Name_________________________
Date__________________________
Instructor______________________
Health/Female Reproductive Health
Menstrual Health/Female Reproductive Health
Menarche
 First ____________ _____________
 Average age in the United States ______
 Normal age range _______
 Factors:
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
Length of normal cycle ______
In the first year or two menstrual periods are usually _______
______
Amenorrhea
 ___________ of menstruation
 Primary amenorrhea –absence of menarche for more than _____
years
 Secondary amenorrhea – prolonged _________(about __ months or
more) of menstrual bleeding after menarche has been established
Oligomenorrhea
 ___________, __________ bleeding and/or a condition in which a
female who is __ years past menarche has ___ to ___ cycles a year.
 An excess of _______ from the ovaries is often the cause.
Dysmenorrhea
 Very _____________ menstruation
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There might be cramping, __________, and ___________ in the
pelvic region as well as ___________, ______________, and
__________.
Primary dysmenorrheal is caused by _______ __________ and
usually starts within three years of menarche and lasts _____ to
____ days each month.
Secondary dysmenorrheal is associated with
_______________________________, ________________, or
___________ ______________ later in life.
Menorrhagia
 An abnormally ______ _________ flow.
 Affects about _______% of females of reproductive age worldwide
 Excessive bleeding should be _____________________________
Premenstrual Syndrome
 A combination of severe ________________ and _____________
symptoms during the four premenstrual and first four menstrual days
of the menstrual cycle.
 Affects ___ to __% in the United States
 The physical and psychological symptoms include:

Treatment includes_________ therapy, ________, exercise,
_________ supplements, ________________________ and
_______support and counseling.
Toxic Shock Syndrome
 A ______, serious _________caused by certain
______________strains of Staphyloccus aureus
__________________.
 Early symptoms include ____fever of more than
_____,________,______,____________and a ______ that appears
like a sunburn.
 Might progress to a dangerous drop in _________ __________
 ____________ output is decreased and patients might be
___________ or _____________.
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

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Adult ________________ ___________ __________ or cardiac
dysfunction might also occur.
96% of cases of TSS occurred in those who were
________________
The Staphylococcus aureus was localized in the ____________
The use of certain barrier contraceptive devices, such as the
__________, have the _________ ______, and the __________
_______________ __________, have all been associated with
nonmenstrual-related TSS cases.
May 1980 CDC examined risk factors for TSS and found a significant
relationship between TSS and __________use.
Under the age of _______ with females between ________at
greatest risk
The Menstrual Cycle – a _________ cycle of approximately _____ month
in which hormonal levels fluctuate to prepare a female’s body for the
possibility of ____________.
Three phases:
1. The Proliferative Phase, or ____________phase, is the first phase
when _________ causes ____to ___ primary follicles to grow in the
ovaries and when ____________ occurs.
Graafian follicle- an immature primary follicle that balloons into full
maturity in the middle of the menstrual cycle.
The stigma – a small dot or nipplelike protrusion that develops on the
surface of the Graafian follicle. Pituitary secretes LH causes stigma to
disintegrate which causes Graafian follicle to rupture and release ovum.
Ovulation – release of mature ovum by an ovary;occurs on or about 14th day
before beginning of next menstrual period.
2. The Secretory Phase or _______________ phase. During this phase
the __________ __________ secretes ________________ and
_____________ to prepare a female’s body for the
______________ of a fertilized __________.
Corpus luteum – yellow glandular body that is formed in the ovary from the
follicular remains.
3. The Menstrual Phase - the _________ __________ degenerates,
the secretion of ______ and _____________ sharply ________,
and the menstrual flow occurs. Like the other two are under
___________ influence. It is related to the function of the
__________ __________.
The corpus luteum remains active for about _____ to ______ days. What
happens during this time? Secretes estrogen and progesterone to prepare
lining of uterus/Blocks FSH AND LH so that no new primary follicles
begin to grow
What happens when fertilization does not occur?
What happens two days before the beginning of the menstrual flow?
The secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreases sharply as corpus
luteum degenerates. Cells shrink/blood vessels to lining of uterus
closed/Lining of uterus dies.
Menstruation is the process by which the ___________ of the _________
is ______________ each month that an ovum is not ____________.
Approximately______ fluid ounce of blood, _____ounce of ________, and
the ______of the ______are expelled. Bleeding lasts approximately _____
to ____ days, with the average being ____________. The menstrual flow
marks the ____ of the three-phase female cycle.
Menopause- the ____________of the monthly menstrual cycle as part of
the natural process accompanying aging. This occurs on the average at age
___. What other factors can affect this process?
What happens with the ovaries?
Common symptoms- ____ ______ and decrease in the _________ and
______________ of the ___________.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use of supplemental estrogen and
progesterone to supplement or replace the decreasing amounts of hormones
produced during menopause.
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