1103022
To, Vivian
Period 1, World History
02 OCT 13
Lesson 4.3: Revolts in Latin America
(P. 160 #1-5)
Main Idea
Why it matters now
In the early 1800s, many Sixteen of today’s Latin America nations gained their independence
new nations emerged in
at this time.
Latin America as
independence movements
freed people from
European rule.
1. Terms and Names
Peninsulare
-
Members of the highest social class who dominated Latin
American political and social life
Creole
-
European- descended Latin Americans who owned the
Haciendas, ranches, and mines second- class in status
Mestizo
-
People of Native American and European descent. They
were angry at being denied a status
Mulatto
-
People of African and European decent. They were angry at
being denied at wealth and power
Simon Bolivar
-
Young creole that traveled in Europe and was inspired by the
ideals of “liberty, equality, and fraternity.”
Toussaint L’ouverture
-
Self- educated former slave who helped Haiti win its
independence
Father Miguel
Hidalgo
-
A creole priest in Mexico who raised his role for freedom.
Presided over the poor rural parish of Dolores.
Father Jose Morelos
-
A mestizo who called for wide- ranging social and political
reforms. He wanted to improve conditions for majority of
Mexicans.
Jose de San Martin
-
Creole who was born in Argentina but went to Europe for
military training. He helped Argentina win freedom from
Spain
Dom Pedro
2. Who were the key
revolutionaries
that led the
movements for
independence in
Latin America,
and what were
their
accomplishments?
-
Followed his father’s advice to rule over Brazil. He accepted
a constitution that provided for freedom of the press,
religion, and an elected legislature.
Revolts in Latin America
Haiti
1791
Toussaint L’ouverture
Mexico
1871
Augustin de Hurbide
Argentina 1816
San Martin
Brazil
Dom Pedro
1822
The key revolutionaries that led the movement for independence
included Toussaint L’ouverture. Father Miguel Hidalgo, Simon
Bolivar, Austin de Hurbide, San Martin, and Dom Pedro. Toussaint
L’ouverture helped Haiti win its independence from France.
Although Father Hidalgo was not able to help countries literally
become independence neither his nor did his wisdom touched the
hearts of the countries which led to the independence. The same
goes with Simon Bolivar when he used Enlightenment ideas as his
inspiration. Through this movement, Bolivar declared, “I swear
before God and by my honor never to allow my hands to be idle
nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains that bind us to
Spain” (Simon Bolivar, circa 1700s). Augustin de Hurbide helped
Mexico win his independence while San Martin helped Argentina,
his home country, to gain independence from Spain. Dom Pedro
helped Brazil win independence.
3. How did social
structure
contribute to
discontent in
Latin America?
At the top of the social class were the peninsulares who dominated
the Latin American political and social life. At the second class were
the creoles who didn’t like their social class. There were mestizos
and mulattoes who were denied the status, wealth, and power given
to white people. They were angry due to this fact. They had suffered
“economic misery under the Spanish, who had conquered the
lands of their ancestors” (Ellis & Esler, 2007, p. 155).
4. a) Lay what was
the first step on
Haiti’s road to
independence?
b) Why did
creoles refuse to
support Hidalgo
or Morelos?
The first step on Haiti’s road to independence was when the slaves
revolted in 1792. Afterwards, Toussaint L’ouverture helped the army
of slaves go against their enemies. Creoles refused to support
Hidalgo or Morelos because they wanted power for themselves,
“most had no desire for economic or social changes that might
threaten their way of life” (Ellis & Esler, 2007, p. 157). Since
Father Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos both wanted to get
freedom for other countries creoles didn’t care for other creoles but
themselves.
5. Why did Bolivar
admire the
American and
French
revolutions?
Simon Bolivar admired the American and French revolution because
they were able to be free of being ruled by a monarchy. Also,
because creoles were too reluctant to act on their wants, Bolivar just
envied how the radicals were able to be so courageous. He wanted
to win their independence from Spain. Bolivar devised a plan where
he “had succeeded in freeing Caracas, Venezuela… he was known
as ‘The Liberator’” (Ellis & Esler, 2007, p. 158).