US History, October 13
● Entry Task: Fill out the top of
your paper.
● Announcements:
● Grades have been updated! (Currently - *s
(stars/excused) in for: Legislative Branch,
Sen/Rep Research, and Letter Template changes to a zero if you don’t turn it in by
Wed)
● TEST next Tuesday! Study Guide
● Wednesday: Time to work with
chromebooks
● Checks and Balances - quiz on Thurs
● REVIEW from
yesterday:
● Bill of Rights - how do
Supreme Court
decisions impact YOU
(examples)?
BACK OF YOUR PAPER:
Concerns of AntiFederalists (find text
Ideas in the
Federalist Papers
1.
(find text to support ONE
of these)
to support ONE of these)
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Amending the Constitution
2014 State laws regarding same-sex
marriage in the United States1
Same-sex marriage legal
Same-sex marriage performed elsewhere
recognized
Same-sex marriage legalization pending,
but not yet in effect2
No prohibition or recognition of same-sex
marriage in territory law
Judicial ruling(s) overturning the same-sex
marriage ban stayed indefinitely pending
appeal
Judicial ruling(s) overturning the ban on
recognizing same-sex marriage performed
elsewhere stayed indefinitely pending appeal
Same-sex marriage banned contrary to
federal appellate court precedent against the
ban
Same-sex marriage banned
Millenial - Born 1980s-early 2000s
Gen X - Born 1960s to early 1980s
Boomers - Born 1943-1960s
Silent - Born 1925-1942
TWO VIEWPOINTS
● “Today, there is
widespread political
activity aimed at
destroying the
foundations of our
liberty by promoting
the supremacy of the
individual at the
expense of social
order.”
● “A government
big enough to give
you everything
you want, is big
enough to take
away everything
you have.”
● 9/13 states (specially elected conventions) needed to
ratify the Constitution (no Bill of Rights included)
● Supporters of the Constitution began the campaign
to convince the states September 1787-July 1788
● Ratification was NOT a foregone conclusion!
● Supporters of the
Constitution were called
“Federalists”
● A loosely organized group
called “Anti-Federalists”
were against ratification
● Rejection by any of the
four most prominent
states-Massachusetts,
New York, Pennsylvania,
or Virginia would have
doomed the Constitution
WHAT WERE THE
CONCERNS OF THE
ANTI-FEDERALISTS??
- Read with your table find text to support at
least ONE of the
concerns we listed.
● Absence of Bill of Rights
● President would be too much like a
King
● Congress would have power to tax =
take property
● States’ Rights - distance of
government
● Government officials = too similar to
aristocracy (Example – Senators)
● Allows slavery to continue
● The Antifederalist Agrippa reminds his readers "it is the
opinion of the ablest writers on the subject, that no
extensive empire can be governed upon republican
principles, and that such a government will degenerate to
a despotism ( ___________________) unless it be
made up of a confederacy of smaller states...this is
precisely the principle which has hitherto preserved our
freedom."
● Moreover, "the idea of ... republic, on an average, one
thousand miles in length, and eight hundred in breadth,
and containing six million white inhabitants all reduced to
the same standard of morals or habits, and of laws, is in
itself an absurdity and contrary to the whole experience of
mankind." But that is the idea behind the proposed plan.
● Ought (should) not a government, vested with such
extensive and indefinite authority, to have been
restricted by a declaration of rights? It certainly
ought. So clear a point is this, that I cannot help
suspecting that persons who attempt to persuade
people that such reservations were less necessary
under this Constitution than under those of the
States, are willfully endeavoring to deceive, and to
lead you into an absolute state of vassalage
(____________________).
● An Old Whig offers two arguments against the adoption of the
Constitution in its present state. First, he argues that the people
should never "surrender up" to government the "LIBERTY OF
CONSCIENCE." (FREEDOM OF THOUGHT) ...And how will these
wicked future rulers invade our essential rights of "liberty of
conscience, of freedom of speech and of writing and publishing
their thoughts on public matters, of trial by jury, of holding
themselves, their houses and papers free from seizure and search
upon general suspicion and general warrants?" How will the
people be "secured in the enjoyment of life, liberty and property
without depending on the will and pleasure of their rulers?" The
future rulers will rely on the "unlimited power of taxation," and
the presence of "a standing army." Second, he warns that the
Presidency "is in reality to be a KING." Are we ready "to receive a
king?"
● Absence of Bill of Rights
● President would be too much like a
King
● Congress would have power to tax =
take property
● States’ Rights - distance of
government
● Government officials = too similar to
aristocracy (Example – Senators)
● Allows slavery to continue
The
Federalist
Papers
•The Federalist Papers were a series of 85 essays written
by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay
which supported the Constitution and convinced
Americans that a stronger national government was
needed.
•Supported the Constitution and a strong central government
● The essays linked opposition to the new
Constitution with hot-headed liberals (Patrick
Henry) and those with a vested interest in
maintaining a weak government (George
Clinton).
What’s so special about states’
rights???
● Anti-Federalists believed that:
● Effective administration could only
exist in small territory with
homogenous population
● In large, diverse republics, differences
in condition, interest, and habit are
ignored for uniform administration
● A large national government would
impose uniform rules despite
American diversity – leads to hardship
& inequity
FEDERALIST PAPERS
● The authors of THE FEDERALIST Papers
had varying and sometimes clashing
ideas about government, but they agreed
strongly on certain fundamental ideas:
● republicanism
● Federalism
● separation of powers
● free government.
Federalist Paper 1--Alexander
Hamilton
● …a dangerous ambition more often
lurks behind the specious mask of
zeal for the rights of the people than
under the forbidden appearance of
zeal for the firmness and efficiency
of government…
Federalist Paper 51--James
Madison
● If men were angels, no government would be
necessary. If angels were to govern men,
neither external nor internal controls on
government would be necessary. In framing
a government which is to be administered by
men over men, the great difficulty lies in this:
You must first enable the government to
control the governed; and in the next place,
oblige it to control itself.
Federalist Paper 63 – James
Madison
● …There are particular moments in public affairs,
when the people stimulated by some irregular
passion, or some illicit advantage, or misled by the
artful misrepresentations of interested men, may
call for measures which they themselves will
afterwards be the most ready to lament and
condemn. In these critical moments, how salutary
will be the interference of some temperate and
respectable body of citizens, in order to check the
misguided career, and to suspend the blow mediated
by the people against themselves, until reason,
justice and truth, can regain their authority over the
public mind?
Federalist Papers #69 – Alexander
Hamilton
● A feeble executive implies a feeble execution of
the government. A feeble execution is but
another phrase for a bad execution; and a
government ill executed, whatever may be its
theory, must be, in practice, a bad
government.
● Complaints are everywhere heard from our most
considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the
friends of public and private faith, and of public
and personal liberty, that our governments are too
unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the
conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too
often decided, not according to the rules of justice
and the rights of the minor party, but by the
superior force of an interested and overbearing
majority... ● …A zeal (___________________________) for different
opinions concerning religion, concerning government, and many
other points; …an attachment to different leaders ambitiously
contending (___________________) for… power; or to persons
of other descriptions whose fortunes have been interesting to the
human passions, have, in turn, divided mankind into parties,
inflamed them with mutual animosity
(______________________), and rendered them much more
disposed to vex and oppress each other than to co-operate for their
common good… If a faction consists of less than a majority, relief is
supplied by the republican principle, which enables the majority to
defeat its sinister (___________________) views by regular
vote… the representatives whose enlightened views and virtuous
sentiments render them superior to local prejudices and schemes of
injustice…
TWO VIEWPOINTS
● “Today, there is
widespread political
activity aimed at
destroying the
foundations of our
liberty by promoting
the supremacy of the
individual at the
expense of social
order.”
● “A government
big enough to give
you everything
you want, is big
enough to take
away everything
you have.”
First 10 Amendments to the
Constitution in 1791
Rights and freedoms won in
the Revolution are preserved
and protected…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FREEDOM of Religion, 6.
Press, Speech,
Assembly, Petition
7.
RIGHT TO KEEP AND
8.
BEAR ARMS
No QUARTERING of
9.
soldiers in peacetime
NO UNREASONABLE
SEARCH and SEIZURE 10.
PROTECTION of
ACCUSED
RIGHT TO A SPEEDY,
PUBLIC TRIAL BY JURY
TRIAL BY JURY IN CIVIL
SUITS
NO EXCESSIVE FINES or
CRUEL PUNISHMENT
POWERS RESERVED TO
THE PEOPLE
POWERS RESERVED TO
THE STATES
In order for the new
Constitution to become
the “law of the land”, 9 of
13 states had to ratify the
Constitution.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Delaware
30 – 0
Pennsylvania 46 – 23
New Jersey 38 – 0
Georgia 26 – 0
Connecticut 128 – 40
Massachusetts 187–168
Maryland
63 – 11
South Carolina 149 – 73
New Hampshire 57 – 47
Virginia 89 – 79
New York
30 – 27
North Carolina 194 – 77
Rhode Island
34 – 22
Hamilton & Jefferson were the most influential of
the cabinet members but they had different views
on the role of gov’t for the new nation
Disagreements between Hamilton & Jefferson
led to the 1st American political parties