Pig Dissection Part # 5
Respiratory and Excretory
System
Fall 2008
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Throat Anatomy Review
Mouth
Pharynx - throat
Esophagus – food pipe
Trachea – windpipe
Glottis – opening into
trachea
• Epiglottis – tissue flap
that covers trachea when
one swallows
• Larynx – “Voicebox”
• Pleural membranes line
the thoracic cavity and
cover the lungs
Nose – Part of Respiratory
Anatomy
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Paranasal sinuses
Sinus = space
Why in skull?
Sinuses drain into nose
Often get infected
Called?
Sinusitis or “Sinus”
Lungs
• Right lung – 3
lobes
• Names?
• Left lung – 2
lobes
• Names?
• Why asymmetry?
Respiratory Anatomy
• Trachea branches (bifurcates) into two
smaller primary bronchi (bronchus)
• Bronchitis?
• Bronchi further branch into smaller
tubes called secondary bronchi
• These branch into yet smaller tubes
called tertiary bronchi
• Which branch into yet smaller tubes
called bronchioles
• Called terminal bronchiole when they
end at an air sac – alveolus (alveoli)
Alveoli Air Sacs
• Resemble cluster of
grapes
• Advantage to their
shape?
• Surrounded by
microscopic
capillaries
• Thin-walled
• Allow gas diffusion
Alveoli Gas Exchange
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Carbon Dioxide moves
from deoxygenated blood
to alveolus; exhaled
Where is this blood coming
from?
Inhaled oxygen moves from
alveolus into blood,
oxygenating it
Where will this blood go?
Pneumonia
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Usually caused by infection with pathogen
Causes fluid build up in lungs
Less respiratory gas exchange
Can be fatal
Asthma
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Involuntary constriction of bronchi
Result?
Less oxygen to lungs
Cause: allergen, stress, unknown?
Treatment: often inhaler to dilate bronchi
Emphysema
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Usually due to years of
smoking
Breakdown of walls in
alveolar sacs
Result?
Less surface area for
gas exchange
Result?
Less O2 in blood
Also loss of ability of
lungs to “spring back”
upon exhaling
Symptoms?
Difficulty exhaling,
shortness of breath
Treatment: oxygen tank
Basic Excretory Anatomy
• Renal = kidney
• Location?
• Dorsal in abdominal
cavity, just inferior to
diaphragm
• Right one sits lower
• Why?
• Adrenal endocrine
glands sit on superior
surface
• Ureters drain urine
from kidney to
bladder
• Urinary bladder
drains into urethra
Renal System Blood Supply
• Renal Artery takes
blood into kidney to
“feed” kidney and
be filtered of waste
• Waste is?
• Renal Vein
removes blood from
kidney that is
cleaned of urea, but
contains C02 from
kidney
• What major vessels
do these branch
from and drain into?
More Renal Blood Flow
•Renal Artery branches
from?
•Abdominal descending
aorta
•Renal Vein drains
into?
•Inferior Vena Cava