1 of 4
Instructor: Nicole Stevens
Semester: Fall 2007
Chemistry 100
Quiz 8--Part 1
Do NOT write on this part of the test. Mark your final answers on a separate bubble sheet.
Mark questions 1-2 true or false.
a.
b.
TRUE
FALSE
1.
Sex hormones are synthesized from cholesterol.
2.
The birth control method "the pill" prevents pregnancy by causing immediate sloughing of uterine lining.
For questions 3-6, match the drug on the left with the drug TYPE on the right.
3.
methamphetamines
4.
alcohol
5.
PCP
6.
heroin
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
narcotic
sex hormone
NSAID
depressant
diuretic
stimulant
psychedelic
chemotherapy agent
For questions 7-10, match the drug function on the right with the drug on the left, as discussed
in class.
7.
can be used in treating glaucoma
8.
an anti-metabolite used in chemotherapy
9.
stimulates fight-or-flight responses
10. narcotic isolated from opium
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
acetaminophen
PCP
morphine
estrogen
cisplatin
nitroglycerin
cortisol
chloroform
nitrogen mustards
marijuana
2 of 4
Instructor: Nicole Stevens
Semester: Fall 2007
Name
Chemistry 100
Quiz 8--Part 2
Write directly on this part of the test. SHOW ALL WORK!
I.
Let's talk about aspirin!
a. Aspirin belongs to a class of drugs called NSAIDs. What does NSAID stand for?
1/2
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
b. What does aspirin do and how does it work?
Aspirin reduces inflammation, pain and fever by inhibiting chemical messengers called
prostaglandins that are sent to the brain from a site of injury or infection. The brain
doesn't receive the message to feel pain or cause fever and inflammation, so
these symptoms are reduced.
2
c.
2
II.
What are some problems associated with taking aspirin?
Aspirin can affect blood platelets by inhibiting a chemical they produce that causes
clotting. This can cause the blood to "thin" and can cause uncontrolled bleeding.
Aspirin, because it's an acid, can also cause ulcers in the GI tract. Some people are
allergic to aspirin. Aspirin, in high enough doses, can be toxic to the liver and kidneys.
a. Name a neurotransmitter.
see following list
1
b. What is the above neurotransmitter made from?
see following list
1/2
c. List 3 roles of the above neurotransmitter.
see following list
1
1
1
III.
Look at the picture of a neuron below. Label the requested parts.
dendrite
1
cell body
1
axon
1
3 of 4
Instructor: Nicole Stevens
Semester: Fall 2007
Name
Chemistry 100
Quiz 8--Part 2
Write directly on this part of the test. SHOW ALL WORK!
IV.
Describe how each drug listed below works.
2
a. MAOI
MAOI stands for monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Once a neurotransmitter is received
into a neuron receptor, it needs to be deactivated so the neuron recognizes that the
message has been received. Monoamine oxidase oxidizes the amine of the
neurotransmitter, deactivating it. Sometiems, if we have too much monoamine oxidase
it can deactivate the neurotransmitters before they are received, so the messages
are not received correctly, causing mental illness. MAOIs keep the enzyme from
deactivating the neurotransmitters too quickly, giving them more time to send the
messages so the brain functions properly. MAOIs affect all neurotransmitters, so they
can lead to non-specific side-effects.
2
b. SSRI
SSRI stands for Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor. This is a drug used in
preventing symptoms of mental illness. Sometimes mental illnesses or
imbalances are caused because the neuron sending a signal reabsorbs the neurotransmitter before it has had a chance to reach the receptors of the receiving neuron.
This drug inhibits reuptake of serotonin, giving the neurotransmitters more time to
reach the receiving neuron, allowing messages to be sent and the brain to function
properly (mood, appetite, sexuality, etc.).
2
c.
Penicililn
Penicillin is used as a curative drug to treat bacterial infections.
It inhibits certain enzymes needed by bacteria to build cell walls. Without cell walls,
the cells fall apart and die. It does not affect our cells because our cells use
cell membranes, but not cell walls.
2
BONUS!!
1
1
d. Caffeine
Caffeine is a stimulant that mimics the actions of norepinephrine and
adrenaline in our bodies--it increases levels of dopamine in our brains (this produces
a "high" and contributes to its addictivity), and induces fight-or-flight
responses. This is when our body is in a high state of alert, ready for an emergency.
Blood pressure and heart rate rises, breathing increases, blood flow decreases to
extremitites and increases to muscles and vital organs, and blood glucose
rises. It makes us feel nervous, jumpy, irritable and keeps us awake.
All neurotransmitters we discussed have a certain FUNCTIONAL GROUP in common.
a. Name this functional group.
amine
b. Draw the general structure of this functional group.
--NH2
Instructor: Nicole Stevens
4 of 4
Semester: Fall 2007
Possible Answers for Question II:
Neurotransmitter
Produced from:
Functions
Serotonin
Tryptophan (amino acid)
Mood regulation
Sleep
Emesis (vomiting)
Sexuality
Appetite
Norepinephrine
Tyrosine (amino acid)
Attention
Impulsivity
Fight or flight responses (heart rate, energy,
muscle readiness)
Dopamine
Tyrosine (amino acid)
Sympathetic nervous system (heart rate, blood
pressure)
Movement
Cognitive functions (memory, learning, problemsolving, attention)
Pleasure
Acetylcholine
Choline (vitamin)
Exitatory actions (muscle contraction, stress)
General brain function