Latin American Nationalism
Agenda
• Bell Ringer: What are the three major mistakes of Napoleon?
1. Slave Exhibit (for those that submitted permission slips)
2. Lecture: Latin American Nationalist Revolutions.
3. Map of Latin America Explanation
4. Primary Analysis, Simon Bolivar’s document
5. Discussion: Creole vs. Mestizo vs. Peninsulares
HW: CCoT on Friday. It will be from the period 1450-1750.
Period 5 of AP World has officially started with the French Revolution. Make
sure your notes reflect this.
Haiti
• 500,000 Enslaved Africans
• They could easily
overpower masters, who
treated them brutally.
• 1791, Toussaint
L’Ouverture emerges as
leader in the Haitian
Revolution.
• French attempt to
intervene, and L’Ouverture
agrees to stop the revolt if
slavery is outlawed.
• French accuse him of
another uprising and he is
arrested, dies 10 months
later. 1803.
• Dessalines finishes where
Toussaint began, and Haiti
is independent in 1804.
Independence Movement by Creoles
• Least oppressed, best
educated.
• Adopted Enlightenment
ideas from education in
Europe.
• Discontent rises among
Creoles, Spain
suppresses any revolt.
• Napoleon actually starts
the revolt by removing
the Spanish King and
putting his brother on
the throne in the
Peninsular War. 1808.
End of Spanish Rule in South America
• Two major generals
begin revolt.
• Simon Bolivar
• Venezuela declares
independence from
Spain in 1811.
• Not very successful at
first, went into exile
twice.
• 1819, surprised the
Spanish Army and won,
independence gained by
1821.
Mexico
•
•
•
•
Class system dominates South
America, Mexico has more
ethnic and racial groups.
Indians and Mestizos play a role
in the independence
movement.
Miguel Hidalgo makes the first
cry for independence in 1810.
• Priest in Dolores.
Began a march towards Mexico
City, 60,000 involved. Creoles
and Spanish army didn’t like
this idea of lower class
Revolution so they defeat
Hidalgo’s army in 1811
• Firing Squad
Mexico gains Independence
• Jose Maria Morelos
attempts to rally rebel forces
after Hidalgo is defeated,
Morelos is defeated by
Creoles in 1815.
• Creole class begin move
towards independence in
1821, fearing a loss of rights.
• Leading creole attempts to
block any independence
movement apart from
Mexico, but he is
overthrown in 1823.
Impact of Revolution
• Independence brought
an increase in poverty.
• Why?
• A united Latin America
collapsed with poverty
and upheaval.
• Bolivar’s territories
would divide as well as
the Provinces of
Central America.
Colonial Society in Latin America
• Peninsulares
– Men born in Spain, able to
hold high offices.
• Creoles
– Spaniards born in Latin
America, work as officers in
the army.
• Mestizos
– Mixed descent, European
and Indian ancestry
• Mulattos
– Mixed descent, European
and African
• Indians
– Oppressed minority.