Name______________________
Date_____________
Isolation of the Tokugawa Japan
Catholic Jesuits in Japan
•Portuguese traders arrived in 1543
•Jesuit Priests began to spread Christianity in 1549
•Nobunaga used Christianity to counter the power of __________________ and their
warrior monks.
Early Use of Guns
•1575- Oda Nobunaga was quick to embrace Western innovations
•At the Battle of Nagashino, he instituted new offensive and defensive tactics using ____
which changed Japanese warfare forever.
Hideyoshi begins Isolation
• Spanish conquest of the ________________ took place in 1521 and threatened Japan.
• Hideyoshi initially welcomed the Christian missionaries. By 1587, he had become worried that Christianity's growing
influence would threaten his control of Japan.
• He therefore issued an _________outlawing Christianity and expelling the missionaries.
• In the _____________________ of 1593, Hideyoshi forbade the peasant class from possessing weapons including
swords, guns, and knives.
• He hoped to prevent ____________ and to distinguish Japan's classes.
Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu
•Begins era known as the _______________ and gets its name from the
capital city, Edo, now called ___________.
•The Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from 1600 until 1868
“Japan was pacified,
not unified!”
Controlling the Daimyo
•Tokugawa Ieyasu began programs to build more castles but only with his strict approval.
•He charged the __________ with construction projects, delegating them responsibility over certain areas of it.
•As a result, the Daimyo competed with one another and tried to seek the ______________ of the Shogun.
Alterante Attendance
 Sankin kōtai ("alternate attendance") was a policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
The requirement was that the Daimyo move periodically between Edo and his han
(land), typically spending alternate years in each place.
 His ___________ and heir were required to remain in Edo as hostages.
 The purpose was to control the daimyo.
 The expenditures necessary to maintain lavish residences in both places, and for
the procession to and from Edo, placed ___________________ strains on the
daimyo making them unable to wage war.
Film and Stearns Reading Question: How did Tokugawa’s policies create a centralized feudal government? Was it effective?
Tokugawa Social Structure
“No more shall we have to live by the sword. I have seen that
great profit can be made honorably. I shall brew sake and soy
sauce, and we shall prosper.”
- Unnamed samurai, 1616
“Themes in Japanese History”, C.Gluck, 754
Document Analysis: Why would a samurai renounce his status
to take part in commercial enterprise?
Close Country Edict of 1649
 Closed country edict – Tokugawa ______________
Japan from foreign contact.
 Government highly regulated and limited trade
 Allowed the ______________, Chinese, and Korea
limited trade.
 Relied on Feudal system – Shogun appointed and
controlled Daimyo.
 Appointed Samurai to serve the Daimyo.
 Maintained a _______________ called the Metsuke.
 Limited Japanese travel and banned Western books.
 Created an _____________________ system that
promoted Japanese identity.
1603-1869
Some “Dutch Learning”
 Anatomy, Medical Science, Botany, Astronomy
 Japanese elites were fascinated with Western developments unlike the Chinese scholar-gentry.
Economic Accomplishments
 Aggressive public works including land reclamation, new canals and clean water supply systems
- _____________________________
 Development of transportation and the existence of nationally unified markets
 The rise of commerce, finance and the wealthy _____________________ class
 The rise of manufacturing (food processing, handicraft, etc)
Major Achievements:
 Japanese novels, __________________________________, Kabuki theater, literature, art, castles, block printers.
 Women’s rights restricted: lacked education, arranged marriage, could not own property
 Isolation  Japanese culture thrived:
 Buddhism & Shintoism
 Unique Japanese Art forms - Scrolls, wood-block painting…
 Japan had its own _____________________…but strictly for Japanese consumption!
Question: Why did the Tokugawa Shogunate limit and control trade? Why were they more successful
at regulation than China?