Sociology 12 Final Exam Review
Exam Outline
Part A: Multiple Choice
30 %
Part B: Matching
30 %
Part C: True/False/Fill in the Blank 20 %
Part D: Short Answer
20 %
100 %
Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4
Exam Date – Monday, June 22, 2015
Part A, B, & C:
Be able to recognize terms and definitions from each of the units we have studied this semester.
Some of these will be short answer.
Assimilation
Common sense knowledge
matriarchy
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
global interdependence
patriarchy
Bias
industrialization
Sub-culture
Bystander effect
control group
social status
Conformity
deductive approach
field research
Culture
dependent variable
cultural lag
Culture shock
independent variable
representative sample
Hawthorne Effect
experimental group
reliability
Mean, median, mode
inductive approach
sample/random sample
Discrimination
field research
symbol
Ethnicity
hypothesis
urbanization
Ethnocentrism
cultural imperialism
validity
Evolution
cultural relativism
survey
Folkways
counterculture
Socialization
Gender
Quantitative data
Stereotypes
Experiment
Participant observation
subculture
Majority
secondary analysis
interview
Material culture
instinct / drives / reflexes
technology
Minority
Cultural universals
values
Mores
Sociological Imagination
debunking
Nature / Nurture
equity vs equality
Race
Non-material culture
gender identity
Roles
Norms
gender role
Diversity
Perception
sexuality
Sex
Pop culture
sexual orientation
observation
Prejudice
Qualitative data
inference
Concepts
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Why study sociology?
What is society? What is culture?
Sociological Perspectives:
o Definitions: Sociology, anthropology, psychology
o Sociological Imagination
o Personal vs Social issues
o Common sense
o Five ways of knowing
o Sociological perspectives:
o
o
o
o
o
Conflict theorist
Functionalist
Symbolic interactionist
Feminist
Post-Modern
o Important Sociologists:
o Auguste Comte - positivism
o Max Weber – exclude personal values and economic interests
o Emile Durkheim – social facts; anomie
o Hebert Spencer – social darwinism
o Harriet Martineau
o Karl Marx – class conflict; bourgeoisie vs proletariat
o George Simmel
o Jane Adams
o W.E. DuBois
o Intellectual revolution vs political/economic revolutions
o Industrialization vs urbanization
o Compare high, middle, and low income countries
o Descriptions
o demographics
o Scientific Method of inquiry and research
o Vaccination issue
o Research ethics (list – 7 parts)
o Methods – surveys / experiments / participant observation / field research / secondary analysis
o Research method steps
 Problem, review literature, form hypothesis, create operational definition, choose
research design, collect data, analyze data, state conclusions.
 Empirical evidence – importance of sample (representative / size / randomness)
 Objective reality, research values, and biases – Hawthorne Effect
 Limitations of scientific sociology
 Observation vs inference  validity vs reliability
 Quantitative vs qualitative research/data (mean / median / mode)
 Deductive vs inductive reasoning
 Open ended vs close ended questions
 Causation vs correlation  independent vs dependent variables
What is Culture?
 Importance
 How is culture disrupted
Definitions:
• race, ethnicity, class, sex, gender
 Cultural diversity
o natural vs social circumstances
o significance of power and privilege
o intolerance, racism
 stereotype vs prejudice vs discrimination
 instincts vs reflex vs drives
 Cultural relativism
 Cultural imperialism
• Ethnocentrism
• Material culture vs Non material culture
 Visible vs non-visible aspects of culture
 Cultural universals  appearance, activities, social institutions, practices
• Pop culture vs High Culture  fads, fashions, leisure activities
 Subculture vs counterculture
 Components of culture
o Symbol, language, Values, beliefs, folkways, laws (civil vs criminal), norms and mores (taboos)
o Norms
 Prescriptive vs proscriptive
 Formal vs informal
o Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
 Cultural Lag
 Culture shock
What is the socialization process? What factors affect it?
 Explain the Nature versus Nurture debate.
 Social contral mechanism
o Self  family  peers  language  institutions  coercion
 Consequences of socialization (4)
 Agents of socialization
o Family, media, peers, school, religion, sports
 Problems associated with social isolation and maltreatment Resocializtion
Sociological Theories of Human Development
1. Psychoanalytic Theory (Id/Ego/Superego)
2. Object Relations Theory
3. Social Learning Theory
4. Functionalist Theory
5. Conflict Theory
6. Symbolic Interaction Theory
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Concept of self  4 parts
o Physical, active, social, psychological
o Socialization Theories of Self
 Locke – Tabula Rasa
 Cooley – Looking Glass Self
 Mead – Role Taking  imitation Stage; play stage; game stage
 Piaget – Stages of cognitive development – sensorimotor, preop., concrete op., formal op.