Chemical Sciences
Materials
Year 10
Chemical sciences: ifferent types of chemical reactions are used to produce a range of products and can occur
at different rates (ACSSU187)
Science as Human Endeavour
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Scientific models, theories, processes, applications (ACSHE191). Technological advances through science (ACSHE192)
Use of science in improving people’s lives, generating new careers, and meeting societal needs. (ACSHE195)
Use science to evaluate claims or predictions (ACSHE194)
Values of society influence research (ACSHE230)
Scientific Inquiry Processes
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Formulate questions or hypotheses to investigate. (ACSIS198)
Test hypotheses using prior observations, scientific knowledge, primary and secondary sources (ACSIS209)
Plan, select and use appropriate investigation methods e.g. field and laboratory work. (ACSIS199)
Select and use appropriate equipment, to systematically collect and record data (ACSIS200)
Analyse patterns and trends in processing data e.g. relationships between variables (ACSIS203)
Use knowledge of scientific concepts to draw conclusions that are consistent with evidence (ACSIS204)
Evaluate conclusions, including possible alternative explanations. (ACSIS205)
Critically analyse the validity of information in secondary sources and evaluate the approaches used to solve problems (ACSIS206)
 Communicate scientific ideas and information, including using appropriate scientific language. (ACSIS208)
Knowledge and Understandings
Structure and properties of materials
Different materials have different
chemical structures and hence different
properties which make the useful for
different purposes.
Properties such as strength, chemical
reactivity and weight must be
considered when selecting a material
for a particular use.
Development of materials through
the ages.
Any way that humans change materials
to make them more useful to us is a
type of material development.
Learning Process
Structure and properties of materials
Purpose: Students understand that materials are substances that can
be used by humans to build and create things. They understand that the
properties of materials determine their usefulness.
Inform – Motivate – Recall: List some of the materials that are around
you in the classroom. Discuss what the difference between a material
and a substance might be.
Look at materials used for certain applications e.g. building a surfboard.
What properties would you need to consider when choosing a suitable
material.
Brainstorm any materials and/or technologies that have change in your
lifetime and discuss how they have changed your way of life.
Development of materials can be seen
as early as the Stone Age when
humans shape of stone for blades and
arrow head, hardened of wood and the
combined of materials to make
weapons and containers etc.
Apply – Use – Research:
Fun with Material Categories
Activity: Students develop skills with material categories. Material properties
teams will design and construct a two-sided fact sheet and a game show
presentation about one of the material categories. They quiz their peers on
the information.
During the Bronze Age humans
became more farmers and craftsmen
rather than hunters and gatherers. They
accidentally discovered copper and
began inventing alloys.
A Material World: Properties of Material
Activity: Students study the relationship between object function, choice of
materials that make up the object and the properties and origins of the
materials. They explore more about the materials that make up and object
and technological design.
The Iron Age saw the production of iron
around 1500BC. This began the
treatment of many of the main metal
ores for the purposes of metal
production.
Experiment – Investigate: Student design and perform their own
experiment to test the property of different brands of similar objects e.g.
the absorbency of paper towels, the elasticity of elastic bands, the
strength of paper strips or the conductivity of metal wires.
The Industrial Revolution in mid 1880's
What variables should be controlled, varied and measured? How can
you make your measurements as accurate as possible? What errors
© Education Research Solutions T: 1300 669 810 E: contactus@educationresearch.com.au W: www.educationresearch.com.au
This is an ERS plan and is NOT endorsed by ACARA. Green font is ACARA sourced materials. Go to: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au
caused a dramatic increase in the
production of iron and Steel alloys were
produced.
Today, an increased understanding of
chemistry in the 20th century has led to
the synthesis of new materials like
ceramics, plastics and composite
materials.
Production and use of materials
Before a material is useful to us it has
often gone through a long process of
refinement. The raw materials are often
nothing like the final product.
Distillation of crude oil: Crude oil is a
mixture of valuable substances that
need to be separated before being
processed and refined. The separation
of the liquid parts, or fractions, occurs in
a process called fractional distillation.
This process takes advantage of the
fact that each fraction has a different
boiling point.
might there be in your experiment?
Can You Handle the Stress?
Lesson Plan: Students investigate the properties of materials. They
determine the Young's modulus for four different materials in two different
ways and compare the stiffness of the materials based upon this value.
Evaluate – Generalize – Create: Design a chart and time line to show
the progressive highlights in the development of technology from the Stone
Age to Modern Society.
Examine a diagram of a fractionating column. What causes the various
products to be produced at different levels in the column? Why is this
process called fractional distillation? Name the various products and list
their uses.
Have each student produce a flowchart following the processing of one
fraction of oil distillation to the end product.
Sports Chemistry
Lesson Plan: Students distinguish between chemical and physical
properties and changes in matter when given specific examples. They view
a video of sports activities. Students chose their favourite sport and design
an experiment to improve sports performance by changing the materials in
the equipment associated with the sport.
Assessment:
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Design and perform an experiment for measuring a property of a material and compare similar materials.
Create a timeline or chart showing the development of material technologies.
Produce a flow chart showing the development of products from one fraction of crude oil fractional distillation.
Standards
http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/Science/Curriculum/F-10?y=10&s=SU&s=HE&s=IS&layout=1
Teacher Resources IWB T
The Structure Of Metal Explores the crystalline structure of metal and reveals what it is that gives metal its
special characteristics and how metal behaves under the stress of heat and outside forces.
To Build A Bridge Lesson examining materials vs. design in designing and constructing a bridge
Tug-Push-Twist-O'War Lesson - to show how the choice of materials affects structures
Student Resources IWB S
Tools and Raw Materials: Information about Stone Age tools.
Early Stone Age Tools: Information and pictures of Stone Age tools.
The History of Bronze: Information site detailing the history of Bronze.
The Bronze Age: Information site explaining what the term Bronze Age refers to, when it occurred and what its
significance is to the development of civilisation.
Iron Age Technology: Information site explaining the history, geography and tools of the Iron Age.
The Industrial Revolution: Information site explaining the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution.
Chem 4 Kids Comprehensive site with info, quizzes, further links and real world examples of chemistry
On Fire Interactive website - the basics of combustion, including how fire ignites, how a molecule's atoms
rearrange themselves during combustion, and what a flame is made of
Aluminium Information and diagrams
© Education Research Solutions T: 1300 669 810 E: contactus@educationresearch.com.au W: www.educationresearch.com.au
This is an ERS plan and is NOT endorsed by ACARA. Green font is ACARA sourced materials. Go to: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au
Lesson Planner
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Teacher Notes
Student Activities
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© Education Research Solutions T: 1300 669 810 E: contactus@educationresearch.com.au W: www.educationresearch.com.au
This is an ERS plan and is NOT endorsed by ACARA. Green font is ACARA sourced materials. Go to: http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au