Prof. Maryanne Horowitz:
LUTHER and PROTESANT REFORMATION
Luther (1483-1546) and Belief in Religion
Student of Humanism and Law, 1483-1505
Religious Vocation
Thunderstorm Experience: "Help me, St. Anne, I will become a monk."
Augustinian Monk, 1505
Ordained as Priest, 1507
Trip to Rome, 1510
Ph.D.,Theology, University of Wittenberg, 1512
Professor of Theology, University of Wittenberg, 1512-life
Theology
1508-9 Reinterpret Epistles of Paul in lectures at U. of Wittenberg.
Justification by Faith Alone.
Oct. 31, 1517 Ninety-Five Theses. Challenges indulgences. Translated and
Printed .
1518 Cardinal Cajetan asks Luther to refrain from disputation, publication.
1519 Debate with Johann Eck in Leipzig. Luther denies papal supremacy and
points out errors in decisions of church councils.
Heretic
1521 Excommunicated by Pope Leo X
April 1521 Diet of Worms. Refuses to retract views. Edict of Worms
Protected by Duke Frederick of Electoral Saxony (d. 1525)
Popular Writings
1520 Appeal to the German Ruling Class, Babylonian Captivity of the Church
1525 The Bondage of the Will argues with Desiderius Erasmus's 1524 On the
Freedom of the Will
1534, Lutheran Bible in German
Consummation of Reformation--marriage to Katherine von Bora, 1523
Abolish monasteries in Protestant areas
Conservative Shift after 1524-26 Peasants' War
1525 Against the Robbing and Murdering Horde of Peasants
Disappointment that Jews did not convert:
From 1523 Jesus Christ was Born a Jew to
1542 Against the Jews and Their Lies
Consolidation of doctrine with Philip Melanchthon
Augsburg Confession of 1530