508
Average number of
measures per year
1500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
76.2
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((70.6 – 24.5 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0461
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0461 * 1,102) = 50.8
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
An interior lighting fixture in the “other” category with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR interior lighting fixture in the “other” category wired for exclusive use with pin-based
compact fluorescent lamps.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1
Source: Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
14%
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Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30
Incentive Level
The incentive for this measure is $15
O&M Cost Adjustments
Annual O&M Savings310
Residential
$1.09
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Residential Applications
Efficient Measures
Baseline Measures
Cost
Life311
Cost
Component
Lamp
$6.00
6.4
$1.00
Ballast
N/A
25.6
N/A
310
311
From VT State screening tool
Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
243
Life
.08 years
N/A
TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Exterior Fluorescent Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-3-e (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03
Description
An ENERGY STAR exterior lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based fluorescent lamp(s)
replaces an exterior lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s) in a residential new construction application.
This measure characterization applies to exterior fluorescent fixtures in the following exterior locations:
post lamp, recessed ceiling, surface ceiling, and surface wall.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.065
Average number of measures per
year
200
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
13.0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((80.6 - 21.6 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.059
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.059 * 1,102) = 65.0
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
An exterior lighting fixture with incandescent lamp(s).
High Efficiency
An ENERGY STAR exterior lighting fixture wired for exclusive use with pin-based fluorescent lamp(s)
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Outdoor Lighting, #2. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
9%
Spillover
10%
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Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Lifetime for a fluorescent fixture is 20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The average installed cost is $30312
O&M Cost Adjustments
O&M savings is $1.31 annually.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Ballast
Efficient
Measures
Cost
$6.00
N/A
Baseline Measures
Life313
6.4 years
25.6 years
Cost
$1.00
N/A
312
Life
0.5 years
N/A
Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install interior fixtures
installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001.
313 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
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Exterior HID Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-4-c (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
10/1/02
TBD
Draft:
Effective:
End:
Referenced Documents: RNC-Tubes_HID_Summary_6_02.xls
Description
Exterior metal halide (MH) or high pressure sodium (HPS) high intensity discharge (HID) fixtures replace
mercury vapor or other high-wattage exterior fixture (e.g. quartz halogen).
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.8945
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
1314
0.8945
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 894.5
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.3063
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
894.5
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= kWh
HOURS = annual fixture hours of use per year
2920315 = HOURS
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.3063316 = kW
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is a mercury vapor fixture or other high wattage exterior fixture (e.g. quartz halogen).
High Efficiency
The high efficiency models are high-pressure sodium or metal halide exterior fixtures.
Operating Hours
2920 hours per year.
314
This number is a placeholder as this incentive was not previously offered.
Annual hours of use based on 8 hours per day consistent with load shape No. 3 VT State Screening Tool.
316 Delta kW of 0.3063 derived from VEIC analysis of EVT RNC program data recorded through 1/1/02.
315
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Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(RPF)
(CF)
Application Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
Outdoor
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3% 29.8%
14.5%
29.4%
Lighting (HID)
#3
Source: Loadshape #3 for Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Freeridership
12%
Spillover
10%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $65
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $66.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
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Exterior Motion Sensor
Measure Number: VI-C-5-b (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Motion sensor for exterior lighting.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWconnected  650
Demand Savings
kW = kWconnected
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= reduced operating hours assumed in DPS screening of RNC core program 317
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
kWconnected = kW lighting load connected to control, 0.180 kW.318
650
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
For lighting controls the baseline is a manual switch.
High Efficiency
Exterior motion sensor.
Operating Hours
650 reduced operating hours per year.
Loadshape
Residential Outdoor Lighting, #2
Source: VT Screening Tool
Freeridership
0% (Good and Premium home freeridership assumed in the DPS core program screening)
Spillover
10%319
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$33
Lifetime
15 years (lifetime assumed in the DPS core program screening).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
317
Consensus number from RNC utility working group.
Assumes 2-90 watt halogen bulbs (Assumption used in DPS core program screening)
319 Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
318
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
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LED Exit Sign
Measure Number: VI-C-6-b (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
2/2/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Exit sign illuminated with light emitting diodes (LED).
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kWsave  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWsave
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
kWsave = lighting connected load kW saved, baseline kW minus efficient kW, 0.008 kW. 320
HOURS = annual exit sign hours of use per year, 8760 hours.
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
15 Watt exit sign
High Efficiency
7 Watt LED Exit Sign.
Operating Hours
Exit Signs – 8760 hours per year.
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Flat 8760 hrs
#25
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
22.0%
11.0%
32.0%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
100%
100%
100%
Freeridership
LED exit sign – 10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$30
320
LED savings historically used by utilities for this program.
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Lifetime
LED exit sign – 10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Interior CFL Direct Install
Measure Number: VI-C-7-c (Residential New Construction, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03
Description
An ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent lamp replaces an incandescent bulb in an interior lighting fixture
in residential new construction applications.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0515
Average number of measures per
year
450
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
23.1
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((65.2 – 18.4 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.0468
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.0468 * 1,102) = 51.5
Where:
kW
WattsBASE
WattsEE
kWh
ISR
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Baseline connected kW
= Energy efficient connected kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an incandescent bulb.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is an ENERGY STAR compact fluorescent bulb.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours / year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting #1. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
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Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6.4 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The average installed cost is $19321
O&M Cost Adjustments
The annual O&M savings for the measure, both variety and bright kits, is $1.09. (See reference table
below.)
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Component
Lamp
Efficient Measures
Cost
$4.00
Life322
6.4 years
Baseline Measures
Cost
$1.00
321
Life
0.8 years
Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install interior CFLs
installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001.
322 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
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Exterior CFL Direct Install
Measure Number: VI-C-8-a (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
1/28/02
Effective date: 6/15/02
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Xenergy, Process and Impact Evaluation of Joint Utilities Starlights Residential
Lighting Program, prepared for Boston Edison, Commonwealth Electric, Eastern Utilities, and New
England Power Service Company, July 23, 2000; 2) RNC_lighting_exterior.xls
Description
A compact fluorescent lamp replaces an incandescent bulb in an exterior fixture in residential new
construction applications.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.1115
Average number of measures per
year
150
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
16.7
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = kW  HOURS
kWh = 111.5
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where
HOURS = average hours of use per year
2190323 = average annual hourly of use per year for interior applications
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.0509 = average kilowatt reduction
kWh = gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
111.5 = average kilowattage reduction
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an incandescent bulb. Analysis of exterior CFLs installed in the Efficiency Vermont’s
Residential New Construction Program between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2001 indicates that the
average baseline wattage for a replaced bulb is 67.5 watts.
High Efficiency
The baseline is an incandescent bulb. Analysis of exterior CFLs installed in the Efficiency Vermont’s
Residential New Construction Program between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2001 indicates that the
average baseline wattage for a replaced bulb is 16.6 watts.
Operating Hours
2190 hours / year
323
Annual hours of used based on 6 hours / day assumed usage. 6 hours daily used based on estimate developed
through EVT communications with VT Department of Service and Residential TAG.
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Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
% of annual kWh
Residential
Outdoor
Lighting #2
Peak as % of calculated kW savings (CF)
Winter
Peak
Winter
Off-Peak
Summer
Peak
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
19.8%
13.0%
28.9%
38.3%
11.4%
5.5%
11.2%
All factors consistent with Residential Outdoor Lighting Loadshape from Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening
tool (Loadshape 2).
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
The lifetime for this measure is 3.9 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp.
Measure Cost
The average installed cost is $19324
O&M Cost Adjustments
O&M savings is $1.94 annually
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
Reference Tables
Component Costs and Lifetimes Used in Computing O&M Savings
Efficient
Baseline Measures
Measures
Cost
Life325
Cost
Component
Lamp
N/A
5.5 years
$1.00
324
Life
0.5 years
Cost represents full, installed cost and is computed with a weighted average of all direct install exterior CFLs
installed under the Efficiency Vermont Residential New Construction Program between 1/1/2000 and 12/1/2001.
325 Life of components based on use patterns of specific application.
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Generic Linear Fluorescent Tube Fixture
Measure Number: VI-C-9-c (Residential New Construction Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Effective:
End:
Portfolio 25
1/1/04
TBD
Referenced Documents: a)2003 RNC Lighting 10.31.03
Description
Generic linear fluorescent tube fixture(s) replaces an interior lighting fixture in a residential new
construction application. This category includes surface ceiling and surface wall fixtures using a linear
fluorescent tube.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.3583
Average number of measures
per year
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
903
323.5
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
kW(Residential)
= ((WattsBASE – WattsEE) /1000)* ISR
= ((394.2 – 69.1 / 1000) * 1.0) = 0.3251
Energy Savings
kWh
kWh (Residential)
= kW  HOURS
= (0.3251 * 1,102) = 358.3
Where:
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
WattsBASE
= Baseline connected kW
WattsEE
= Energy efficient connected kW
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
ISR
= in service rate or the percentage of units rebated that actually get used
HOURS
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline is an interior incandescent lighting fixture.
High Efficiency
An interior lighting fixture with one or more florescent tube lamps. Generic linear florescent tubes include
T-12s, T-8s, T-5s, as well as U-tubes.
Operating Hours
1,102 hours per year
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting, #1. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
14%
Spillover
10%
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Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
20 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $30.
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $30.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Ventilation End Use
Ventilation Fan
Measure Number: VI-D-1-d
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
6/01/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Description
Efficient ventilation fan.
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 169
Demand Savings
kW = 0.06
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= annual kWh savings from DPS screening of RNC program
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
0.06kW = 0.06 kW savings from DPS screening of RNC program (20 Watt versus 80 Watt fan)
169
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Standard efficiency ventilation fan (80 Watts).
High Efficiency
High efficiency ventilation fan (20 Watts).
Operating Hours
2817 hours per year (from DPS screening of RNC program)
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Residential
Ventilation
#10
22.1%
11.1%
31.8%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
35.0%
32.2%
32.2%
32.2%
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%326
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Incremental Cost
$90
326
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
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Lifetime
10 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Reference Tables
None
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Space Heating End Use
Heating Savings
Measure Number: VI-E-1-f (Residential New Construction, Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls
Description
Reduced heating consumption due to shell and HVAC improvements.
Estimated Measure Impacts
5-Star SFD
4-Star Plus SFD
5-Star SFA
4-Star Plus SFA
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.1270
0.0695
0.1128
0.08
Average number of
measures per year
121
139
115
45
Algorithms
Energy Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 127.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 69.5
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 112.8
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 80.0
5-Star Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
Demand Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.1510
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.0826
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.1341
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.0951
5-Star Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross utility coincident peak kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets VT Energy Code minimums by receiving 82 RBES points.
High Efficiency
High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus.
Operating Hours
841 hours / year
260
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
15.4
9.7
1.3
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Loadshape
Loadshape #5, Residential Space Heat, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%327
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
5-Star Home = $500 328
4-Star Plus Home = $250 329
Incentive Level
$0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 7.93
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 9.67
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 11.40
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 4.34
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 5.29
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 6.24
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 22.36
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 3.40
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 15.85
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 2.41
Multifamily Homes custom for all fuel types.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
327
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
5-Star Home incremental cost = $1,000. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW
329 4-Star Plus incremental cost = $500. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW.
328
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Space Cooling End Use
Central Air Conditioner
Measure Number: VI-F-1-e (Residential New Construction, Space Cooling End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls
Description
Reduced pump and motor use from space cooling load reductions.
Estimated Measure Impacts
5-Star SFD
4-Star Plus SFD
5-Star SFA
4-Star Plus SFD
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.2410
0.1385
0.1795
0.1635
Average number of
measures per year
10
4
17
33
Algorithms
Energy Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 241.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kWh = 138.5
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 179.5
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kWh = 163.5
5-Star Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kWh = Custom
Demand Savings
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 1.205
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes kW = 0.6925
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.8975
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes kW = 0.8175
5-Star Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
4-Star Plus Multifamily Homes kW = Custom
Where:
kWh
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= gross utility coincident peak kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets VT Energy Code minimums receiving 82 RBES points.
High Efficiency
High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus.
262
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
2.4
0.6
3.1
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Operating Hours
200330 hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #11, Residential A/C, Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%331
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
5-Star Home = $0 (Cost built into 5-star home heating and DHW inputs)
4-Star Plus Home = $0 (Cost built into advantage home heating and DHW inputs)
Incentive Level
$0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
330
331
Consistent with full load hours used in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
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Water Heating End Use
Fossil Fuel Water Heater
Measure Number: VI-G-1-e (Residential New Construction, Water Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) 2004_RNC_ShellSavings.xls;
Description
Increase in efficiency of DHW system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
5-Star SFD
4-Star Plus SFD
5-Star SFA
4-Star Plus SFD
Algorithms
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0
0
0
0
Average number of
measures per year
120
139
115
45
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
0
0
0
0
Energy Savings
There are no electricity savings associated with this measure. See Fossil Fuel Savings below for related
energy savings.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets VT Energy Code minimums receiving 82 RBES points.
High Efficiency
High efficiency homes are those that reach 5-Star or 4-Star plus.
Operating Hours
8760 332hours / year
Loadshape
Loadshape #7, Residential DHW Insulation
Freeridership
5%
Spillover
10%333
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
25 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
332
333
Based on full load hours for DHW insulation in Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool.
Spillover reflects products purchased by non-participants as a result of the program (VEIC estimate).
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Measure Cost
5-Star Home = $500 334
4-Star Plus Home = $250 335
Incentive Level
$0.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 2.28
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 2.82
5-Star Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane =3.23
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Oil = 1.189
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Gas = 1.46
4-Star Plus Single-Family Detached Homes MMBtu Propane = 1.673
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 9.53
5-Star Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 0.48
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Oil = 0.0
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Gas = 4.97
4-Star Plus Single-Family Attached Homes MMBtu Propane = 0.25
Multifamily Homes custom for all fuel types.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
334
335
5-Star Home incremental cost = $1,000. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW.
4-Star Plus Home incremental cost = $500. For screening purposes, this value broken between heating & DHW.
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Dishwashing End Use
Energy Star Dishwasher
Measure Number: VI-H-1-d (Residential New Construction, Dishwashing End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 24
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National Grid
USA, June 28, 2000; 2)RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls
Description
A dishwasher meeting ENERGY STAR efficiency specifications replaces a standard model.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
0.0347
Average number of measures per
year
56
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
1.94
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 34.7336
Demand Savings
kW =0.010
Where:
kWh337
kW338
MMBtuoil
MMBtugas
MMBtupropane
CCF
= the weighted average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency
(see Table below)
= weighted average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency
= the weighted average customer MMBtu (million Btu)of oil savings from
upgrading to high efficiency (see Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of natural gas energy savings (see
Table below)
= the weighted average customer MMBtu of propane energy savings (see Table
below
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet from upgrading to high
efficiency339
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The Baseline reflects the minimum federal efficiency standards for dishwashers effective January 1, 2001
with an energy factor >=0.46
High Efficiency
High Efficiency is an ENERGY STAR dishwasher meeting specifications of the Energy Star program
effective January 1, 2001 with an energy factor >=0.62 and estimated cycles of 215 per year.
336See
reference table at the end of this characterization.
See RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls).
338 Demand savings calculated based on assumed energy savings using Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening
Tool.
339 Based on CEE estimate of savings. Agreed to by DPS in negotiations on EVT TRB goal (September 2000).
337
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Operating Hours
N/A
Loadshape
Residential DHW Conservation, #8. Vermont State Cost-Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership
10%340
Spillover
10%341
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
13 years.342
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $27
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
MMBtuoil
= 0.07
MMBtugas
= 0.18
MMBtupropane = 0.10
Water Descriptions
CCF=0.14343
Reference Tables
Customer Energy Savings by Water Heater Fuel Type in RNC Homes344
DHW Fuel Type
Electric DHW
Oil DHW
Gas DHW
Propane DHW
Weighted Average
Adjusted
Frequency
0.0%
19%
52%
29%
Per Unit Savings
KWh
MMBTU Oil
115.7
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.7
340
0.00
0.35
0.00
0
0.07
MMBTU Gas
0.00
0.00
0.35
0
0.18
MMBTU
Propane
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.35
0.10
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
Used to establish EVT TRB goals based on a September 2000 negotiated agreement between EVT and VT DPS.
342 Koomey, Jonathan et al. (Lawrence Berkeley National Lab), Projected Regional Impacts of Appliance Efficiency
Standards for the U.S. Residential Sector, February 1998.
343 Assumes 0.5 gal less water use per cycle. (RLW Analytics, Energy Star Market Update, Final Report for National
Grid USA, June 28, 2000)
344 Source: RNC_ES.DW.kWh.2004.xls
341
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Residential Emerging Markets Program
Hot Water End Use
Tank Wrap
Measure Number: VII-A-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.315
Average number of measures per
year
32
Gross MWH savings per year
10.08
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh =315
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.37
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 345
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency346
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
Operating Hours
N/A
345
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation,WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
346 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
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TRM User Manual No. 2004-31
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
6 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$35
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
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Pipe Wrap
Measure Number: VII-A-2-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet of both cold and hot pipe to and from the hot water heater.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.033
Average number of measures per
year
21
Gross MWH savings per year
.693
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 33
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0038
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
33
0.0038
kW
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency347
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency348
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Operating Hours
N/A
347
348
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 33 kWh divided by 8760 hours).
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Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$15
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
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Tank Temperature Turn-Down
Measure Number: VII-A-3-a (Residential Emerging Markets, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective Date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
The thermostat setting of a hot water tank is lowered to 120 degrees.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.146
Average number of measures per
year
21
Gross MWH savings per year
3.066
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 146 kWh
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWh / 8760
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
146
kW
8760
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 349
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= Hours per year, over which heat loss will be reduced.
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank with a thermostat setting that is higher than 120 degrees,
typically systems with settings of 130 degrees or higher.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with the thermostat set at 120 degrees.
Operating Hours
N/A
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
349
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
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All factors are the same as in DPS field screening tool for residential DHW insulation.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
4 years
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$5
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
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Low Flow Showerhead
Measure Number: VII-A-4-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.340
Average number of measures per
year
21
Gross MWH savings per year
7.41
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 340
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0997
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
340
kW
0.0997
CCF
4.6
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 350
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 351
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Operating Hours
N/A
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
350
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
351
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For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$15
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
CCF = 4.6352
352
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
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Low Flow Faucet Aerator
Measure Number: VII-A-5-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: N/A
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
.057
Average number of measures per
year
30
Gross MWH savings per year
1.71
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 57
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.0171
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
57
kW
0.0171
CCF
2.0
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency353
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency 354
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Operating Hours
N/A
Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
353
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
This assumes the same ratio of connected load reduction to kWh savings that was used by the DPS in its screening
of the Efficiency Utility program.
354
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For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of connected load kW
% of annual kWh
(CF)
Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
22.0%
77.5%
48.1%
64.9%
Conserve #8
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of connected load kW
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Controlled
DHW
Conserve #54
28.4%
3.1%
46.5%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
22.0%
56.6%
38.0%
45.4%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$6
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
CCF = 2.0355
355
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
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Hot Water End Use (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Pipe Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-11-b (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 29
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch2.10.04.xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995
IRP
Description
Insulation is wrapped around the first 12 feet combined of either cold and hot pipe to and from the hot
water heater. This measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system
removed and replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures per
year
0
25
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water system without pipe wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water system with pipe wrap.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
Hot Water
Efficiency
HWEPIPES
Insulate Hot Water
Pipes
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.90
1.0
n/a
n/a
278
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
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MF Mkt NC
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
10 years.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions356
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the pipe wrap measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.10
MMBtunatgas
= 0.02
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.03
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
356
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
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Tank Wrap (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-12-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 14, July ‘02
Effective:
10/1/02
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch(TG).xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP.
Description
Insulation “blanket” that is wrapped around the outside of a hot water tank to reduce stand-by losses. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system. Estimated electricity savings associated with the measure is for a
six week period as this represents the average lag time between measure installation and replacement of the
electric water heater.357
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit (six weeks)
Average number of measures per
year
0.36
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0.9
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = 315 (if measure remains active over a 12 month period)
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = 0.036
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
315
kW
0.037
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
= the average customer kWh savings from upgrading to high efficiency 358
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= the average customer kW savings from upgrading to high efficiency359
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is a hot water tank without a tank wrap.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a hot water tank with a tank wrap.
357
Source: Jim Massie, VEIC, Efficiency VT (7/8/02).
Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995 IRP. Note that the WEC IRP estimate is based on an evaluation of
WEC’s 1994 Direct Install program. That evaluation suggested that hot water savings were approximately 73% of
what WEC had been assuming (prior to the evaluation, WEC had estimated that tank wraps saved an average of 431
kWh per installation).
359 This assumes that stand-by losses are spread evenly across all hours of the year (i.e. 315 kWh divided by 8760
hours).
358
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Energy Distribution & Coincidence Factors
For DHW systems not on Utility Controlled DHW program (Default):
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
% of annual kWh (RPF)
(CF)
Application Winter Winter Summer Summer
Winter
Summer Fall/Spring
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
Off-Peak
Residential
DHW
22.3% 11.1%
33.3%
33.3%
100%
100%
100%
Insulation #7
All factors are the same as in DPS’ screening of Efficiency Utility programs.
For DHW systems on Utility Controlled DHW program:
Peak as % of calculated kW savings
(CF)
% of annual kWh
Application
Controlled
DHW
Insulation #53
Winter Winter Summer
Peak Off-Peak
Peak
22.3%
11.1%
33.3%
Summer
Off-Peak
Winter
Summer
Fall/Spring
33.3%
73%
79%
70%
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
Six weeks of savings based on the time lag after the measure is installed and the electric water heater
system is replaced with a fossil fuel based electric water heater system. Analysis period is the same as the
lifetime.
Measure Cost
$35
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $35.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil-fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
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Low Flow Shower Head (with Electric Hot Water Fuel Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-13-b (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 29
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch 2.10.04.xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995
IRP; West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing showerhead with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures per
year
0
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Water Savings
CCF = 4.6360
Where:
CCF
4.6
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing showerhead with a high flow.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow showerhead.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
360
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
Hot Water
Efficiency
HWESHOWR
Low Flow
Showerhead
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
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Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.90
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.0
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $15
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $15.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions361
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow shower head measure are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 1.06
MMBtunatgas
= 0.18
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.31
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 4.6 CCF.
361
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated measure life of 30 years.
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Low Flow Faucet Aerator (with Electric Hot Water Fuel
Switch)
Measure Number: VII-A-14-b (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Hot Water End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft:
Portfolio 29
Effective:
1/1/04
End:
TBD
Referenced Documents: LISF_REM_Fuel Switch 2.10.04.xls; Washington Electric Cooperative (WEC) 1995
IRP; West Hill (September 2000)
Description
An existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate is replaced with new unit that has a low flow rate. This
measure description applies only for homes that have had the electric hot water system removed and
replaced with a fossil fuel based system.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH Savings
per unit
Average number of measures per
year
0
25
Average Annual MWH savings
per year
0
Water Savings
CCF = 2.0362
Where:
CCF
2.0
= customer water savings in hundreds of cubic feet for the measure
= customer water savings from upgrading to high efficiency
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an existing faucet aerator with a high flow rate
High Efficiency
High efficiency is a low flow aerator.
Freeridership/Spillover Factors
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
362
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
Hot Water
Efficiency
HWEFAUCT
Faucet Aerator/Flow
Restrictor
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Proposed by West Hill (September 2000) and used in negotiated EVT TRB goals.
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MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.90
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.0
n/a
n/a
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
9 years (same as in DPS screening of Efficiency Utility Core programs).
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
The incremental cost for this measure is $6
Incentive Level
The incentive level for this measure is $6.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions363
When a fuel switch occurs from electric to a different type of DHW heater fuel source, the average annual
fossil fuel savings in MMBtu’s generated by the low flow faucet aerator are the following:
MMBtuoil
= 0.18
MMBtunatgas
= 0.03
MMBtuliq.propane = 0.05
Water Descriptions
Estimated annual water savings are 2.0 CCF.
363
Fuel switch savings based on efficiency factors of .62 for oil, natural gas, and liquid propane high efficiency stand
alone DHW heaters as approved by the VT- DPS and used by Efficiency Vermont. Efficiency factor of .83 is used for
electric DHW heater. All heaters have an anticipated lifespan of 30 years.
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Lighting End Use
CFL
Measure Number: VII-B-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Lighting End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
8/30/01
Effective date: 12/01/01
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents:
Description
An existing incandescent lamp is replaced with a lower wattage compact fluorescent.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Gross Annual MWH Savings per
unit
N/A
Average number of measures per
year
831
Gross MWH savings per year
N/A
Algorithms
Energy Savings
kWh = (kWbase – kWeffic)  HOURS
Demand Savings
kW = kWbase – kWeffic
Where:
kWh
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
HOURS = annual lighting hours of use per year as reported by customer
kW
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
The baseline condition is an incandescent light bulb with sufficient usage to justify replacement.
High Efficiency
High efficiency is compact fluorescent lamp.
Operating Hours
Based on site-specific data. Generally, a lamp used more than two hours daily.
Loadshape
Residential Indoor Lighting #1.
Source: VT Screening Tool
Freeridership
10%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
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Lifetime is a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. Most CFLs have a rated lifetime of 10,000
hours. However, units that are turned on and off more frequently have shorter lives and those that stay on
for longer periods of time have longer lives. See the following table for details.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
Actual costs (i.e. from weatherization agencies) are used. Range: $14 to $18 (installed cost).
O&M Cost Adjustments
O&M savings are a function of the average hours of use for the lamp. See reference table.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithm or default values for this measure
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure
Reference Tables
CFL Life by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
Lifetime Hours
3,000
5,000
7,000
9,000
9,500
10,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
Lifetime Years
8.22
6.85
6.39
6.16
5.21
4.57
4.11
3.29
2.74
1.37
CFL O&M Savings by Daily Burn Time
Daily Burn Time
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
24
O&M Savings
$1.43
$2.82
$4.21
$5.60
$6.13
$6.61
$8.15
$8.37
$8.51
$8.89
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Space Heating End Use
Efficient Furnace Fan Motor
Measure Number: VII-C-1-b (Residential Emerging Markets Program, Space Heating End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 29
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) Sachs & Smith Furnace Fan Report 2003.pdf;2) Furnace Fan Motor Savings
2004_7.15.04.xls,
Description
This measure will provide incentives for installing an ENERGY STAR qualified natural gas, or propane
and an efficient oil fired furnace with a high efficiency brushless permanent magnet fan motor (BPM, also
called ECM, ICM, and other terms), hereafter referred to as “efficient fan motor”. This prescriptive
measure will apply when retrofitting an existing unit or installing a new furnace. The incentive offer and
savings estimation relate only to the efficiency gains associated with an upgrade to an efficient fan motor.
For homes that install an efficient furnace fan and have central A/C, additional kWh savings are estimated
due to the efficiency gains from the furnace fan which is used to circulate cooled air.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Furnace w/
Efficient Motor
Furnace w/
Efficient Motor
and Central A/C
system
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
0.5509
Average number of
measures per year
480
0.679
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
264.4
50
34.0
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW Heating Only Efficient Furnace Fan: 0.263
kW Heating & Central A/C Efficient Furnace Fan: 0.277
Energy Savings
Heating Only Efficient Furnace Fan kWh Savings
kWh
= Heating kWh savings
kWh
= 548364
Heating & Central A/C Efficient Furnace Fan kWh Savings
kWh
= (Heating kWh savings)+ (Cooling kWh savings)
kWh
= (548) + (131365 ) =679
Where:
kW
kWh
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
New England winter kWh savings for efficient furnace fan motors. Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving
Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report and Program Recommendations.” Report No.
A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
365 New England central A/C kWh savings for efficient furnace fan motors. Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving
Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report and Program Recommendations.” Report No.
A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
364
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Heating kWh savings
% Heating
Cooling kWh savings
= kWh savings during heating season
= Estimated percent of furnace fan motors used for heating only
= kWh savings during cooling season
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
A furnace meeting minimum Federal efficiency standards using a low-efficiency permanent split capacitor
(PSC) fan motor.
High Efficiency
The installed natural gas or propane furnace must be ENERGY STAR qualified, residential sized, i.e.
<=200,000 Btu/hr unit that meets the CEE criteria for electricity consumption by the furnace fan motor 366, a
ratio of annual electricity used to total energy use, 3.4123*EAE/(3.4123*EAE + 1000*EF), less than or equal
to 2%. Qualification criteria for oil fired furnaces are that they must be residential sized as described
above and have an AFUE >=85 and an EaE <=600.
Operating Hours
Heating: 2080 hours / year 367
Cooling: 375 hours/year368
Loadshape
Loadshape #5, Residential Space Heat.
Loadshape #71, Furnace Fan Heating and Cooling
Vermont State Cost Effectiveness Screening Tool
Freeridership/Spillover Factors369
Measure Category
Measure Code
Product Description
Track Name
Act250 NC
Cust Equip Rpl
Farm NC
Farm Equip Rpl
Non Act 250 NC
Pres Equip Rpl
C&I Retro
MF Mkt Retro
Efficient Products
LISF Retrofit
LIMF Retrofit
LIMF NC
LIMF Rehab
RES Retrofit
RNC VESH
MF Mkt NC
Track No.
6014A250
6013CUST
6014FARM
6013FARM
6014NANC
6013PRES
6012CNIR
6012MFMR
6032EPEP
6034LISF
6017RETR
6018LINC
6018LIRH
6036RETR
6038VESH
6019MFNC
Space Heat
Efficiency
SHEFNMTR
Efficient Furnace
Fan Motor
Freerider Spillover
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.90
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.95
1.0
1.0
1,0
1.0
1.0
366
EAE is the annual electric energy use (kWh/yr) during the heating season and E F is the annual fuel energy use during
the heating season (MMBtu/yr).
367 Sachs, H.M and Smith, S. 2003. “Saving Energy with Efficient Residential Furnace Air Handlers: A Status Report
and Program Recommendations.” Report No. A033. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy.
368 ARI data indicates 500 full load hours for A/C use in Vermont. VEIC experience in other states suggests that ARI
estimates for A/C use tend to be overstated. In an effort to compensate for this overstatement, Efficiency Vermont
applied a .75 multiplier to the ARI estimate in determining residential A/C hours of use.
369 EVT estimate for freerider and spillover rates
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Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
18 years.370
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$200371
Incentive Level
$200.
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions372
MMBtu consumption increased due to loss of waste heat from the previous inefficient furnace fan motor.
These estimates are specific to each fuel type, taking into account the efficient furnace fan estimated
AFUE. As such, the MMBTU penalty for oil furnaces is slightly higher due to the comparative lower
efficiency of the new oil furnace with an AFUE of 85 compared to gas and propane furnace AFUE of 90.
MMBtu Oil
= 2.43
MMBtu Nat Gas = 2.30
MMBtu Propane = 2.30
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
370
id Sachs and Smith, 2003.
incremental cost for efficient motor only. Sachs and Smith, 2003, Page 12.
372 Sachs and Smith, 2003 estimate efficient motor use requires an additional 23 therms of fossil fuel energy due to the
loss of waste heat from non-efficient furnace fan motors. .
371Estimated
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Space Cooling End Use
ENERGY STAR Central Air Conditioner
Measure Number: VII-D-1-a (Residential Emerging Markets, Space Cooling End Use)
Version Date & Revision History
Draft date:
Portfolio 25
Effective date: 1/1/04
End date:
TBD
Referenced Documents: 1) CAC 2004 kWh Savings.doc
Description
This measure will provide incentives for upgrading the total system to an ENERGY STAR qualified central
air conditioner (CAC) when retrofitting an existing unit or installing a new CAC in existing homes. This
will be a stand-alone prescriptive measure. Mini-split CAC systems are not eligible.
Estimated Measure Impacts
Average Annual MWH
Savings per unit
E-Star Central A/C
0.3115
Average number of
measures per year
500
Average Annual MWH
savings per year
155.8
Algorithms
Demand Savings
kW
= ((EEREE - EERBASE)/ EEREE)*(( BtuH /( EERBASE *1000)))
kW
=((11.6-9.2)/11.6)*((36000/(9.2*1000)))=0.8096
Energy Savings
kWh
= ((SEEREE - SEERBASE)/ SEEREE)+ *(( BtuH /( SEERBASE *1000))*Hours)))
kWh
=((13-10)/13)*((36000/(10*1000))*375)))=311.5
Where:
kW
EEREE
EERBASE
BtuH
kWh
SEEREE
SEERBASE
HOURS
= gross customer connected load kW savings for the measure
=EER rating for efficient CAC unit
= EER rating for baseline CAC unit
= CAC unit size in British thermal units per hour
= gross customer annual kWh savings for the measure
=SEER rating for efficient CAC unit
= SEER rating for baseline CAC unit
= average hours of use per year
Baseline Efficiencies – New or Replacement
Meets minimum Federal standards for residential central air conditioner
High Efficiency
ENERGY STAR qualified373, residential sized, i.e. <=65,000 Btu/hr, central air-conditioning units. During
the second year of this initiative, proper sizing using a Manual J calculation or similar heat loss calculation
will also be required. 374
373
The current ENERGY STAR standard is >= 13 SEER and >=11 EER for split systems.
The savings characterization for this measure is based solely on split systems. It is assumed that most residential
units are split systems. The rebate form will track whether the installed unit is a split or package unit. Based on this
ratio the savings will be adjusted in subsequent years if necessary.
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Operating Hours
375 hours / year375
Rating Period & Coincidence Factors
Consistent with load profile #11, Residential A/C.
Freeridership
0%
Spillover
0%
Persistence
The persistence factor is assumed to be one.
Lifetimes
18 years.
Analysis period is the same as the lifetime.
Measure Cost
$379.376
Incentive Level
$250.377
O&M Cost Adjustments
There are no operation and maintenance cost adjustments for this measure.
Fossil Fuel Descriptions
There are no fossil fuel algorithms or default values for this measure.
Water Descriptions
There are no water algorithms or default values for this measure.
375
EVT applied 25% adjustment factor to U.S. Climate Cooling Region 2 Full Load Hours of 500 hours for 375 hours.
Incremental cost from 10 to 13 SEER is $379 when adjusted to 2003 dollars. Technical Support Document for
Energy Efficiency Standards for Consumer Products: Residential Central Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps. Appendix
J, Table J-1. U.S. Department of Energy, May, 2002.
377 There will be a $250 incentive for this measure: $100 going to the consumer and $150 going to the contractor. The
contractor will be required to provide the customer name and address to prove the unit was installed in VT in order to
receive the incentive. Proof of a Manual J calculation will be required starting in the second year of the program. The
consumer will mail-in an incentive coupon with a copy of the bill of sale.
376
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