NATIONAL COACHING CENTRE
XII CHEMISTRY Study Paper 2008
Chapter # 1 …………Periodic Classification
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Define periodic law & periodicity. Describe merits & demerits of Mendeleev’s table.
What are long and short periods in the Periodic table. Give a short account of them.
Describe Lother Mayer’s periodic table with its defects.
Describe 4 types elements based on electronic configuration.
Briefly explain Newland’s octaves, Dobereiner’s triad, representative elements, lanthanides and actinides,
Explain how the defects in the Mandeleev’s table were corrected by Moseley?
Using electronic configuration, identify the position (block, period & group) of the elements with the
following configuration. 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 35, 36, 37, 53
Identify the group, period and block of each element in the periodic table.
(i) 3d10,4s2,
(ii) 3s2 3p5
(iii) 2s2 2p6 (iv) 5s2 4d5 (v) 4s1 3d10
Justify the statements:
i)
The elements of a group in the Periodic table have the same valance shell configuration.
ii)
A period starts with s1 configuration & ends at s2 p6 configuration.
Chapter # 2 …………Hydrogen
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q.5.
Describe industrial methods of preparation of H2 gas from water gas, methanol, ammonia and magnetite.
What is water gas? How it is prepared from coal and natural gas? Give two methods of separation of
hydrogen from water gas.
What are binary compounds and hydrides? Define six kinds of hydrides. Explain any 3 of them.
Differentiate between atomic and nascent hydrogen with their method of preparation and properties.
Explain why nascent hydrogen is more reactive than hydrogen gas. Give its action on phosphorus, oxygen,
tungsten oxide, arsenic and sodium.
Give scientific reasons:
(i)
Hydrogen is misfit in group IA of the periodic table
(ii)
Hydrogen can be placed with the Alkali metals of group IA and halogens.
(iii) Nascent Hydrogen is more reactive than ordinary hydrogen.
(iv)
Give the reaction of H+ and H¯ ion with water?
(v)
D2O is heavier than H2O.
Chapter # 3 …………s-Block Elements
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q8.
Q9.
Describe with flow sheet diagram, preparation of soda ash by Solvay’s Process.
Discuss the trends of the following properties in representative elements:
Atomic radius, hydration energy, ionization potential, electrode potential, mp, bp and hardness.
How caustic soda is manufactured through CASTNER KELLNER’S cell. Give the advantages &
disadvantages of the process.
Compare the properties of Alkali metals & Alkaline Earth metals
Give a brief account of the following: Gypsum, Bleaching Powder.
What happens when?
(i)
Sodium peroxide is dissolved in water.
(ii)
Lithium nitrate is heated strongly
(iii) Carbon dioxide is passed through cold sodium carbonate solution.
(iv)
Caustic soda is heated with ammonium sulphate
(v)
Sodium bicarbonate is heated
(vi)
Caustic soda solution is treated with ferric chloride solution
(vii) Steam is passed over red hot coke
(viii) Nitric acid is treated with sodium hydroxide
Give the balanced equations to show the how NaOH react with following?
(i)Zn/Al
(ii)
FeCl3
(iii) NH4Cl
(iv)
boric acid
(v)CO2/CO
(vi)
bauxite
(vii) lead chromate
(viii) methanol
Give reasons of the following:
(i)
The salts of alkaline earths are more hydrated than alkali metals.
(ii)
M.P. and B.P. of IA group elements are very low.
(iii) s-block elements (or Alkali metals) are powerful reducing agent.
(iv)
Elements of group IA and IIA readily lose their valence electrons.
(v)
Alkali metals have the largest covalent radii.
(vi)
Li and Be differ to great extent from other members of their respective group.
(vii) Alkali metals cannot be used in voltaic cells.
(viii) I.P. decreases down the group.
(ix)
Zinc hydroxide is soluble in excess of sodium hydroxide solution.
(x)
Na+ ion is smaller than Na atom
Dr Inam Ul Haq Jazbi
NATIONAL COACHING CENTRE
XII CHEMISTRY Study Paper 2008
Chapter # 4 …………p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
Q11.
Q12.
Describe the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald’s method.
Explain the manufacture of chlorine gas by Nelson’s cell method.
Describe the manufacture of sulphuric acid by Contact method.
Give auto-redox reactions of chlorine.
Write a short note on boric acid, Borax, Alums and crystalline allotropes of carbon.
Give the reactions of the following compounds with Aluminium metal; Sulphuric Acid, Nitrogen gas at
elevated temperature , Potassium Hydroxide, ferric oxide and manganese dioxide.
Give chemical reactions of nitric acid with copper, Mg, Zn, S, P, methane and nitrobenzene.
Show that nitric acid is a good oxidant.
Describe the metallurgy of aluminium from bauxite ore.
By the help of chemical equations for each show that:
(i).
Concentrated sulphuric acid is good dehydrating agent.
(ii).
Sulphuric acid is powerful oxidizing agent.
Give the formulae of the following compounds:
Blue Vitriol, Oil of Vitriol, Oleum, Barium peroxide, Bleaching powder, Borax, Carbonyl sulphide,
Cryolite, Epsomite, Gypsum, Lunar caustic, Marsh gas, Phosgene, Photographic hypo, Plaster of Paris,
Potassium superoxide, Quick lime, Read lead pigment, Silane, Yellow pigment.
Give answers of following:
(i).
How is H2S gas prepared in the laboratory?
(ii).
How is aqua regia dissolved noble metals?
(iii). Why sulphuric acid has high boiling point and viscosity?
(iv). Draw electronic and geometrical structures of H2S, H2SO4, H2S2O7, HNO3, SO2, HClO4, NO2 .N2O4
(vi). What are lead pigments? Give their names and formulae.
(vii). Explain properties of diamond and graphite in the light of their structures.
(viii) Bromine is displaced from its salts by chlorine, not by iodine. Explain.
(ix)
Aluminium utensils must not be washed with water containing NaOH or Na2CO3.
(x)
Explain the reducing action of hydrogen sulphide with the help of equations.
(xi)
What is plastic sulphur? Why does it show the behaviour of elasticity?
(xii) Give the composition and uses of alloys of aluminium.
(xiii) Write down names and formulae of ores of aluminium.
(xiv) What is thermite, amoral and thermite process?
(xv) Write down difference between alpha and beta sulphur with their method of preparation.
Chapter # 5 …………d-BLOCK ELEMENTS
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
What are Transition elements? Explain their following characteristics.
(i)
Complex formation (ii)
Color formation
(iii) Magnetic behavior (iv)Catalytic property
Write short note on Silvering of mirror, corrosion & its prevention, Chelates, Tin Plating, Stainless Steel .
How is blister copper obtained from its sulphide ore?
Write down the Electronic Configuration of the following: Copper ( Z = 29 ),Chromium ( Z = 24 ).
Discuss the chemistry of:Blue stone, silver nitrate.
Give the formulae of the following complexes.
(a)
dichlorotetraamminechromium(III) chloride
(b)
tetracarbonylnickel (0)
(c)
tetranitrochromate(III) ion
(d)
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(I)
(e)
Tollen’s reagent
(f)
Tetranitrochromate(III)ion
Name the following compounds by IUPAC System
i)
K3 [ Fe(CN)6]
ii)
Na3 [ Co (NO2)6]
iii)
K2 [ HgI4 ]
iv)
[Co(NH3)5 Cl] Cl2
v)
[Cu (NH3)4] SO4
vi)
Ni(CO)4
vii) [Cr (en)2 Br2] SO4
viii) [Pt (NH3)Br4]
ix)
[MnO4]2+
x)
[Co (NH3)6]
xi)
[Cr (NH3)2 (SCN)4 ]
(xi)
[Ni(en)3](NO3)3
(xii) (NH4)3[Fe(CN)6]
(xiii) [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
(xiv) SodiumCobaltinitrite
(xv) [Cu(CN)4]2¯
(xvi) [Fe(CN)6]4¯
(xvii) Na2[Fe(CN)5 NO)
Give brief answers of following:
i.
How is blue vitriol and lunar caustic prepared?
ii.
How is KMnO4 prepared in the Lab.?
iii.
How does silver nitrate react with ammonia and formaldehyde?
iv.
Write down name & formulae of 5 neutral, 2 bidentate & polydentate ligands.
v.
What is the action of heat on copper sulphate and potassium permanganate?
vi.
Transition metals are paramagnetic and coloured. Explain.
vii.
NH3 and H2O can act acts as ligands but NH4+ and H3O+ cannot. Explain.
viii. Hydrated copper sulphate is blue but anhydrite is white.
ix.
What are complexes? Why do transition metals form complex?
Dr Inam Ul Haq Jazbi
NATIONAL COACHING CENTRE
XII CHEMISTRY Study Paper 2008
Chapter # 6 …………An Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Q1.
Q3.
Q4.
Q2.
Give reasons for the large number of Organic Compounds.
Write down note on natural sources of organic compounds.
Write down difference between following:
i.
Aliphatic and aromatic compounds
Write short notes on each of the following:
i.
Homologous series & its characteristics
iii.
Isomerism & its types
v.
Cracking & its types or reforming of petroleum
ii.
Saturated and unsaturated compounds
ii.
iv.
vi.
Functional Groups
Knocking & Octane number
Polymerization
Chapter # 7 …………Chemistry of Hydrocarbons
General Questions on Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Define & write the general formulae of the Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes alcohols, carbonyl compounds.
Define the phenomenon which explains the tetravalency of carbon. Distinguish between  and  bond.
Identify each of them in ethane, ethene & ethyne, drawing their orbital structures.
Give a simple test to distinguish between the following:
(i)
Aliphatic & Aromatic compounds
(ii)
Alkanes & Alkyl halides (Ethane & ethyl chloride)
(iii) Alkanes & alkenes (ethane and ethene)
(iv)
Alkenes & Alkynes (Ethene and ethyne)
Write the preparation of the following:
(i)
Preparation of ethene from alcohol or vicinal dihalide
(ii)
Preparation of ethyne from vicinal dihalide or ethene
(iii) Preparation of formic and oxalic acid from ethyne
(iv)
Preparation of n-butane by Wurtz reaction.
(v)
Preparation of mustard gas from ethene.
What happens when?
(i)
Ethene reacts with acidified water.
(ii)
Ethene reacts with alkaline KMnO4.
(iii) Ethyne reacts with ammonical AgNO3 or CuCl.
(iv)
Ethyne reacts with water or hydrogen cyanide.
(v)
Ethene reacts with acidified Cl2 water or bromine water (Hypobromous acid).
(vi)
Propene is treated with Hydrogen Iodide.
(vii) Acetylene is treated with Iodine
How will you obtain the following?
(i)
Ethane from sodium salt of carboxylic acid
(ii
2,3–dimethylbutane by Wurtz’s synthesis
(iii
Ethane from methyl Iodide
(iv)
Isobutylene from alcohol
(v)
Acetylene from Calcium dicarbide
(vi)
Ethane from Grignard’s reagent
(vii) Ethyne from 1,2-dibromoethane
How will you prepare methane or ethane from following?
Alkyl halide, Grignard’s reagent, sodium carboxylate, and alkynes
Explain Halogenation in Ethane or Methane with mechanism.
Give three methods of preparations for Ethyne.
What are white & red solids obtained from Acetylene. Give reactions. Or Acetylene shows Acidic
properties. Give two reactions to justify it.
Which alkane may be prepared by the reduction of?
(i)
2–bromopropane
(ii)
2- bromo-2-methylpropane
(ii)
secondarybutyl chloride
(iv)
iso-butyl bromide
Q12.
Starting from Acetylene how would you obtain Formic acid, Acetaldehyde, Benzene?
Q13.
What alkyl halide would yield following alkenes upon dehydrohalogentaion by strong base?
(i)
2-butene
(ii)
1-butene
(iii)
isobutylene
Dr Inam Ul Haq Jazbi
NATIONAL COACHING CENTRE
XII CHEMISTRY Study Paper 2008
General Questions on Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Benzene):
Q1.
Benzene acts as Saturated as well as unsaturated compound. Support your answer by two chemical
reactions for each type of behavior.
Q2.
Define Aromaticity & Orientation in Benzene.
Q3.
Define Resonance. Draw all the possible structures of benzene.
Q4.
Discuss the Molecular Orbital Treatment of benzene. Also give reason for hyper reactivity of benzene.
Q5.
Define Orientation in benzene & orienting effect in benzene. Give the examples of Ortho & Para directors.
Q6.
How will you prepare a sample of benzene from petroleum (coal tar or n-hexane)?
Q7.
How will you obtain benzene from the following?
i)
Aliphatic sources
(ii)
Aromatic sources
(iii)
Coal
Q8.
Under what conditions benzene reacts with chlorine to form
i)
monochlorobenzene
(ii)
hexachlorocyclohexane
Q9.
What is E.S.R. in benzene? Why benzene undergoes E.S.R? Explain Nitration & Acylation in Benzene with mechanism.
Q10.
Starting from benzene how will you prepare the following?
i)
Acetophenone
(ii)
ii)
Cyclohexane
(iv)
(v)
Ortho & para nitrotoluene
(vi)
(vi)
Isopropyl Benzene (cumene)
(viii)
iii)
Bromobenzene
Q11.
Benzenesulphonic acid
Phenol
metanitrotoluene
p-nitro benzoic acid
Attempt the following conversions:
i)
Benzene into o-nitro benzoic acid & p-nitro benzoic acid
ii)
Benzene into m-nitro benzoic acid
iii)
Toluene into T.N.T.
iv)
Benzene into benzoic acid
General Questions on Phenols:
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
What are phenols and naphthols? Define their types with two examples each. Give the uses of Phenol.
How does Phenol reacts with nitric acid and sulphuric acid
How will you convert phenol into following?
i)
Cyclohexanol
(ii)
Benzene
(iii)
Picric acid
(iv)
Phenoxide
Chapter # 8 ………… Chemistry of Alkyl Halides
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7.
What are Alkyl Halides? How are they classified? Give their general structures and examples.
Draw all the possible isomers of an alkyl halide with composition C5H11Cl.
Describe the preparation of Grignard’s reagents & give their practical applications.
What is Nucleophilic substitution reaction? Write down difference between SN1 and SN2. Explain SN1 mechanism.
Define & Discuss -elimination reaction.
What are organometallic compounds and Grignard’s reagent? How are they obtained? How will you obtain
the following?
i)
Ethane from methyl magnesium chloride
ii)
Ethanoic acid from methyl magnesium chloride
iii)
Tertiarybutyl alcohol from ketone
iv)
Ethyl alcohol from methyl magnesium iodide
v)
Secondary alcohol
How would you prepare alkyl halide from alcohol and alkenes.
Chapter # 11 …………Chemical Industries in Pakistan
Q1.
Discuss the following Industries:
i)
Fertilizers
ii)
Detergents
iii)
Glass
iv)
Plastics
Dr Inam Ul Haq Jazbi
NATIONAL COACHING CENTRE
XII CHEMISTRY Study Paper 2008
Chapter # 9 …………Chemistry of Oxygen Containing Functional Groups Compounds
General Questions on Alcohols
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
How do you prepare alcohol from carbonyl compounds, Grignard’s reagent, alkenes and esters?
Define primary, secondary & tertiary alcohols. Write the structures & the names of primary, secondary &
tertiary alcohols of the molecular formula C5H11OH.
Give two examples of each of monohydric, dihydric and trihydric alcohols with their IUPAC names
Give industrial preparation of ethyl alcohol from starch.
Write down the simple chemical tests to differentiate between the following:
i)
Alcohols & Phenols
(ii)
1o, 2o, & 3o alcohols (Lucas test)
Briefly explain the following reactions.
(i)
Condensation of alcohols into ether
(ii)
Reaction of alcohols with halogen acids (Lucas test)
(iii) Oxidation of alcohols
(iv)
Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide
General Questions on Aldehydes and Ketones:
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
What are Aldehydes & Ketones? Write down two simple tests to distinguish between aldehydes & ketones.
How would you obtain acetaldehyde from ethyl alcohol and ethyne?
How would you prepare acetone from pyrolysis of acetic acid, propyne, calcium acetate and alcohol?
How would you obtain methanal from methanol and calcium formate?
Briefly explain the following: Haloform reaction, Cannizaro’s reaction,
Briefly explain the following reactions.
(i)
Self addition of aldehydes
(ii)
Reaction of methanal with Na-C2H5OH.
(iii) Catalytic hydrogenation of acetone.
(iv)
Reaction of Phenyl Hydrazine with methanal
Explain how you will prepare the following?
(i)
Acetal from formaldehyde.
(ii)
An oxime from ethanal.
(iii) Metaformaldehyde from formaldehyde.
(iv)
Paraldehyde from acetaldehyde
(v)
Phenyl Hydrazone from methanal and acetone.
(vi)
Acetaldol and acetketol from carbonyl compounds.
General Questions on Carboxylic acids, Esters and Ethers
Q1.
Give two methods of preparation of each of the following:
Methoxymethane, Methyl formate, acetic acid, formic acid
Q2.
Briefly explain the following reactions.
(i)
Esterification
(ii)
Reaction of diethyl ether with halogen acid (HI)
(iii) Reaction of acid halide with ammonia
Q3.
Explain how you will prepare the following?
(i)
Acetic anhydride from acetic acid.
(ii)
(iii) Soap
(iv)
Sodium salt of acid
Acetone from acetic acid
Chapter # 10 ………… Chemistry of Life
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4.
Define the following terms:
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Reducing & non reducing sugars, Glycosidic linkage,
Peptide linkage, Rencidification, Iodine number, Zwetterion, Saponification, lipids, fats and oils, proteins.
Define Amino acids. Give their classification with examples.
What are proteins? Write their biochemical importance. Give their classification with examples.
Write chemical names, their sources & which disease arises due to deficiency of following Vitamins:
(i) Vitamin A (Retinol)
[Night blindness/Xerophthalmia]
(ii) Vitamin D (Calciferol)
[Rickets/Softness of bones]
(iii) Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
[Fragility of RBC/Haemolysis of R.B.C.]
(iv) Vitamin K (Menadione)
[Failure of blood clotting mechanism]
(v) Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
[Scurvy/ lower body resistance to infection.]
(vi) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
[Beri beri, Heart failure]
(vii) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
[Inflammation of mouth/anaemai]
(viii) Vitamin B5 (Nicotinicacid/Nicotinamide) [Pellagra/GIT disturbance]
Dr Inam Ul Haq Jazbi