Fire Service Ventilation (7th Edition)
Chapter 3-Horizontal Ventilation
Test Review
It is advised that you review IFSTA Building Construction before completing this chapter
as there are many terms which are presented in the text.
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A blower is any device positioned outside a space to blow fresh air in.
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An ejector is any device positioned inside a space to blow contaminated air out of a space.
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A fan is a term used to describe either a blower or ejector.
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Flexible ducts can be used to draw contaminants out of a space by attaching an ejector outside the space to the
duct which is positioned inside the space such as in confined spaces.
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Forced ventilation is use of fans, blowers, nozzles, and other mechanical devices to create or redirect flow of
air in a space.
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A hasp is a locking mechanism found on many metal doors.
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HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation, & Air Conditioning.
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Natural ventilation utilizes natural wind currents and building openings to rid structures of contaminants.
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A teepee cut is a cut made in metal components by making two cuts in the shape of a triangle, leaving the
bottom uncut, then rolling it down for access.
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Thermoplastic is a type of extremely resilient plastic used in place of glass in many commercial windows.
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Fire walls reduce the likelihood of horizontal fire spread.
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Masonry brick walls are made of reinforced concrete, concrete block, brick, or stone.
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Veneers are decorative exterior wall finishes made of brick, stone, stucco, plastic paneling, or foam.
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Masonry is best breached by jackhammers.
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Veneer over frame is best breached by regular forcible entry tools, sledgehammers, or battering rams.
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Metal is best breached by making a "teepee" cut with hand or power tools.
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Fixed windows are usually flanked by double-hung or casement windows which are more accessible for
ventilation.
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The entire window area of casement windows are available for ventilation use.
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Jalousie windows are very difficult to open without breaking the panes.
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Only the openable portion of single/double-hung, horizontal-sliding, awning, projected, jalousie, and hopper
windows are available for ventilation without breaking glazings.
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Thermoplastic/energy-efficient windows tend to hold in more heat, accelerate development of flashover
conditions, and increase chances of backdraft.
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Swinging doors are the most common type of door.
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Sliding exterior doors are common on storage, commercial, and industrial buildings.
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Sliding interior fire doors are metal clad, fire resistance rated doors suspended on slanting tracks attached to
the surface of fire walls.
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The primary use of sliding interior pocket doors is for a visual privacy barrier.
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There is always a mechanism present on revolving doors to collapse the wings.
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Most roll-up doors have a more convenient swinging door next to them.
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A teepee cut can be made in roll-up doors when immediate access is needed.
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Air flow through a structure can be interrupted by partitions, the arrangement of rooms, and stacks of highpiled storage.
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It is a good practice to close doors once a room has been searched.
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Ejectors or fog streams used for ventilation are put on the leeward side of buildings.
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Blowers are placed on the windward side of buildings.
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Top windows on the leeward side of a building should be opened first to allow heated gases to escape.
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Screens, curtains, and blinds will hinder air circulation.
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In the absence of a blower, windward side windows should not be opened until initial knockdown of the fire.
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When breaking a window, use the flat side of an axe, with the handle held higher than the blade.
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Circular saws with carbide-tipped, medium tooth blades, can be used to open thermoplastic glazings.
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Striking a thermoplastic glazing with a sledgehammer will not break the pane, however, it will bow the pane
enough to slip it out of the frame in most cases.
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Scoring a thermoplastic pane with an "X" will usually allow the pane to break along the scoring when struck.
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Thermoplastic glazings can be frozen with a CO2 extinguisher, then struck in the middle with a pick head axe.
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If a thermoplastic pane has been heated by fire, striking methods may not be successful.
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Smoke ejectors must have explosion-proof motors.
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When using a smoke ejector, the open area around the ejectors should be sealed to prevent churning.
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The cone of air from a blower should cover the entire opening.
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Hydraulic ventilation may increase water damage and drain the available water supply.
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Hydraulic ventilation is limited to negative pressure ventilation.
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Operations involving hydraulic ventilation must be interrupted each time the operator runs out of breathing air.