A Brief Guide to Chicago Manual of Style Endnotes
Endnotes demonstrate your familiarity with primary and secondary sources. They signal shifts
between the authors’ opinions and engagement with sources. Precise notes are important to show
readers when you switch from one source to another. Remember that footnotes simply prove your
engagement and mastery over the material and highlight the structure and strength of a thorough
analysis. Have fun with this and thank you for your submission.
 Where to Use an Endnote - Even when paraphrasing, at least one endnote with a short page
range is required at the end of each paragraph.
 Direct Quotes - For a direct quote, the exact page number must be given and quotation marks
used. First entries must be fully documented as shown below(author’s First name last name
comma, Title (italicized if a book) space in parentheses (City of Publication colon two spaces
publisher comma year published) comma page number period.
 Using Ibid. - Subsequent entries may list only the author’s last name followed by the page
number and closed with a period. More than one source may be referenced in one footnote
separated by a semicolon instead of ending with a period. If you cite the same source
consecutively, simply write Ibid., (Ibid period comma) followed by the page number and a
period. Chicago bibliography style is different from endnotes and a bibliography is not
required for projects like this one.
 Inserting an Endnote in Microsoft Word - Place the cursor where you wish the footnote:
immediately after the quotation mark on a direct quote, at the end of a sentence, or at the end of
a paragraph for a paraphrase. Next select References on your toolbar, then Insert Endnote.
Your cursor will then go to the end of the document where you may then type the endnote. For
more detail see The Chicago Manual of Style by Kate Turabian or, a good citation website at:
http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/, or http://owl.english.purdue.edu/.
Sample Endnotes (Do not use bolded headings in endnotes)
Book
¹ J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur, Letters from an American Farmer: describing certain provincial situations, manners,
and customs, and conveying some idea of the state of the people of North America. / Written to a friend in England, by J.
Hector St. John, a farmer in Pennsylvania [microform], (Philadelphia: From the Press of Matthew Carey, March 4,
MDCCXCIII [1793]), 15.
Document in an Edited Anthology –
²James F. Rusling, Across America, 1866-1867, (New York: Sheldon, 1874), 225-26, 300-18 in Reading the American
Past: Selected Historical Documents, Volume II: From 1865, 3rd Edition, ed. Michael P. Johnson (Boston: Bedford/St.
Martin’s, 2005), 41-45.
Web-based Source
³“Contrat de marriage entre Étienne Trottier Desauniers et Catherine Charet,” (Charest), 8 novembre 1745, PISTARD,
Cote: CR301,P2587, Centre: Québec in PISTARD Database Online, http://pistard.banq.qc.ca [accessed January 29,
2008].
4
Ibid., 1; Douglass, 3; Rusling in Johnson, 42.
Book
5
Steven C. Eames, Rustic Warriors: Warfare and the Provincial Soldier on the New England Frontier, 1689-1748 (New
York: New York University Press, 2011), 33-40.
Article
6
Kevin Gladysz and Ken Hamilton, “French Knives in North America, Part III: Boucheron Knives,” Journal of the Early
Americas, Vol. I, Issue 6 (December 2011/January 2012): 6-17.