ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized E4420 V12 REV NATIONAL POWER TRANMISSION CORPORATION Northern Power Projects Management Board ------------------------------- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (Final) SUBPROJECT: HOA BINH - TAY HA NOI 220KV TRANMISSION LINE PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE OF ENERGY Ha Noi, March 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. 6 SUMMARY REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................ 7 1. PROJECT INFORMATION ...................................................................................................... 7 2. MAIN CONTENTS OF PROJECT............................................................................................ 7 3. IMPACTS AND METHODS TO MINIMINZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................................................................ 11 4. PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OBSERVATION AND MONITORING ............................................................................................................................ 13 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 14 1. ORIGIN OF PROJECT ............................................................................................................ 14 2. LEGAL FRAME AND TECHNICAL BASIS TO IMPLEMENT ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ................................................................................................... 14 2.1. Legal frame ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.2. Environmental standards and regulations .......................................................................... 16 2.3. Safety policies of World Bank........................................................................................... 16 2.4. Technical document and data generated and collected by the project owner ................... 18 3. APPLIED METHODS DURING EIA PERIOD ...................................................................... 20 4. EIA IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY OF PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................... 24 1.1 Project name ........................................................................................................................... 24 1.2 Project owner .......................................................................................................................... 24 1.3 Geographical position of project ............................................................................................ 24 1.4. The main content of the project ............................................................................................. 33 1.4.1. The objective of the project ............................................................................................ 33 1.4.2 The scale of the project .................................................................................................... 33 1.4.3 Construction items ........................................................................................................... 33 1.4.4 . Description of the construction methods of the works of the project ............................ 44 1.4.4.1 . Key Technology Solutions .......................................................................................... 44 1.4.5. Construction methods ..................................................................................................... 45 1.4.6. Demands for raw materials ............................................................................................. 48 1.4.7. Machinery and equipment for the project....................................................................... 49 Vehicles, machinery and construction equipment in the table can be replaced by vehicles, and other machinery with equivalent technical features. ..................................................................... 49 1.4.8. Organization of the project ............................................................................................. 49 1.4.9. Implementation progress and human .............................................................................. 51 CHAPTER 2: THE NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ................................................. 54 AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION ....................................................................... 54 2.1. THE NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ............................................... 54 2.1.2. Meteorological Conditions ............................................................................................. 58 2.1.3. Hydrological conditions ................................................................................................. 65 2.1.4. The geological phenomena of physics, electrical resistivity .......................................... 67 2.1.5. The status of the physical components of the environment ........................................... 67 2.1.7. The environmental incidents .......................................................................................... 81 2.2. SOCIO – EMCONOMY CONDITIONS .............................................................................. 82 2.2.1. Preliminary socio – economy conditions of planed area ................................................ 82 2.2.2. Socio-economic conditions of households in row .......................................................... 88 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE CHAPTER 3: ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................... 92 3.1. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS IN PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE .... 94 3.1.1. Sources of impacts relating to wastes in preparation phase ........................................... 94 3.1.2. Sources of impacts relating to wastes in construction phase .......................................... 94 3.1.3. Sources of impact without relation to wastes in the preparation and construction phase100 3.1.4. Impacts of the risks and incidents in the preparation and construction phase .............. 109 3.2. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS IN THE OPERATION PHASE ........................................ 110 3.2.1. Sources of impacts relating to the operation phase ...................................................... 110 3.2.2. Sources of impacts without relation to the wastes in operation phase ......................... 110 3.2.3. Impacts of risks and incidents in the operation phase .................................................. 112 3.3. TARGET AND SCOPE AFFECTED BY PROJECT......................................................... 114 3.3.1. Impacts on the natural environment ............................................................................. 114 3.3.2. Impacts on public health ............................................................................................... 115 3.3.3. The interactions among the projects ............................................................................. 115 3.4. COMMENTS ON CONTENTS AND RELIABILITY OF ASSESSMENT ...................... 116 CHAPTER 4: METHODS TO PREVENT, MINIMIZE NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND HANDLE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ........................................... 118 4.1. METHODS TO PREVENT, MINIMIZE NEGATIVE IMPACTS .................................... 118 4.1.1. Minimize the impacts in the preparation phase ............................................................ 118 4.1.2. Minimize the impacts in the construction phase .......................................................... 120 4.1.3. Minimizing impacts in the operation phase .................................................................. 129 4.2. PREVENTIVE METHODS AND RESPONSEs TO RISK , INCIDENTS ....................... 130 4.2.1. Preventive methods and responses in preparation and construction phase .................. 130 4.2.2. Method of prevention and responses in the operation phase ........................................ 132 CHAPTER 5: .................................................................................................................... 134 PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION...... 134 5.1. PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .................................................. 134 5.2. PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION ..................................................... 143 CHAPTER 6: PUBLIC CONSULTANCY .................................................................... 147 6.1. OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 147 6.2. OPINIONS OF CPCS.......................................................................................................... 147 6.3. OPINIONS OF COMMUNITY .......................................................................................... 148 6.4. FEEDBACK FROM THE PUBLIC CONSULTANCY ..................................................... 148 CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND COMMITMENT .............................. 149 1. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION .............................................................................. 149 2. COMMITMENT .................................................................................................................... 149 2.1. Commitments to minimize the environmental impacts ................................................... 149 2.2. Commitment to comply with Laws, Standards and Regulations of Vietnam ................. 150 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE CPC ABBREVIATIONS Commune People’s Committee TEP Transmission Efficient Project ECOP Environmental Code of Practice EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Electromagnetic Field EMP Environmental Management Plan EVN Electricity of Vietnam GOV Government of Vietnam HH Household HV High voltage LV Low Voltage MOIT Ministry of Industry and Trade MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MV Medium Voltage NGO Northern Grid Company NPT National Power Transmission Corporation OHL Overhead Line PAH Project Affected Household PCBs Polychlorinated Biphenyls PMU Network Project Management Unit (under the NPC) PPC Provincial People’s Committee ROW Right of Way IE Institute of Energy WB World Bank INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE LIST OF TABLES Table 0.1: Position coordinate of project......................................................................................... 8 Table 0.2: Total investment cost.................................................................................................... 10 Table 0.3: List of members who make environmental impact assessment report ......................... 21 Table 1.1: Position coordinate of project....................................................................................... 24 Table 1.2: The Proposed line from G17 to G21 ............................................................................ 29 Table 1.3: Summary of features of the transmission line. ............................................................ 34 Table 1.4: Statistics of the tranmission line................................................................................... 39 Table 1.5: Number of column needed to be assemplied ............................................................... 40 Table 1.6: Number of foundations needed to be constructed. ................................................... 40 Table 1.7: Volumn of main construction ....................................................................................... 41 Table 1.8: The technical features of the conductor ACSR 330/43 ................................................ 44 Table 1.9: Supplies of materials and equipment ........................................................................... 48 Table 1.10: Summarized table of major vehicles and equipment.................................................. 49 Table 1.11: Construction progress of each item are shown in the following table ....................... 52 Table 1.12: Total investment ......................................................................................................... 53 Table 2.1: The natural and environmental condition ..................................................................... 54 Table 2.2: Characteristics of topography, local geology project going through. .......................... 55 Table 2.3: Main criteria of soil layers ........................................................................................... 57 Table 2.4: Soil physical and mechanical anchor columns in the section crossing the Black River ....................................................................................................................................................... 58 Table 2.5: Average temperature of January in the year. ................................................................ 59 Table 2.6: Average annual humidity. ............................................................................................ 60 Table 2.7: Total sunshine hours of the month and year are shown in Table 2.5 after. .................. 61 Table 2.8: The monthly average wind speed and five ................................................................... 61 Table 2.9: Average monthly evaporation ...................................................................................... 62 Table 2.10 Average monthly rainfall in year. ................................................................................ 64 Number of days with thunderstorm lightning in the area average in the following table: ............ 64 Table 2.11 Number of days in the year Lightning. ........................................................................ 64 Bảng 2.12. List of rivers and streams affected by project ............................................................. 65 Table 2.13 The results of the resistivity measurements of soil ..................................................... 67 Table 2.22. Types of trees along the projects ................................................................................ 79 Table 2.23: Socio – economy conditions in local area of Hoa Binh province .............................. 82 Table 2.24: The socio-economic conditions of local areas in Hanoi city...................................... 87 Table 2.25: List of households in the row ..................................................................................... 88 Table 3.1: Coefficient of air pollution for trucks .......................................................................... 94 Table 3.3:Amount of fuel consumption for construction machinery and equipment.................... 94 Table 3.4:Coefficient of pollutant emissions................................................................................. 95 Table 3.6: Pollution coefficient of air pollutants from burning DO .............................................. 95 Table 3.7: Estimated amount of pollution from burning DO ........................................................ 95 Table 3.8: the concentration of air pollutantsdue to burn DO for generators ................................ 96 Table 3.9:Noise level caused by construction machinery. ............................................................ 97 Table 3.10: Amount of sewage ...................................................................................................... 98 Table 3.11: Concentration of pollutants in sewage without treatment .......................................... 98 Table 3.12: Amount of wastes ....................................................................................................... 99 Table 3.13. List of the affected power line and communication line .......................................... 106 Table 3.14: Allowable number of working hours........................................................................ 111 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Table 5.1: Plan of environmental management ........................................................................... 138 Table 5.2:Program of supervising the wastes and environment. ................................................. 143 Table 5.3: Cost estimation of neighborhood environment .......................................................... 146 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: The proposed line going through Da River .............................................................. 27 Figure 1.2: The proposed line for the part across Da river ........................................................ 28 Figure 1.3: The line from G17 to G21 ........................................................................................... 29 Figure 1.4: The proposed line from G21 to G30 .......................................................................... 30 Figure 1.5: The line passing through Xuan Mai area ................................................................. 31 Figure 1.6: The proposed line in Quoc Oai, Hanoi ...................................................................... 32 Figure 2.2: Location map G26 – Endpoint ................................................................................... 68 Figure 3.2:Diagram of sources of impacts relating to wastes ..................................................... 92 Figure 3.2:Diagram of sources of impacts without relation to wastes ....................................... 93 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE SUMMARY REPORT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT According to Power Development Plan of Hanoi during the period of 2011 – 2015 and outlook to 2020, which is approved in Decision No.4351/QD-BCT dated 29/8/2011 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the 220kV Hoa Binh - Tay Hanoi transmission line is expected to operate in 2014. This project has responsibility to supply sufficient electricity to meet the demands of the Western area of Hanoi. This area includes Son Tay town and 6 districts at the North of Highway 6: Ba Vi, Phuc Tho, Dan Phuong, Hoai Duc, Thach That and Quoc Oai. These are important load areas with strong socio-economic development. Moreover, this project contributes to improve the stability of power supply for power transmission system of Hanoi and surrounding areas, which ensures to stably operate national power system. 1. PROJECT INFORMATION a. Information of project owner: Project name: 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line - Project owner: The Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board – PMB - Director: Mr. Phan Luong Thien - Address: 1111D Hong Ha street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi - Telephone: (04).2210.3112 - Fax: (04).3984.0824 b. Bases of assessment report of environmental impacts Institute of Energy – Ministry of Industry and Trade - Address: 06 Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi. - Telephone: (04) 3852.3730-3852.9310 - Fax: (04) 3852.9302-3852.3311. - E-mail: bbt@ievn.com.vn; website: www.ievn.com.vn - Representative: Mr. Hoang Tien Dung; Position: Director of Institute of Energy 2. MAIN CONTENTS OF PROJECT a. Geographical position of project Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line has main characteristics as follows. - Start point: 220kV bus bar in Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant of 220kV switchyard; - End point: 220kV busbar at 220kV Tay Ha Noi substation, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi; - The proposed length of the line: 50,6 km; - Location: going through Hoa Binh, Ky Son and Luong Son district (Hoa Binh province), Quoc Oai district (Hanoi City); - Long span: getting over Da River; - Crossing the highway: 1 time (Highway No. 21) - Main terrain conditions: + Section across Hoa Binh: Main terrain is low hills and mountains; + Section across Hanoi: Main terrain is low hills and mountains; - The number of affected houses: 65. Transmission line selection is based on the main criteria as follows. - The shortest length of the line; - The most favorable geographical condition; - The most favorable terrain condition; - Limit the number of turning angles to reduce investment cost of project; - Easy to construct and monitor, etc. Other criteria: - Comply with National Power Development Master Plan; - Comply with Power Development Plan of Hoa Binh and Hanoi; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE - Not much affect to residential area and planning area; - Avoid military area, historical – cultural monument, national forest, etc. - No effect on the environment, landscape and other factors Position coordinates of project are shown in Table 0.1 Table 0.1: Position coordinates of project Coordinates Turning Height of No. angle column N E 1 DD 37 533.486 2301868 2 G1 37 533.226 2302236 3 G2 37 533.109 2302911 4 G3 47 533.113 2303279 5 G4 37 533.495 2304123 6 G5 37 533.495 2304123 7 G6 37 533.740 2304497 8 G7 37 534.202 2305465 9 G8 37 534.281 2306082 10 G9 52 534.400 2306673 11 G10 37 534.449 2307143 12 G11 37 534.530 2309012 13 G12 37 534.701 2310073 14 G13 37 535.169 2310495 15 G14 37 536.495 2310467 16 G15 37 536.990 2310508 17 G16 37 538.787 2311164 18 G17 37 539.196 2312221 19 G18 37 539.855 2312551 20 G19 37 541.094 2313548 21 G20 37 542.210 2313400 22 G21 37 543.985 2313547 23 G22 37 545.207 2313994 24 G23 37 546.376 2313997 25 G24 37 548.065 2313212 26 G25 37 548.458 2313027 27 G26 37 549.172 2313002 28 G27 47 550.814 2313211 29 G28 47 552.256 2311547 30 G29 47 555.348 2310652 31 G30 37 555.901 2310663 32 G31 37 556.377 2312581 33 G32 37 558.130 2314025 34 G33 62 558.888 2314338 35 G34 62 559.399 2313479 36 G35 37 559.527 2312774 37 G36 47 561.961 2313542 38 G37 47 562.459 2314049 39 G38 47 564.513 2315920 40 G39 47 564.795 2316871 41 G40 47 566.709 2320240 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE b. Scale, quantity of construction and construction measures Scale of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line project Project of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi (old Hoai Duc) transmission line is constructed with scale and technical specifications as follows: - Voltage: 220kV - Number of circuits: 02 circuits, 04 circuits. - Length of the line: 50.6km - Location: going through Hoa Binh, Ky Son and Luong Son District (Hoa Binh province); Quoc Oai district (Hanoi). - Conductor: ACSR-2x330/43 and AACSR- 2 x 380/50 for Da River span. - Earthling wire: 2 earthling wires, including the usual earthling wires PHLOX 116 and the one with fiber cable OPGW 120, 24 fibers. Especially, one more earthling wire (PHLOX 116) is used in the 3km headline from Hoa Binh switchyard - Insulators: Insulator with suitable load, ceramic, glass or composite. Quantity of insulators is based on creep page distance of 25mm, 20mm/kV. Specifications are equivalent with U70B, U120B, U160B, 210B, U300B (according to IEC standards). - Column: galvanized steel with the tower-shaped column of 4 circuits and 2 free circuits. The column height for Da river span is 72m. - Foundation: The pier and reinforced concrete foundations are used. Mat foundation is used for span. - Grounding: Radial and galvanized-steel. - Reduce vibration for conductor and earthling wire. Expansion of Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant: conducted by Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant Company according to Document No.877/EVN-KH dated 22/3/2012 of EVN. This work is not in the scope of project. Quantity of construction: - The number of steel suspension columns: 78; - The number of steel tension columns: 48; - The number of steel dead-end columns: 2; - The number of crossing columns: 1 tower; - The number of 4T foundations: 124; - The number of mat foundations: 5; Quantity of digging soil for foundation: 58377,49 m3; Quantity of backfilling soil for foundation: 56988,48 m3; - Reinforced foundation: 557,45 tons; Quantity of concrete: 6684 m3; - Quantity of steel columns: 2382 tons; - Quantity of conductor, earthling wire, fiber cable: 883 tons; - The number of tension and suspension strings: 1218; - The number of sets of earthling wires: 381 sets. Construction measures: Foundation construction: - Manual excavation; - Identify the center of foundation location; - Mold, shuttering are produced in the factory and assembled on site; - Steel and reinforced concrete are made on site; - Concrete is mixed on-site by machine and be casted in place; - Install the grounding, backfill foundation hole and return the plane; - Construct the embankment foundation. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Column construction: Columns are transported to the certain location and erected by the method in which there are both manual erection and installation for all steel columns on the line. This process should be complied with the following requirements: - Bolts are tightened and checked by a wrench with a tightening force as prescribed; - Molds, boards, and formworks are produced in the factory and assembled on site; - Steel and reinforced concrete are fabricated on site; - Concrete is mixed and molded on site. Installation of insulators, accessories: - Insulator strings are installed manually at the top. It is necessary to prepare construction equipment such as block, pulley, capstan and cable. - Insulators and accessories should be cleaned before installation. The construction unit will check the broken, cracked insulators and pins before installation. Pulling and stretching for deflection: - Due to topographical conditions in which there are a lot of houses, hills, creeks and a few of relatively flat areas, stretching is mainly carried out manually in combination with machines to keep the lines at a certain height and control speed of pulling the line. - When pulling the line, we should avoid dragging the lines on the ground or hard structures that can cause them to be worn out or scratched. Pulley is used to lay and pull lines through the position of columns. For the installation of fiber cables, it is not allowed to connect lines among the columns. Fiber cable core will be connected by informatics workers. - In the sections crossing over traffic roads, power lines, information lines, and houses, the scaffolds should be firmly erected during stretching period. c. Progress According to Decision No.854/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on approving trade and development investment plan for 5 years (2011 – 2015) of the Electricity of Vietnam, Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line is expected to operate in 2014. d. Investment cost Total investment cost: 526,746,443,000 VND. Table 0.2: Total investment cost No. Expenses Symbol Amount 1 Construction GXL 351,772,961,000 2 Equipment GTB 163,942,000 3 Land clearance GGPMB 17,434,521,000 4 Management GQLDA 5,051,122,000 5 Consultant GTV 17,218,997,000 6 Others GK 7 Contingency GDP Total 42,507,583,000 92,597,767,000 526,746,443,000 Source: Description of project e. Construction organization Project management method is implemented by the Project Management Units as follows: - Investor: National Power Transmission Corporation (NPT); - Project managers: The Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board represents NPT to directly manage the project; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 10 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE - Construction: Comply with the current regulations on construction investment management; - Operation management: Power Transmission Company No.1. 3. IMPACTS AND METHODS TO MINIMINZE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT a. Preparation Phase - Impacts on air: Dust arises from grading and transportation of materials and wastes and construction activities. The affected area is only at construction site, transportation route and surrounding area. - Impacts on water: When it rains, the erosion may pollute the surface water because the original surface layer has been excavated with a layer of biomass and organic soil, and filled with artificial ones to meet construction requirements. This increases the number of solid substances in the eroded surfaces to penetrate into the river, affecting water quality of the project area. - Impacts by solid wastes: The main sources are the excavated, transported topsoil and domestic solid wastes of workers at construction site. If solid wastes are not properly collected and treated in compliance with regulations, it will have negative impacts on human health, environment, and local water contamination as well as the landscape. - Impact of noise and vibration: Noise and vibration arise from land clearance activity and transport of wastes. These impacts are temporary and level of effect is small or medium, but it still causes inconvenience to local people. - Impacts of land acquisition: As calculated, none of the 65 affected households is resettled; however, there are some households losing a part of cultivated land for foundation construction. - Impacts on ecosystem: The survey results showed that the project area is mostly agricultural ecology where there is no rare fauna and flora. Thus, the main impact in this phase is washing away the impurities on the ground into the river and channel, which contaminate the surface water and affect indirectly to the environment of species. Methods of minimizing impacts on environment: - Methods of minimizing impacts on air: to cover construction site by using a system of plastic steel wall (2-4m in height); to utilize excavated soil for backfilling; to cover the trucks carrying material and arrange street sprinklers along the transport route 2 times/day during the dry period. - During the process of the land clearance, the households will lose a part of cultivated land, trees, crops, buildings, which may disturb the life and income of the households. To minimize the adverse impacts of the land clearance, the investor shall comply with the regulations on compensation for the households in the safety area of the 220 kV grids. - Domestic sewage: The amount of sewage is small. Workers will rent houses of local people for accommodation. The sewage will be treated in the septic tank before discharging into the environment. In addition, workers on site are strictly managed to minimize the direct discharge of solid wastes and sewage into the soil, rivers and groundwater. - Solid waste from excavating the topsoil will be disposed by specialized vehicles to dumping sites. - To minimize noise arising from the operation of vehicles and machines in construction site, the effective method is arranging reasonable construction time. Most construction sites are located on the hills and far away from the residential areas, the impact of noise and vibration will be, therefore, greatly reduced. However, method of minimizing impacts of noise will be taken during construction period. - Noise from the operation of the vehicles is minimized by technical solutions, periodic maintenance and high quality equipment. - The maximum working time for workers is based on provisions of Vietnamese standards 3985-1999 on the working environment. The equipment concentration at the site will be INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE regulated to minimize the noise resonance. Old vehicles are not allowed to be used due to cause high level of noise. Vehicles which cause high noise (such as generators, chainsaws, etc.) are located in sheltered areas. The construction areas shall be sheltered to reduce the impacts of noise on surrounding residential areas. b. Construction phase - Impacts on air: The smoke arising during the construction, operation of machines, construction equipment and means of transportation is containing dusts, SOx, NOx, CO, CO2, VOC… It causes environmental pollution in the project area. However, this occurs only locally in the construction period, causing no serious impact on the environment. - Impacts on water: During construction time, there are 10-15 teams working at different project locations. Each team will have about 21-27 workers. The amount of generated sewage is approximately 2.52 - 3.24 (m3/team), including residue, suspended solids, organic matter, nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, the amount of sewage from the construction process is about 1.5-3 m3/day. There is also rainy-water containing suspended solids, chemicals, wasted oil and other pollutants on the surface of construction site. - Impacts from solid wastes: Solid wastes on site including wastes from construction activities and domestic wastes are estimated to be 20kg/day. There are oil residue and other hazardous wastes such as batteries, accumulators, chemical substances, containers of chemicals, oil rags, heavy metals, etc. in the construction process. The amount of hazardous waste is not large but there are many potential risks to the environment during storage and treatment. - Impacts of the noise and vibration: Noise generates during construction process mainly due to construction equipment, concrete mixing systems, pile-driving equipment, operation of generators, etc. - Impact of the concentration of workers: During construction phase, concentration of workers (about 300 people) from different regions. So, there are many different traditions and customs. Moreover, the length of the transmission line is 50.6km, crossing over many localities. This creates some negative impacts such as changing cultural characteristics, spreading diseases, conflicting of interest of job and income, etc. On the contrary, concentration of workers will develop economy of region, increase cultural exchanges and promote service industries. - Impact from increasing traffic flow: Increasing traffic flow could cause traffic accidents, road subsidence and traffic jams. Method of minimizing impacts: - Method of minimizing impacts on air: covering construction site; dividing the site into different small locations and finishing the work one by one to minimize dust; chemical, fuel oil, paint storage areas will be shielded; the containers have lids, warning plates; storage area should be safe and ventilated to reduce impact due to odor and fire. - Domestic sewage: As described above, workers will rent houses of local people for accommodation. Wastewater will be treated in the septic tank before discharging into the environment. - Rainwater: There are drains around the bottom of foundation pits to irrigate water into 2 0.5m3 holes (the main component is ground water and rain water), which will then be deposited to sort out mud sediments. After that, water from the two holes will be pumped into the surrounding rivers and canals. - Method of minimizing impacts of solid wastes and hazardous wastes: Wastes are removed from the site and treated in accordance with the Circular No.12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14/04/2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management. The investors will sign a contract with functional units (eg: URENCO) to collect and dispose hazardous wastes generated during construction period. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 12 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE - Method of minimizing impacts on the concentration of workers: First, priority is given to using local manpower. Second, the contractor shall regularly advice and raise awareness of workers. Additionally, the contractor will cooperate with local authorities to manage construction workers to prevent security disorder and conflict with surrounding residents. - Measures to reduce accidents and traffic jams: Regulate that the speed of vehicles crossing to residential areas is not exceeded 20km/h; the warning lights and traffic signs are equipped in the routes of project. - Contractors and workers are required to strictly implement the regulations on labor safety and fire prevention. c. Operating phase - Impact on air: During operating phase, there are not any activities affecting to air quality. - Impact on water: During operating phase, there are not any activities affecting to water quality. - Impacts from solid wastes and hazardous wastes: Wastes from operation, periodic maintenance activities of project include the broken stoneware, unnecessary electric wire and cutting branches. The amount of waste depends on the number of repairing and maintaining times. - Impacts of electromagnetic fields: Electromagnetic fields can cause heating effects on human body, such as changing the frequency of pulse, heart rate and capillaries reaction, the dysfunction of the central nervous system, arrhythmias, glaucoma ... Methods of minimizing the impacts: - Methods of minimizing the impacts on air: During operating phase, there is no emission; therefore, these methods are not necessarily taken. - Methods of minimizing the impacts on water: During operation phase, there is no generated sewage. Therefore, these methods are not necessarily taken. - Methods of minimizing the impacts on solid wastes: The solid wastes as branches can be utilized for firewood; the replaced wires or broken stoneware are collected and concentrated at specified places. - Methods of minimizing the impacts of electromagnetic fields: Design of transmission line complies with the safety standards on electricity and public health as well as the effects of the corridor. Protective equipment is equipped for the workers who work in the high electromagnetic field. It is necessary to monitor periodically electromagnetic field along the transmission line and set up the safety corridors of grid. 4. PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, OBSERVATION AND MONITORING - Training and improving the ability of environmental management for staffs and operation workers. - Develop the system of environmental reporting for the corresponding levels in the operating phase. - Monitor and observe the specific indicators of the pollution of water, air, soil, and electromagnetic fields. - Check and take methods to minimize negative impacts on the environment and recover the environment after construction. - Identify the risks of environmental degradation and take timely preventive measures. - Inspect the performance of the works and pollution treatment facilities. - Apply technical solutions in designing to control the intensity of electromagnetic fields in a corridor area (under 5kV/m). INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 13 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE INTRODUCTION 1. ORIGIN OF PROJECT The West of Hanoi has been rapidly developing and there are many important power sub loads. There are lacks of 220kV power supply in this area because the power is partly supplied by 220kV substations of Ha Dong, Chem, Xuan Mai that are inherently overloaded. Therefore, Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line mainly aims at supplying power for Western areas of Hanoi. Moreover, this project will contribute to supply stable electricity for Hanoi and other regions, as well as to reduce the load for 220kV transmission lines from Hoa Binh to Ha Dong and Xuan Mai. The project of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line aims at supplying power from Hoa Binh 220kW transformer station to the national grid, meeting the requirement on industrial, economic – social development of Hoa Binh province and the Western areas of Hanoi in the period of 2011 – 2015. The project of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line is under Master Plan of National Power Development in the period of 2011 – 2020, vision to 2030 (Master Plan VII) approved by the Prime Minister in the Decision No.1208/QD-TTg dated 21/7/2011. Complying with Law on Environmental Protection dated 29/11/2005 of National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP of the Government provides strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment, Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18/7/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and sub-law documents of the Government and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Moreover, according to instructions of Circular 26/2011/TTBTNMT dated 18/7/2011 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board cooperates with the Institute of Energy – Ministry of Industry and Trade to make a report on environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the project of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line. This report is made to assess the environmental impacts, to propose methods of minimizing the negative impacts, to prevent and respond to environmental incidents, to develop environmental monitoring and assessment program based on the sustainable development principles during construction and operation phase of the project. 2. LEGAL FRAME AND TECHNICAL BASIS TO IMPLEMENT ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2.1. Legal frame 1. Law on Environmental Protection 2005 of National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated 29/11/2005, under Decision No. 52/2005/QH11; 2. Construction Law is approved on 26/11/2003 at the 4th session of National Assembly XI, to be promulgated on 10/12/2003; 3. Law on Electricity is promulgated on 03/12/2004 by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam according to Decision No. 28/2004/QH11; 4. Law on People’s Health Protection – Law No. 21-LCT/HDNN8 is approved by the 8th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 30/6/1989; 5. Law on Investment in 2005 is approved by the 11th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the 8th session on 29/11/2005; 6. Law on land – Law No. 13/2003/QH11 is approved by the 11th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the 4th session on 26/11/2003, to be effective from 10/12/2003; 7. Labor Law – Law No. 10/2012/QH13 is approved by 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the 3rd session on 18/06/2012, to be effective from 01/05/2013; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 14 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 8. Biodiversity Law – Law No.20/2008/QH12 is approved by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the 4th session on 13/11/2008, , to be effective from 28/11/2008; 9. Law on Forest Protection and Development – Law No.58/LCT/HĐNN8 is approved by 8th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam at the 9th session on 12/8/1991, to be effective from 19/08/1991; 10. Law on environmental protection tax – Law No.57/2010/QH12 is approved by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 15/11/2010; 11. Law on Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting – Law No.27/2001/QH10 is approved by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 29/06/2001; 12. Law on Investment No. 59/2005/QH11 is promulgated by National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 29/11/2005; 13. Decree No.59/2007/ND-CP dated 09/04/2007 of the Government on solid waste management; 14. Decree No.117/2009/ND-CP dated 31/12/2009 of the Government on the handling of law violations in the domain of environmental protection; 15. Decree No.106/ND-CP dated 17/8/2005 of the Government on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Law on Electricity regarding the safe protection of high-voltage power grid works; 16. Decree No.81/2009/ND-CP dated 12/10/2009 of the Government on amending and supplementing a number of articles of the Government's Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP of August 17, 2005, detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Electricity Law. regarding the safe protection of high-voltage power grid works; 17. Decree No.169/2003/ND-CP dated 24/12/2003 of the Government on electricity safety; 18. Decree No.29/2011/ND-CP dated 18/4/2011 of the Government on providing strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; 19. Decree No.12/2009/ND-CP dated 10/02/2009 of the Government on management of investment projects on the construction of works; 20. Decree No. 69/2009/ND-CP dated 13/08/2009 of the Government on additionally providing for land use planning, land prices, land recovery, compensation, support and resettlement; 21. Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 18/7/2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on detailing a number of articles of the Government's Decree no. 29/2011/ND-CP of April 18th 2011, on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; 22. Circular No.12/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 14/04/2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on stipulating hazardous waste management; 23. Circular No.22/2010/TT-BXD dated 03/12/2010 of the Ministry of Construction on labor safety in work construction; 24. Circular No.28/2011/TT-BTNMT, Circular No.29/2011/TT-BTNMT and Circular No. 33/2011/TT-BTNMT dated 01/8/2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on providing for the technical process of environmental inspection for air and noise, continent surface water and soil; 25. Circular No.16/2009/TT-BTNTM dated 07/10/2009 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on defining national technical regulations on environment; 26. Circular No.39/2010/TT-BTNTM dated 16/12/2010 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on defining national technical regulations on environment; 27. Circular No.03/2010/TT-BCT dated 22/01/2010 of Industry and Trade of Ministry of some regulations on the protection and safety of high voltage power grid works; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 15 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 28. Decision No.1208/QD-TTg dated 21/7/2011 of the Prime Minister approving National Power Development Master Plan in the period of 2011 – 2020 outlooks to 2030. 29. Decision No.16/2008/QD-BTNMT dated 31/12/2008 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on promulgating of national technical regulation on environment; 30. Decision No.4351/QD-BCT dated 29/8/2011 of Ministry of Industry and Trade on approving “Power Development Plan in Hanoi City for 2011 – 2015 outlook to 2020”; 31. Document No.1920/TTg-CN dated 01/12/2005 of the Prime Minister on designing basically of power grid projects. 2.2. Environmental standards and regulations Regulations on air and noise quality: - QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulations on ambient air quality (for CO, SO2, NO2, total dust). - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulations on noise. - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulations on vibration. Regulations on water quality: - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT – National technical regulations on surface water quality. - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT – National technical regulations on wastewater. - QCVN 02:2009/BYT – National technical regulations on domestic water quality. Regulations on soil quality: - QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT: National Technical Regulations on Sediment Quality. - QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulations on the pesticide residues in the soils. Standards and regulations on other environmental quality: - TCVN 4086:1995 group H: Electrical safety in construction - QCVN 01:2008/BCT: National technical regulation on Electric safety. - QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste. - Status on managing and protecting the environment in Vietnam Electricity (QC-09-01), issued with Decision No.546/QD-EVN dated 06/09/2011 of Council Members of Vietnam Electricity. - Decision No.3733/2002/QD-BYT dated 10/10/2002 of the Ministry of Health promulgating 21 labor hygiene standards, 05 principles and 07 labor hygiene measurements (Standard No.14,15,16,17 – Magnetic standard and electric field strength). 2.3. Safety policies of World Bank Assessment report of environmental impacts in Hoa Binh - Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line is complied with safety policies of World Bank such as: Environmental assessment (OP 4.01), Indigenous People (OP/BP 4.10), and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). Moreover, EIA of this project must be complied with the requirements of World Bank’s Safety policies about stakeholders’ consultation and information publication. Implementation of Involuntary Resettlement Policy will be mentioned in another report. The screening has also resulted in categorizing the subproject as a Category B project. In addition, the Bank’s requirements on public consultation and information disclosure will need to be followed. An environmental and social screening of the subproject was undertaken in line with the OP 4.01 and it showed that the World Bank’s policies on Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01), Indigenous People (OP/BP 4.10), and Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) will be triggered for the subproject. The screening has also resulted in categorizing the subproject as a Category B project. In addition, the Bank’s requirements on public consultation and information disclosure will need to be followed. Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01): INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 16 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Environmental Assessment (EA) is an umbrella policy for the Bank’s safeguard policies. The overarching objective is to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. The EA process is intended to identify, avoid and mitigate potential impacts of Bank operations. EA takes into account the natural environment (air, water, and land); human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement, indigenous peoples, and physical cultural resources); and transboundary and global environmental aspects. EA considers natural and social aspects in an integrated way. This subproject triggers OP 4.01 because it involves the construction and operation of a high-voltage substation and connecting overhead transmission lines, requiring the identification, mitigation and monitoring of potential adverse environmental and social impacts. As required by OP 4.01 and the government EA regulation, the subproject has prepared an EIA and an EMP that meet the Government’s and the World Bank’s safeguards requirements. By the TEP appraisal, the subproject draft EIA and EMP have been disclosed locally at the subproject areas and the Bank’s InfoShop in Washington DC on January 24, 2014 as required by OP 4.01 and the Bank’s policy on access to information. The final subproject EIA and EMP were disclosed locally at the subproject sites, at the Bank’s InfoShop, and the Vietnam Development Information Center on April 18, 2014. Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) The Involuntary Resettlement policy seeks to prevent severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage to the affected peoples during involuntary resettlement. OP 4.12 applies whether or not affected persons must move to another location. The Bank describes all these processes and outcomes as “involuntary resettlement,” or simply resettlement, even when people are not forced to move. Resettlement is involuntary when the government has the right to expropriate land or other assets and when affected people do not have the option to retain the livelihood situation that they have. This policy is triggered because the subproject it would have impacts involving the temporary and permanent involuntary taking of land and the loss of structures and assets associated with the land for the construction of the substation and the associated connecting line. By appraisal, the subproject has prepared and disclosed a draft RP locally at the subproject areas and the Bank’s InfoShop in Washington DC on January 24, 2014 as required by OP 4.01 and the Bank’s policy on access to information. The RP includes the measures to ensure that displaced people are: (i) informed about the options regarding resettlement; (ii) consulted and offered alternative resettlement choices; and (iii) provided with effective compensation and livelihood restoration. The final subproject RP was disclosed locally at the subproject sites, at the Bank’s InfoShop, and the Vietnam Development Information Center on April 18, 2014. Indigenous People (OP/BP 4.10)1: This Indigenous Peoples policy is designed to ensure that the development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies and cultures of Indigenous Peoples. The policy requires projects to identify impacts on indigenous peoples and develop a plan to address the impacts, both positive and adverse. Projects should be designed with benefits that reflect the cultural preferences of indigenous peoples. The borrower should carry out free, prior, and informed consultation and obtain broad community support for the project. 1 Full treatment of OP/BP 4.10 can be consulted at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:20543990~menuPK:1286666~pag ePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 17 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE The subproject is located in geographical areas where ethnic minority communities of the Muong people are present. Therefore, this policy is triggered. As required by OP 4.10, an EMPF has been prepared that sets out guidelines to: (a) ensure that the EM people receive social and economic benefits that are culturally appropriate; (b) avoid potentially adverse effects on the ethnic minority communities; and (c) when such adverse impacts cannot be avoided, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for such effects. An EMDP has also been prepared for this subproject. The EMDP includes a summary of the consultations, the scope of impacts and mitigation measures, activities for the enhancement of project implementing agencies and estimated costs for the Plan. All the EMPF and EMDP have been disclosed locally at the subproject areas and the Bank’s InfoShop in Washington DC on January 24, 2014 as required by the Bank’s policy on access to information. World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines World Bank-financed projects should also take into account the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines2 (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice. The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become project- or site-specific requirements. This subproject should conform the Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Electric Power Transmission and Distribution and the General EHS Guidelines. 2.4. Technical document and data generated and collected by the project owner 1. Report of project description, drawings, total investment cost and economic–financial analysis and calculation appendix of the project “Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line” are made by Institute of Energy in April 2012. 2. Environmental inspection result is made by Key Laboratory for High Voltage - Institute of Energy in October 2012. 3. Environmental inspection result of platform is made by Department of Chemistry – Physics Laboratory, Operation Service and Environmental Analysis at Institute of Chemical – Biological Technology and Operation Document in November 2012. 4. Document No.6195/CV-EVN-KH dated 21/11/2007 of Vietnam Electricity on tasking Institute of Energy to construct Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi (old Hoai Duc) 220kV transmission line. 5. Document No.785/UBND-CN dated 19/5/2008 of the People’s Committee of Hoa Binh province on negotiating to the alignment of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line. 6. Document No.132/CDS-QLĐS dated 24/01/2008 of Vietnam Waterway Department on safety clearance of transmission line getting over Da River. 7. Document No.1257/BQP-TM dated 18/3/2008 of Ministry of National Defense on negotiating to the alignment of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line (old Hoai Duc). 8. Document No.107/VNL-TT1 dated 24/9/2009 of Institute of Energy for the approval of position of 220kV, 110kV substation. 2 The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 18 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 9. Document No.1305/QHKT-HTKT dated 03/06/2009 of Hanoi Department of Planning and Architecture on the position of Hoai Duc 220kV substation and connecting 220,110kV transmission lines. 10. Document No.656/VNL-TT1 dated 03/07/2009 of Institute of Energy on the position of 220kV substation. 11. Document No.513/UBND-C dated 09/07/2009 on the position of 220kV substation in Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district. 12. Minutes of working with People’s Committee of Quoc Oai district dated 07/04/2010 on Tay Ha Noi 50/220kV substation and transmission lines which connect with the substation. 13. Document No.1410/QHKT-HTKT dated 11/5/2010 of Hanoi Planning – Architecture Department on location of Tay Ha Noi 500/220kV substation and the alignment of 220kV, 110kV transmission line connecting to the substation. 14. Document No.4208/UBND-CT dated 10/6/2010 of People’s Committee of Hanoi City on arranging the layout of transmission line and Tay Ha Noi substation. 15. Document No.389/UBND-KT dated 18/5/2011 of People’s Committee of Quoc Oai district on agreeing the alignment of Hoa Binh – Quoc Oai 220kV transmission line. 16. Record of field inspection used to establish investment project Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi (old Hoai Duc) 220kV transmission line among National Power Transmission Corporation, the North Power Project Management Unit and Institute of Energy on 8/7/2011. 17. Document No.3032/QHKT-P7 dated 01/9/2011 of Hanoi Planning – Architecture to People’s Committee of Hanoi City on agreeing the alignment of 220kV, 110kV transmission line connecting to Tay Ha Noi (Quoc Oai, old Hoai Duc) 220kV substation. 18. Document No.216/BTM-T1 dated 06/01/2011 of BTL Communication on agreeing to prevent effect of high voltage transmission line to the military communication system. 19. Document No.1418/H47-P1 dated 18/10/2011 of Department of Communication General Department of Logistics and Engineering – Ministry of Public Security on preventing the effect of high voltage transmission line to communication system. 20. Document No.239/ CAHN-PH41B dated 01/03/2012 of Hanoi Police on agreeing to prevent effect of high voltage transmission line to Hanoi Police’s communication system. 21. Document No.1756/BGTVT-KCHT dated 14/3/2012 of Ministry of Transport on agreeing the direction of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line that crossing over Highway 21. 22. Document No.1646/AMB-P5 dated 23/08/2012 of The Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board on informing the content of project, environmental protection methods of “Investment Project of Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line of communes, wards that have transmission line crossing over. 23. Reply document No.51/UBND – VP dated 02/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Ky Son town; 24. Reply document No.27/UBND – VP dated 01/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Dan Hoa commune; 25. Reply document No.--/UBND – VP dated 01/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Huu Nghi precinct; 26. Reply document No.42/UBND dated 02/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Dan Ha commune; 27. Reply document No.41/CV-UBND dated 04/09/2012 of People’s Committee of Hoa Son commune; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 19 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 28. Reply document No.36/UBND dated 03/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Dong Yen commune; 29. Reply document No.1024/UBND dated 03/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Can Huu commune; 30. Reply document No.52/UBND-VP dated 03/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Lam Son commune; 31. Reply document No.--/UBND–VP dated 01/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Tan Thinh precinct; 32. Reply document No.--/UBND–VP dated 01/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Hoa Binh commune; 33. Reply document No.50/UBND–VP dated 02/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Yen Mong commune; 34. Reply document No.47/UBND–VP dated 01/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Mong Hoa commune; 35. Reply document No.67/CV-UBND dated 12/10/2012 of People’s Committee of Luong Son town. 3. APPLIED METHODS DURING EIA PERIOD Methods applied during EIA period of the “Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line Project” includes: Rapid and similar assessment: Rapid and similar assessment method is used to calculate the pollution load of sewage and air in the project area. This method which is proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) is approved to use in many countries. In Vietnam, this method is introduced and applied in many EIA studies. This method is relatively accurate on calculating of pollution load in the limited conditions of measuring and analyzing equipments. In this report, the pollution load coefficients obtained from the guideline document of EIA. Network diagram: This method is based on determining the mutual relationship between the sources of impacts and the affected environmental factors. This relationship is presented by the principles of causes and effects. This method can determine the direct impacts (the primary one) and indirect impacts chain (the secondary one). This method is shown through a network diagram in different types. Public consultation - Sociological investigation: This method is used to investigate, update the information about the socio-economic development in 14 regions. Moreover, the method also aims at investigating and assessing impacts of the proposed Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line and existing transmission line on the life of local people in the project area. It is necessary to directly discuss and interview the local officers and residents on the socioeconomic development, as well as introduce the benefits and the potential negative impacts of the project; then, collect the feedbacks on the project and the expectation of local people (if any). Comparing to environmental standards and regulations: This method is used to assess the environmental impacts of the project on the basis of comparison with the limits specified in the current Vietnamese environmental standards and regulations. Conjecture: This method is based on documents of previous projects and the activities of the project, the phenomenon and the similar incidents. It is also used to review preliminarily on the impacts on the natural environment and socio-economic siutation, etc 4. EIA IMPLEMENTATION EIA report is prepared by The Northern Power Projects Management Unit and consulted by the Institute of Energy. The main steps are: - Establishing working group and assigning tasks of making EIA report; - Researching and surveying the current status of project area: environmental conditions, local natural and economic - social conditions; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 20 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE - Public consultation; - Developing thematic reports; - Preparing general reports; - Organizing workshops on consultation of experts, revising the reports; - Submitting to the competent authorities for the evaluation and approval of the reports. Brief information of consultancy unit Institute of Energy – Ministry of Industry and Trade Address: No. 06, Ton That Tung Street, Dong Da district, Hanoi. Telephone: (04) 3852.3730-3852.9310 - Fax: (04) 3852.9302-3852.3311. E-mail: bbt@ievn.com.vn; website: www.ievn.com.vn Representative: Mr. Hoang Tien Dung; Position: Director of Institute of Energy List of members who make the assessment report of environmental impacts of project is shown in Table 0.3 as below: Table 0.3: List of members who make environmental impact assessment report NO. FULL NAME DEGREE OFFICE SPECIALITY A. Project owner: The Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board 1 Mr. Phan Luong Thien Engineer 2 Mr. Nguyen Huu Chanh Engineer Project owner, Director of PMB Project owner, expert of PMB Electricity Electricity B. Consultancy unit: Institute of Energy 1 Mr. Vu Chi Cong Engineer 2 Mr. Doan Ngoc Duong Master 3 Ms. Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen Engineer 4 Ms. Le Hoang Anh Engineer 5 Mr. Trinh Hoang Long Master 6 Mr. Pham Hung Master INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) Center of Energy Consulting and Technology transfer Environment - Institute of Energy Director of Consulting Center of Thermoelectricity, Thermoelectricity Nuclear Power and Environment Manager of Environment Department, Consulting Center of Thermoelectricity, Environment Nuclear Power and Environment– Institute of Energy Environment Department, Consulting Center of Hydrography – Thermoelectricity, Nuclear Environment Power and Environment– Institute of Energy Environment Department, Consulting Center of Thermoelectricity, Nuclear Environment Power and Environment– Institute of Energy Key Laboratory for High Electricity Voltage, Institute of Energy 21 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 7 Mr. Tran Viet Son Master HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Key Laboratory for High Voltage, Institute of Energy Electricity Moreover, the report has been also made by environmental experts in many fields such as waste water, solid waste, emission, ecological and environment economy, etc. During implementation process, we have received the cooperation and assistance of following agencies: 1. Ministry of Transport. 2. Ministry of National Defense. 3. Vietnam Electricity Group 4. Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration. 5. Communication Agency - General Department of Logistics & Technology – Ministry of Public Security. 6. Staff Department - Communications Command. 7. Institute of Energy – Ministry of Industry and Trade. 8. National Power Transmission Corporation. 9. Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 1. 10. Power Engineering Consulting Joint Stock Company 4. 11. People’s Committee of Hoa Binh province. 12. People’s Committee of Hanoi City. 13. Hanoi Department of Planning and Architecture. 14. Hanoi Police. 15. People’s Committee of Chuong My district – Hanoi City. 16. People’s Committee of Quoc Oai district – Hanoi City. 17. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of the Tan Thinh precinct – Hoa Binh tower – Hoa Binh province. 18. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of the Tan Hoa precinct – Hoa Binh tower – Hoa Binh province. 19. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of the Huu Nghi precinct – Hoa Binh tower – Hoa Binh province. 20. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Yen Mong town – Hoa Binh tower – Hoa Binh province. 21. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Hòa Sơn – Luong Son district – Hoa Binh province. 22. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Lam Son town – Luong Son district – Hoa Binh province. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 22 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 23. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Luong Son town– Luong Son district – Hoa Binh province. 24. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Dan Hoa town – Ky Son district – Hoa Binh province. 25. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Dan Ha town – Ky Son district – Hoa Binh province. 26. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Mong Hoa town – Ky Son district – Hoa Binh province. 27. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Ky Son town – Ky Son district – Hoa Binh province. 28. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Dong Yen commune – Quoc Oai district – Hanoi City. 29. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Can Huu commune – Quoc Oai district – Hanoi City. 30. People’s Committee, Fatherland Front Committee of Dong Quang commune – Quoc Oai district – Hanoi City. 31. Local people of the above areas. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 23 HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1: SUMMARY OF PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Project name Investment project is “Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line” 1.2 Project owner Project owner: The Northern Vietnam Power Projects Management Board – PMB Director: Mr. Phan Luong Thien Address: 1111D, Hong Ha Street, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi Telephone: 04.22103112 Fax: 04.39840824 1.3 Geographical position of project Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi 220kV transmission line crosses over 2 provinces: Hoa Binh and Hanoi. The details are given as follows: - Hoa Binh province: Hoa Binh tower, Ky Son district, Luong Son district. - Hanoi: Quoc Oai district. Position coordinates of project are shown in Table 1.1 Table 1.1: Position coordinate of project Coordinate Turning Height of No. angle tower N E 1 DD 37 533.486 2301868 2 G1 37 533.226 2302236 3 G2 37 533.109 2302911 4 G3 47 533.113 2303279 5 G4 37 533.495 2304123 6 G5 37 533.495 2304123 7 G6 37 533.740 2304497 8 G7 37 534.202 2305465 9 G8 37 534.281 2306082 10 G9 52 534.400 2306673 11 G10 37 534.449 2307143 12 G11 37 534.530 2309012 13 G12 37 534.701 2310073 14 G13 37 535.169 2310495 15 G14 37 536.495 2310467 16 G15 37 536.990 2310508 17 G16 37 538.787 2311164 18 G17 37 539.196 2312221 19 G18 37 539.855 2312551 20 G19 37 541.094 2313548 21 G20 37 542.210 2313400 22 G21 37 543.985 2313547 23 G22 37 545.207 2313994 24 G23 37 546.376 2313997 25 G24 37 548.065 2313212 26 G25 37 548.458 2313027 27 G26 37 549.172 2313002 28 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) G27 47 550.814 2313211 24 HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Coordinate N E 552.256 2311547 29 Turning angle G28 Height of tower 47 30 G29 47 555.348 2310652 31 G30 37 555.901 2310663 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 G31 G32 G33 G34 G35 G36 G37 G38 G39 G40 37 37 62 62 37 47 47 47 47 47 556.377 558.130 558.888 559.399 559.527 561.961 562.459 564.513 564.795 566.709 No. 2312581 2314025 2314338 2313479 2312774 2313542 2314049 2315920 2316871 2320240 Source: Description of project Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line has main characteristics as follows: - Start point: 220kV busbar at Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant 220kV switchyard; - End point: 220kV busbar at Tay Ha Noi 220kV substation, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi city; - The proposed length of the line: 50,6 km; - Location: going through Hoa Binh tower, Ky Son and Luong Son district (Hoa Binh province), Quoc Oai district (Hanoi City); - Long span: getting over Da River; - Crossing to highway: 1 time (Highway No.21) - Main terrain condition: + Section going through Hoa Binh province: Main terrain is low hills and mountains; + Section going through Hanoi City: Main terrain is low hills and mountains; - The number of the affected houses: 65. a. For section across Hoa Binh province: 39,8km in length a.1. Transmission line from Hoa Binh 220kV switchyard to G13 (length of 9,2 km) Solution for transmission line from Hoa Binh 220kV switchyard to G13: between two 220kV transmission lines: Hoa Binh – Viet Tri 220kV transmission line (1 circuit) and Hoa Binh – Xuan Mai – Chem 220kV transmission line (2 circuits). Advantages The transmission line is between two existing 220kV transmission lines. So, there is no effect to the development plan of local areas; moreover, it also saves power corridor. This is a favorable terrain condition for the construction, installation, operation, maintenance and incidents repair. Disadvantages Improve and move three 220kV feeders of Viet Tri and Nho Quan substation and communication feeder of Hoa Binh 220kV switchyard. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 25 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Advantages The route which is located between two existing 220kV voltage lines has absolutely no effect to the planned development of the area and saves power line corridor. The terrain is favorable for the construction, installment, operation, maintenance and repair in case of incidents. Disadvantages It is necessary to renovate and move three 220kV voltage routes in Viet Tri, Nho Quan and disconnect the communication with 220kV Hoa Binh INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 26 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE substation. Figure 1.1: The proposed line going through Da River a.2. The section from G9A to G9B intersects with 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 27 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE The tranmission line G9A – G9B (as shown in the Figure: the Distance between 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri line and 220kV Hoa Binh – Xuan Mai – Chem line is 27m long, which is not enough for the 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Hanoi tranmission line to get in between. As a result, the choice of planting two 4-circuit pylons along with the 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri is highly preferred. The 220kV line from Hoa Binh hydropower plant to Ha Dong, Xuan Mai and Chem are the main power source for Hanoi area and always in the full loaded condition. Therefore, the solutions of electricity cutoff for the 220kV Hoa Binh – Xuan Mai – Chem will critically affect the electricity supply ability for Hanoi area. On the other hand, 220kV Viet Tri substation in the period 2012-2013 is electrically supplied not only from Hoa Binh hydropower plant but also from other sources such as 550kV Son La hydropower plant and 500kV Hiep Hoa substation. For that reason, the electricity cutoff for for the execution of connecting tranmission lines of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri wil have little effect to the operation of 220kV Viet Tri substation. a.3. The lines crossing Da river Proposed line: The line from G12 – G13 – G14. (Figure 1.2) Figure 1.2: The proposed line for the part across Da river Comment: The Proposal No.1 is a plan which only cuts through one residential house. The proposed route is near the road, which is favourable for the construction and future operation. The Proposal No.2, as a preliminary survey, is a plan which cuts through a large number of residental houses along the road and Da River. In addition, the route G14-G17 is located on the moutainous area which may be inconvenient for the construction and future operation. -> The Proposal No.1 is selected. a.4. The line from G17 to G21 The proposed line goes straight from G17 to the middle of G20 – G21 which aims to reduce the length and the number of steering angle of the line, serving as an alternatives to the chosen proposed line. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 28 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Figure 1.3: The line from G17 to G21 Table 1.2: The Proposed line from G17 to G21 No Criteria Chosen proposal 1 Length 4.41km 2 Number of steering 3 angle 3 No of house crossed 1 4 0 Other construction 5 Plants Acacia + Eucalyptus (Gum Tree) The chosen proposed line crosses over ferwer residential Conclusion houses (17 houses), which is more convinient for the compensation and site clearance. a.5. The line from G21 to G30 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 29 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Figure 1.4: The proposed line from G21 to G30 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 30 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE a.6. The line passing across Xuan Mai area Figure 1.5: The line passing through Xuan Mai area The line from G12 to G30 basically runs in parallel with the two available 220kV Hoa Binh – Ha Dong and Hoa Binh – Xuan Mai – Chem. In particular, the line passing through Xuan Mai (7 km long from G30 to G35) will be wholy adjusted to avoid the military areas, which are located under the 220kV Hoa Binh – Xuan Mai – Chem line. Consequently, according to the chosen proposal, the line goes up at G30to the hilly terrain to avoid the military areas, pagodas and residential areas to the maximum, then passes the 220kV Xuan Mai line to G35. From G35, the line continues run in parralel with the existing 220kV Hoa Binh – Xuan Mai- Chem. b. The section passing through Hanoi The line is 10.8km long from G36 to 220kV Tay Hanoi substation. Hanoi Construction Planning Institute studied and created a direction introduction for this section line and the Hanoi People’s Committee accepted in Document no. 8128/UBND-CT dated 29 September 2011. The Propsed line is shown in the Figure 1.6 below: INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 31 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Figure 1.6: The proposed line in Quoc Oai, Hanoi See appendix for the general map showing the current state of the overall project area INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 32 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 1.4. The main content of the project 1.4.1. The objective of the project The construction of 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Hanoi tranmission line aims at: The 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi is constructed the serve as the main electricity supply for the electric distribution grids to the west of Hanoi. The construction of 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi will improve the the voltage quality, reduce the power loss in the electric distribution grids in the area. In addition, the construction also contributes to the enhancement of the ability to provide stable electricity tranmission system in Hanoi and in the regions as well as the reduction in the electric load for other 220kV tranmission lines from Hoa Binh to Ha Dong, Xuan Mai. The construction of 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi will operate in sync with 220kV Tay Ha Noi substation by the year 2014. 1.4.2 The scale of the project The construction of 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi tranmission line is executed with the scale and technical features as follows: Công trình Đường dây 220kV Hòa Bình – Tây Hà Nội được xây dựng với quy mô và đặc điểm kỹ thuật như sau: Voltage: 220kV Number of circuits: 2 cuicuits, 4 circuits. Total length: 50.6 km The location of the line: the 220kV line passes through 14 communes in the area of Hoa Binh city, Ky Son district, Luong Son district, Hoa Binh district, Quoc Oai district and Hanoi city. Electric conductors: Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced ACSR wire – 2 x 330/43. The electric conductor for the section passing through Da river is Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced AACSR – 2 x 380/50 Lightning resistance cable: 2 types of lightning resistance cable including normal PHLOX 116 and optical lightning resistance combined with fiber cable OPGW 120, 24 fiber cables. In particular, the starting line of 3km long from SPP Hoa Binh will add another resistance cable PHLOX 116. Insulation: use insulation types match with suitable electric capacity, insulated by ceramic, glass or composite, the number of insulated points is determined on the basis of contaminated areas with the length of leakage line of 25mm, 20mm/kV. The technical features are similar to other type of insulation such as U70B, U120B, U160B, U210B, U300B, according IEC standard. Pylon: Freestanding, galvanized steel pylon in pyramid shape with 4 circuits and 2 circuits. The section passing through Da river uses 72m long pylon. Foundation: Steel Reinforced Concrete cyclinder foundation, buoyant foundation casted in place, the section passing through Da river use buoyant foundation. Grounding: Ray type, galvanized steel. Stabilization for wires and lightning resistance cable The extensions for 220kV Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant route: proceeded by Hoa Binh Hydropower Company assigned by EVN as in Document number 877/EVN-KH dated 22 March 2012. 1.4.3 Construction items 1.4.3.1 Main construction items a. Tranmission lines: INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 33 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE The 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi tranmission line has the total length of 50.6 km. The beginning of the line is Pooctich 220kV of 220kV Hoa Binh substation and the endpoint is Pooctich 220kV Tay Ha Noi substation. The tranmission line is described in details as follows: Table 1.3: Summary of features of the transmission line Source: Project notes No Sections Lengths Features The first section of tranmission line connects to an From 220kV Hoa existing pylon of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri. At the 1 Binh substation to 45m 0 T =18 ĐĐ 54’11”. The line cuts across the texture road, cuts tranmission line 6kV to the acacia hill. G1 is located 2 From ĐĐ -:- G1 229.7m on the acacia hill in the area of Huu Nghi ward and 0 P = 06 20’ 23” The line cuts across the tranmission line 0.4kV twice, the concrete road and orchards twice, and 3 From G1 -:- G2 576.4m cuts through 06 residential houses in Huu Nghi ward. G2 is located on the hill and has the right 0 P = 29 15’ 23” The line cuts across the concrete inter-village roads, 2 residential houses in Tan Thanh ward and goes up 4 From G2 -:- G3 454.6m to the complex-tree hill. And has the right steering 0 P = 00 04’39’’ The line cuts through a high steep cliffs, through the bamboo hill to the complex-tree hill. G4 is located 5 From G3 -:-G4 776.6m in the complex-tree hill and has the right steering 0 P = 06 32’05’’ The line goes up to the complex-tree hill and acacia 6 From G4 -:-G5 572.7m hill. G5 is located on the acacia hill and has the 0 P = 19 10’10’’ The line cuts through concrete road and soil road. The line cuts through 22kV, 35kV tranmission line, cuts through 110kV twice and springs once. The 7 From G5 -:- G6 756.0m line also cuts through 3 residential houses and 2 other ones located in the line corridor, through a kindergarten and goes uphill. G6 is located on the hill and has a left steering angle of T = 260 52’32’’ The line cuts across high mountains. G7 is located 8 From G6 -:- G7 353.2m 0 = 02 20’40’’ T The line cuts through texture road to Tu Ly, cuts concrete roads and goes uphill to the complex-tree 9 From G7 -:- G8 709.3m hill and cuts through residential houses thrice. G8 is T 10 From G8 -:- G9A INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 598.9m = 040 18’26’’ The line cuts through the complex-tree hill across a deep gulch to near the Pylon 13 of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line (G9A). At this place plant a 4-circuit pylon along with 220kV Hoa Binh 34 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT No Sections Lengths 11 From G9A -:G9B 138.8m 12 From G9B -:- G10 291.3m 13 From G10 -:- G11 1906.3m 14 From G11 -:- G12 983.3m 15 From G12 -:- G13 770.9m 16 From G13 -:- G14 1357.7m 17 From G14 -:- G15 516.9m 18 From G15 -:- G16 1995.7m HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Features – Viet Tri tranmission line. G9A has a right steering 0 P =06 42’46” The line cuts through a gulch near pylon 14 of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line (G9B), at which planted a 4-circuit pylon sharing 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line. G9B has a left 0 T =03 33’ 00” The line cuts through the gulch and goes up to the complex-tree hill. G10 is located on the hill and has 0 T = 02 44’ 12” The line runs on the complex-tree hill and acacia hill, cuts concrete road, cuts the 0.4kV tranmission line to the acacia hill. G11 is located on the hill and 0 P = 02 42’15’’ The line runs on the acicia hill. G12 is located on 0 P = 29 55’57’’ The line running on the acacia hill cuts through deep gulch and goes up to a small acacia hill. G13 is located on the hill and has a right steering angle of 0 P = 62 09’37’’ The line cuts the texture road to Yen Mong, cuts 0.4kV line once and the communication line once, cuts 6kV line once, cuts through Da River, cuts 35kV line once and goes down to the field nearby the river. G14 is located on the field and has a left steering angle of T = 350 35’10’’ The line runs on the field, then cuts through the texture road and goes up to the hill of acacia and bamboo. The line cuts the communication line twice, cuts a trench once. G15 is located on the bamboo hillsi P = 090 28’18’’ The line goes along the acacia hillside, cuts through a freshwater lake and a tent once. G16 is located on T 19 From G16 -:- G17 1248.5m 20 From G17 -:- G18 778.2m 21 From G18 -:- G19 1535.3m INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) = 550 41’00’’ The line continues running along the acacia hillside. The terrain varies significantly, with a number of steep sloop. G17 is located on the acacia hillside and 0 P = 47 51’00’’ The line cuts through a small hill’s peak, crosses the valley and goes up the the acacia hill. G18 is located on the peak of the hill and has a left steering angle 0 T = 16 07’00’’ The line cuts through a small hillside, passes through the area of Ba Hamlet of Mong Hoa commune. Then the line cuts across the peak of 35 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT No Sections Lengths 22 From G19 -:- G20 1107.6m 23 From G20 -:- G21 1594.2m 24 From G21 -:- G22 1521.5m 25 From G22 -:- G23 1003.0 m 26 From G23 -:- G24 2025.2m 27 From G24 -:- G25 402.1m 28 From G25 -:- G26 522.4m 29 From G26 -:- G27 1895.7m 30 From G27 -:- G28 2049.3m 31 From G28 -:- G29 3411.1m 32 From G29 -:- G30 516.5m INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Features acacia hill and goes down to G19 which is located on the hillside near the texture road. G19 has a right 0 P = 50 32’50’’ The line cuts through the area which is under construction of the highway project Hoa Lac – Ha Binh, cuts through the texture road, electric line systems 0.4 and 25kV. After passing the rice field, the line goes up to the high hill to G20. G20 is located on the cassava hillside and has a left steering angle of T = 200 06’39’’ The line runs on on the complex-tree hillside with steep terrain and relatively strong variance in terrain types. G21 is located on the hillside and has a left 0 T = 01 13’00’’ The line cuts through valleys and acacia hillside. G22 is located on the peak of a complex-tree hill and has a right steering angle of P = 150 58’44’’ The line started from the complex-tree hill runs through the concrete road into the Thang Thien Waterfall ecotourism, cuts through a deep gulch and goes up to the complex-tree hill. G23 is located on the hill and has a right steering angle of P = 210 04’21’’ The line mainly runs on the complex-tree hills and acacia hills of Dan Hoa and Lam Son communes. G24 is located on the complex-tree hill and has a left steering angle of T = 100 05’55’’ The line runs from a complex-tree hill up to high rocky hill. G25 is located on the hill and has a right steering angle of P = 090 46’08’’ The line runs from the high rocky hill to short rocky hill. G26 is located on the hill and has a left steering angle of T = 330 26’00’’ The line started from the rocky hill cuts through deep gulch and soil road twice. G27 is located on a complex-tree hill and has a right steering angle of 0 P = 71 28’13’’ The line mainly runs on the complex-tree hill with many lemon grass plants, acacia tree and banana plants. G28 is located on the lemon grass hill and has a left steering angle of T = 220 45’07’’ The line mainly runs through the complex-tree hill with many lemon grass plants and acacia trees. The line cuts through 3 residential houses on the line corridor. G29 is located on the lemon grass hill and has a left steering angle of T = 360 59’11’’ The line runs on the hill with many lemon grass plants and acacia trees, cuts though texture road and 36 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT No Sections Lengths 33 From G30 -:- G31 2004.5m 34 From G31 -:- G32 2199.7m 35 From G32 -:- G33 1012.6m 36 From G33 -:- G34 824.5m 37 From G34 -:- G35 704.9m 38 From G35 -:- G36 2656.5m INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Features minitary barracks. G30 is located on the acacia hill and has a left steering angle of T = 620 36’25’’ The line runs from the acacia hill, cuts the intervillage concrete road 5 times, cuts rocky road, cuts the 0.4kV line thrice and the 35/0.4kV substation once, cuts through ponds and lakes 5 times and 5 residential houses. G31 is located on the rocky acacia hill and has a right steering angle of P = 330 01’36’’ The line mainly runs on the acacia hill and the complex-tree hill, cuts through inter-village concrete road once, cuts soil road twice, cuts rocky road once, cuts 0.4kV tranmission line once and 35kV tranmission line once, and cuts 3 residential houses on the corridor. G32 is located on the acacia hill and has a right steering angle of P = 420 25’31’’ The line mainly runs on the acacia hill, complextree hill and tea hill, cuts through soil road once, 110kV tranmission line once, 220kV line once and there is 1 residential house on the line corridor. G33 is located on the complex-tree hill and has a right steering angle of P = 730 03’43’’ The line mainly runs on the acacia hill, complextree hill, tea hill and fruit tree hill, cuts rocky road once, 0.4kV line once, and 11 residential houses which are located on the line corridor are cut by the line. G34 is located on the tree nursery and has a left steering angle of T = 020 03’43’’ The line mainly runs on the acacia hill, complextree hill, tea hill and fruit tree hill and runs on the tree nursery of Vietnam Forestry University, cuts through the concrete road once, cuts soil road once, cuts 10kV line once and 6 residential houses which lies in the line corridor are cut by the line. G35 is located on the tree hill of Vietnam Forestry University. G35 has the left steering angle of T = 830 28’38’’ The line runs in the tree nursery of Vietnam Forestry University, cuts through concrete road twice, cuts rocky road once, cuts texture road once in the Forestry University’s park, cuts the Ho Chi Minh road once, cuts the 220kV line once at the 220kV Xuan Mai substation, cuts the 35kV line once and the 0.4kV four times. The line cuts through 4 residential houses which lies in the line corridor and passes through the one-crop fish pond and rice field area once, cuts ponds twice. G36 is located in the rice field and has a left steering angle 37 HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT No Sections Lengths Features of 39 40 41 42 43 0 T = 31 18’16’’ The line runs along the rice fields and cuts 2 small ponds, cuts through concrete road and trench once. From G36 -:- G37 625.3m G37 is located on the rice field and has a right steering angle of P = 070 43’03’’ The line runs through the one-crop field area and fish pond in the middle of Dong Thuong and Dong Ha hamlet of Dong Yen – Quoc Oai commune. The line cuts through the tent near the fish-pond of Ms. From G37 -:- G38 2644.7m Thu, cuts the 10kV line twice and 0.4kV line twice, cuts through the communication line. The line passes through Con river and the fish pond area to reach G38. G38 is located on the field and has a left steering angle of T = 240 39’08’’ The line cuts through a high dike which is of the channel system of the fields in Can Huu commune. The line cuts through 10kV line and communication From G38 -:- G39 1226.9m line once. G39 is located on the rice field near the trench and has a right steering angle of P = 050 35’48’’ The line continues to runs on the rice fields of Can Huu commune and Dong Quang commune, cuts through the fish pond system and Poultry farm. The From G39 -:- G40 3760.2m line cuts through the 35kV line twice, cuts 10kV line once and the communication line once. G40 is located on the rice field and has a right steering angle of P = 350 30’35’’ The line runs on the rice field and crosses the high G40 -:- NC 345.6m trench to reach the point NC of 220kV Tay Ha Noi substation. Reconnected 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri transmission line 44 From Pooctich to ĐĐ 45 From ĐĐ to pylon 2 of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri line 45.0m Line started from 220kV Hoa Binh substation to NC pylon outside of the substation’s fence. The line at NC has the steering angle of P = 210 02’23’’ 235.3m The line cuts through the texture road once, cuts 6kV line once, cuts fruit tree farm and goes up to the acacia hill. The line at pylon 2 has the right steering angle of P = 040 18’02’’ The section which 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri line shares 4 circuits with 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi tranmission line From pylon 12 The line started from the complex-tree hill cuts 46 220kV Hoa Binh 603.4m through the deep gulch near pylon 13 of 220kV Hoa – Viet Tri Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line (G9A) at which INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 38 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT No Sections tranmission line G9A Lengths 47 From G9A G9B 138.8m 48 From G9B Pylon 15 of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line. 297.1m HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Features planted a 4-circuit pylon sharing with 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi tranmission line. The line at G9A has a right steering angle of P = 020 04’27’’ The line cuts through a deep gulch near pylon 14 of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line (G9B) at which planted a 4-circuit pylon sharing with 220kV Hoa Binh – Hoai Duc tranmission line. The line at G9B has a left steering angle of T = 070 47’ 52” The line cuts through the gulch and goes up the complex-tree hill and reaches pylon 15 of 220kV Hoa Binh – Viet Tri tranmission line. At this point the line returns the old line going to Viet Tri. Table 1.4: Statistics of the tranmission line No. Statistic criteria Figures 1 2 Number of Angle (G) Number of crosses with other tranmission and communication lines Number of crosses with trenches and springs Number of crosses with small roads Number of crosses with national roads (National road No. 21) Number of affected residential houses 41 angles 47 times 3 4 5 6 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 58 times 54 times 01 times 65 houses 39 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE b. Construction quantities Table 1.5: Number of column needed to be assemplied No Column type Unit Quantity 1 Steel column D222-35A Column 21 2 Steel column D222-35B Column 12 3 Steel column D222-35C Column 10 4 Steel column D222-38A Column 3 5 Steel column D222-38B Column 2 6 Steel column D222-38C Column 3 7 Steel column 222-43A Column 7 8 Steel column D222-43B Column 2 9 Steel column D222-46A Column 7 10 Steel column D222-46C Column 1 11 Steel column D222-50B Column 10 12 Steel anchor post N222-37A Post 22 13 Steel anchor post N222-37B Post 9 14 Steel anchor post N222-37C Post 2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Steel anchor post N222-47A Steel anchor post N222-47B Steel anchor post N222-47C Steel anchor post N222-52A Steel anchor post N222-62A Steel anchor post N222-62C Steel anchor post N242-52 Steel friction pile H222-37 Column V222-72 Total Table 1.6: Number of foundations Post Post Post Post Post Post Post Pile Column 5 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 129 No Foundation type 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Foundation 4T 30-30 column 35A Foundation 4T 30-30 Column 38A Foundation 4T 30-32 Column 35B Foundation 4T 30-32 Column 43A Foundation 4T 30-32 Column 46A Foundation 4T 30-34 Column 35C Foundation 4T 30-34 Column 38C Foundation 4T 30-34 Column 43B INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) needed to be constructed. Excavated Concrete Number Volume (m3) Volume (m3) 21 226.12 1120.65 3 32.30 160.09 12 129.21 640.37 7 75.37 373.55 7 75.37 373.55 10 107.68 533.64 3 32.30 160.09 2 21.54 106.73 40 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT No 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Excavated Volume (m3) Foundation 4T 30-34 Column 46C 1 10.77 Foundation 4T 30-34 Column 50B 7 75.37 Foundation 4T 45-34 Column 50B 3 32.30 Foundation 4T 40-42 Anchor post 37A 22 236.89 Foundation 4T 40-42 Anchor post 47A 5 53.84 Foundation 4T 40-46 Anchor post 47B 3 32.30 Foundation 4T 40-46 Anchor post 52 2 21.54 Foundation 4T 40-46 Anchor post 62A 2 21.54 Foundation 4T 40-56 Anchor post 37B 9 96.91 Foundation 4T 40-58 Anchor post 37C 2 21.54 Foundation 4T 40-58 Anchor post 47C 1 10.77 Foundation 4T 40-58 Anchor post 62C 1 10.77 Foundation 4T 45-62 Anchor post H222-37 1 10.77 Buoyant Foundation MB5.7-12x12 2 21.54 Buoyant Foundation MB12.7-20x18 1 10.77 Buoyant Foundation MB8.2-20x20 1 10.77 Buoyant Foundation MB10-18x18 1 10.77 Total 129 1389.01 Table 1.7: Volumn of main construction Foundation type No Construction work Number Concrete Volume (m3) 53.36 373.55 160.09 1174.01 266.82 160.09 106.73 106.73 480.28 106.73 53.36 53.36 53.36 106.73 53.36 53.36 53.36 6883.99 Unit Volumn 1 Foundation excavation m3 of soil 58377.49 2 Foundation leveling m3 of soil 56988.48 3 Steel pile processing T 557.45 3 929.59 4 Concrete M100 m 5 Concrete M200 m3 5954.4 6 Foundation bolts T 103.48 7 Grounding T 13.63 8 Steel column T 2381.59 9 Electric conductor ACSR 330/43 T 761.42 10 Electric conductor AACSR-380/50 T 19.7 11 Lightning resistant cable PHLOX 116 T 66.92 12 Optical fiber Cable OPGW 120 T 34.25 13 Conductor wire anchor chain Chain 612 14 Conductor wire support chain Chain 606 15 Lightning resistant cable anchor set Set 220 16 Lightning resistant cable support set Set 161 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 41 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 1.4.3.2 Secondary construction works Temporary camps In fact, the investor will require the construction unit to rent available local housing to ensure the construction schedule, reduce unnecessary expenses, and comply with the environmental protection requirements. Warehouses: The construction time is 12 months long, so to ensure the quality of the construction materials used for construction, three main types of warehouses will be designed. The warehouses are located in the construction management unit and then will be coordinated to each specific construction site. + Tight Warehouse: Used to contain cement and other electricity materials. The warehouse is made of thatch and bamboo surrounded with covers, the ground is leveled up to avoid moisture; used during time of construction + Open warehouse: Used to contain formwork and reinforced steel which have been processed and have minor repairs. The warehouse is made of bamboo and is sheltered but has no walls. + Warehouse: Used to store steels, wires, porcelain materials. The warehouse is also used to store, process formworks and repair and process reinforcement steel. Warehouse area is calculated according to the standard TCXD 50/72 UBXDCB Electricity and water supply for construction The water source for construction mainly relies on rivers, streams and other water sources of the people living along the line. For the area that is far from water source or the water is contaminated, the water will be manually transported to each location column (the detailed volume will be confirmed at the specific sites). Drinking water taken from the water sources of local people will help reducing the impact on the environment. Electricity supply for construction and other activities is from the diesel generator or existing local electricity distribution grid. Temporary construction road The transportation of materials, equipment, construction materials to the foundation location is primarily based on the existing roads and trails of local people. At the same time, it is also necessary to simultaneously reinforce and construct temporary construction road. Transporting Long distance transport and transit by road and river to the materials yard; Short distance transport by hand combined with enhanced vehicles, boats and barges. The manual transport distance is at the average of 370m long. Construction materials for the column and anchor post are transported by barges. Some materials such as steel columns, wires of all types, insulation, fittings, etc. will be transferred from the warehouse of the construction management unit to the construction site (before manually transport to the specific sites). The materials from the warehouses of the construction sites located along the proposed line will be transported to the assembly point by trucks on the existing roads, mainly on the provincial highways with an average distance of 6 km. For materials bought from the local such as cements, sands, stones, woods etc. depending on the price specified in the construction announcement of each districts and provinces that the transmission line runs through, the shipping fees to the construction sites might be charges (89/BVGCP fees) The method of transportation of construction materials and equipment from the temporary construction sites, warehouses to the destined construction sites by local roads. The transportation is conducted with allowed transportation volume and reasonable time in order to reduce the impact on the people living nearby. In some cases that the internal road cannot be used, the INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 42 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE construction unit will construct temporary roads to transport and after then returning the area to its original condition for the local. Optic cable on the line To support the information connection between the distributors 220kV Hoa Binh substations 220kV and 220kV Tay Ha Noi substation, the solution is to use optical cables combined with lightning resistant conductor (OPGW - Optical Ground Wire). Optical fibers are used in single mode which satisfies all the standard requirements of ITU-T/G652. All optic fiber cables must be perfectly smooth and meet the requirements for optical, mechanical and other requirements concerning environmental protection. Optical fibers are protected by a protective coating made of composite (CPC). The coating consists of 02 layers of protection which protect against ultraviolet rays, and each of these layers has different elasticity index. The inner layer is usually softer than the outer layer. This structure helps protect optical fibers from vibration and attenuator at the inflection point Information system Provide optical cable information on the 220kV line, ensuring compliance with the telecommunications information construction. Clearance and resettlement The line corridor Referring to Article 4 of Decree 106/2005/NĐ-CP and the design, the corridor for safe protection of the 220kV electricity transmission lines has a width of 22m (The length from the center of the line to each side is 11m). The total area of the safety corridor along the lines: 50,667m x 22m = 1,114,938m2. Lands, crops, trees The land used for the construction of the transmission line includes two types: Land area taken to build the columns. The area affected under the provisions of the safety corridors of high-voltage lines. The area affected in the average corridor is 167,595m2. Land area taken permanently for the construction of foundation, column: 22,873.1 m2 Land area taken for the plantation of columns which are located in the mentioned affected area. Houses The houses which lie in the corridor will be treated in accordance with Decree 81/2009/ND-CP dated 12/10/2009 on the amending and supplementing of a number of articles in Decree No.106/2005/ND-CP dated 17/08/2005 issued by the Government on detailed regulations and guidelines for implementation of some articles of the Electricity Law on the safety protection of high-voltage grids. According to the survey report, the number of houses in the line corridor is 65 houses, which has the main structure as follows: tiled roof or metal sheet roof, paneled wall or built wall, tile and panel floor. Allow the existence of houses and buildings which satisfies the following conditions: The roofs and walls are made of non-combustible materials; The metallic structure of the houses, building has been grounded in comply with the requirements for technical grounding; Do not obstruct the access for testing, maintaining, and replacing parts of the high-voltage grids; The vertical distance from any part of the house and the nearest electrical wires when the wire is in the maximum loosing state for 220kV level is no less than 6m. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 43 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE The electric field intensity is less than or equal to 5kV/m at any point outside the houses which is 1m above the ground and less than or equal to 1 kV/m at any point inside the houses which are 1m above the ground. Houses and buildings which lie in the line corridor but do not meet the aforementioned requirements will be required to be relocated. The relocation will be compensated in accordance to the law. 1.4.4 . Description of the construction methods of the works of the project 1.4.4.1 . Key Technology Solutions a. Selection of voltage, circuit number Pursuant to Decision No. 1208/QD-TTg dated 21/7/2011 of the Prime Minister on the approval of the development plan of Vietnam Electricity in the period 2011-2020 with a perspective to 2030 and Decision No.4351/QD - BCT dated 29/08/2011 of the Ministry of Industry and Trade on the approval of the Hanoi power development Plan 2011-2015 with a perspective to 2020. The voltage level of this construction is 220 kV level. To help reduce the load of the existing 220kV line which was overloaded from Hoa Binh to Ha Dong, Xuan Mai and Chem as well as to ensure the supply of power in a safe and reliable manner for Hanoi, the 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line is the double-circuit line which supplies electricity for the Tay Hanoi station by 2-circuit line. b. Selection of electrical conductors The wire used for Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line is the 2 phase distribution steel-core aluminum wire x ACSR 330/43. The mechanical parameters of conductor ACSR 330/43 are given in Table 1.9 Table 1.8: The technical features of the conductor ACSR 330/43 No Features Unit Value 1 Total cross section -Cross section of aluminum part - Cross section of steel part mm2 375.1 332 43.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Outer diameter Volume Elastricity module Thermal expansion coefficient Resistance of the wire at 20oC Allowable tensile stress Volume of grease Wire length 25.2 1255 7870 19.8 0.0869 /km 2 daN/mm 27.66 kg/km 57 m > 2000 Source: Project notes The electric conductors is calculated according to allowable stress methods. Allowable stress in conductor at the critical regime is always taken at less than 45% of the tensile stress. Allowable stress in the average temperature regime is taken at 25 % the tensile stresses in accordance with current norms as follows : - Lowest temperature mode : 1 = 11.1daN/mm2; - Largest external load mode ( Qmax ) : b = 11.1daN/mm2; - - Average annual temperature mode : tb = 6.9 daN/mm2. c. Selection of lightning resistant cables: INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) mm kg/km daN/mm2 10-6/oC 44 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE The 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi uses 2 types of lightning resistant cables: 1 normal cable, 1 cable with optical fiber OPGW core to combine and serve the communications of information. The lightning resistant cable the the cable incorporated with optical fiber are selected on the basis of ensuring mechanical strength and thermal stability while ensuring there is an 1-phase short circuit. To ensure economics and techniques in selecting the section of the lightning resistant cable, the project uses lightning resistant cable (two 116 Phlox wires, one OPGW 120 wire) for the first 03km section of Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant and lightning resistant cable (one 116 Phlox wire and one OPGW 120 wire) for the remaining sections. 1.4.5. Construction methods a. Methods of structural columns The 220kV Hoa Binh – West Hanoi transmission line uses diagram of 2 circuited and 4 circuited columns; with 2 pyramid-shaped lightning resistant cables made of steel and assembled with bolts. This is the type of steel column that is shaped in height and size. The diagrams of columns are tested in the insulation gap in different working modes of the line: - Ensure the phased distance between pylons following lines’ voltages, sagging wires and length of insulation strings. - Ensure the distance between the insulators on poles carrying power and grounding part in all working modes. - Ensure the distance between the circuits under different voltage levels. - Ensure safe conditions for maintaining people to climb up the pylons under voltage. - Ensure that lightning protection angles for all the insulating wires smaller than the regulations. - Ensure the safety corridor of small lines, and used land area for poles’ foundation is small. * The procedure of building pylons Steel pylons are transported into position and are mounted by using cranes combining with hand-assembling. For locations with convenient space construction crane can be used; while chained pulley will be used in complex and narrow terrain. Before setting pylons, the following items need to be inspected: Consider checking foundation, measuring the size and position of the foundation bolts at the feet of the pylons for deviations from original designs; checking threads of the bolts, and if the bolts are easily screwed in and out. Review quality control in column assembly, welding quality and the level the bolts are tightened; make sure to break the bolts’ threads to prevent unmounts, ... straighten the pylons if bended. The technical options used in building pylons concern the bearing capacity of the pylons; and the structural details of construction, according to the construction force, to ensure safety during construction, and to make sure the pylons are not damaged or deformed. The pylons set on concrete foundations are fixed firmly with bolts on pylons’ feet, nuts and bolts are properly tightened, and the threads are destroyed to prevent unmounts. During the construction procedure, the following requirements need to be ensured: The bolts are tightened and tested with forced wrench according to regulations. The bolts on feet section of the pylons are dead-threaded to prevent theft When the installations are completed, inspecting horizontal and vertical tilt as prescribed. b. Method of foundation structure: Based on the geological conditions of the project’s area, select the primarily based foundation solutions; including a number of locations where the foundations’ neck needs to be INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 45 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE heightened, to ensure the avoidance of basement flooding at the feet of the pylons; and use stone revetment to protect the pylons’ feet. * The protective solution for pylons’ foundation For some positions which are located on steep slopes, 0.00 core is taken from the average elevation of the natural ground and the two lower foundation positions. Additionally, protecting the riprap embankment foundation on low topography, and drainage ditches built on the high terrain to manage flow direction of the water away from the foundation area. Positions which are located in wetlands are treated by enhancing cylindrical foundation, as well as adding stone revetment embankment around pylons’ feet. * Foundation works: - Excavation by hand; - Molds, shuttering, reinforcement phases are produced in factory, assembled at the scene; - Steel and reinforced concrete work at site; - Concrete is mixed on-site and in-situ machine. Earthworks and embankment comply with current regulations. The open slopes depend on level of the ground and the depth of the foundation, as construction cost estimates for the construction and installation of specialized power transmission lines under Decision No.6061/QD-BCT dated 14/11/2008 by Ministry of Industry and Trade. c. Concrete work Comply with construction norms and ISO - acceptance 4453-95. After checking the preparation of aggregation : cement, water, sand, rocks, mixing area, construction equipment, measuring instruments and rain-proof vehicles ... Finally, testing techniques such as formwork , gabari , foundation bolts , horizontal and vertical dimensions , elevation ... if it shall be deemed as sufficient, concrete works can be rolled out. Concrete is mixed by hand, dampened by machine. All concrete structures are stationed concrete, therefore full compliance processes and norms about stationed concrete making should be followed. Concrete mixtures are calculated and tested according to ISO 4453-1995 standards. The number of samples used to determine the compressive strength of concrete will follow the standard of heavy - compressive strength test method ISO 3118-1993. Notes in concrete construction: - Follow proper maintenance procedures of ISO norms for concrete works. - Mixing and maintenance water should be able to be used for eating and drinking. - Each structural concrete will be taken as test sample. The processing of reinforcing core steel, gabarit foundation and all kinds of foundation phases will be conducted in workshops on the field by welding, bending and cutting machines... pouring, dampening, maintaining will be done by hand at working position. d . Installation of equipments Before conducting the installation, equipments and accessories need to be carefully checked in: quantity, type, size, quality of storage, transportation, as well as technical specifications. In the process of checking if there are problems, report immediately to Owner (Committee A) and unit design for consulting settlement. All components, transportation equipments to the field need to be stored in dry condition, and ensure interlevation. Assembly by motors combined with hand crafts. Installation should follow the design, and should ensure the safety of people and equipments. e . The installation of ceramic tiles and accessories: Insulator chains are mounted manually on air. Preparation of construction equipments such as pulleys, winches, cables. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 46 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Ceramics and accessories are thoroughly cleaned prior to installation. Construction unit test the accessories to check if ceramics are broken or cracked; also check the latch before pulling up bi installation. f . Fitting insulation string , strung scattered Insulator chains are mounted manually on air. The works to get deflection and cable tension spread in each anchor space are carried out by hand combined with motorized methods on allowed areas. In complex terrains, line stretching is conducted manually. The cross- sections over the highways, inter-village roads, inter-district, electric power lines, communication lines and segments crossing the river will be mentioned and location-specifically planned in the design and construction process; push through design and inform the relevant authorities in time, so that the construction process is not interrupted. For cross- sections with roads, power lines, communication, housing; firmly scaffolding to assist the line in the process of pulling wire rope. When stretching the line, make sure guyed pylons’ deflection reached does not alter the shape of the pylons. Also it is needed to symmetrically stretch the cords of each phase before proceed to the next phase. For pulling and stretching the lines across the river intervals , in the course of construction and stringing cords, unit of construction should pay utmost attention to ensure the implementation of pulling and stretching the cords, in accordance with procedures and rules, to ensure absolute safety for people and passing vehicles. Additionally, the construction company should contact the unit manager of the facility to conduct a monitoring plan or plan provisionally for cases of accidents happen. Unit of construction should plan construction methods of stringing across the river and should obtain the acceptance and close observation of construction observers when carrying out this process of pulling and stretching the lines. The river crossing stage while performing zipper should be conducted in the dry season. To pull the wire across the river, it is needed to contact the unit manager to unify construction methods, measures realm , construction progress and inform widely to all vessels prior to deployment. Allocate sufficient manpower and construction equipment to free traffic the most quickly. Construction units will coordinate with functional agencies in waterway and road management to implement the alerting process. g . Solutions for large span The 220kV line Hoa Binh - Hanoi West traverses the capital and Ky Son district of Hoa Binh . The Da River is the boundary between the city and Ky Son district of Hoa Binh. Thus, the 220kV lines - West Hanoi will pass the Da River. The plan for the river crossing sections were studied and selected from Mong Yen commune, Hoa Binh city and Ky Son town. g.1 . The main technological solutions: * Choose the conductors and the height of pylons The plans were selected for the comparison include: Option 1: aluminum wire steel core ACSR 330/43; Option 2: aluminum alloy steel core wire AACSR 380/50. Lightning resistant cables used in span are of wires PHLOX 116 and OPGW - 12. Project selected aluminum alloy conductor steel core AACRS-280/50 for the span crossing the Da river. * Insulation and accessories : Insulation for the spans uses glass or ceramic insulators. The number of insulators in a chain care calculated by the length of the wire, which is calculated as 20mm/kV. The height of the pylons is 72m, which will be increased with 2 insulators per chain. * The safeguards Anti- vibration: put anti-vibration weights on conducting wires and lightning rods in the first two pylons. In large span , put two weights for stabilization. Lightning Protection and Grounding: The spans are equipped with 2 lightning rods placed in no more than 20-degree angle to protect against direct lightning strikes on the line. Lightning INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 47 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE rods are connected directly to the grounding system of the pylon. Earthing system will be strengthened to ensure the grounding resistance is 2 times less than the normal requirements. Warning signals on waterways: River Road are signaled according to current industry standards of the Ministry of Transport. g.2 . The main building solutions The excessiveand braking pylons used for crossing span on the river, will use pyramidshaped pylons, galvanized zinc coated steel, and assembled with electrically welded bolts; the entire pylon is hot zinc coated. Particularly, for large span, many kinds of high strength steel will be increasingly used. For instance, type SS55 ( or equivalent) which have stability of 4000daN/cm2 to stress relief the pylons, and to save weight and to make it convenient in processing and manufacturing , subsequent erection. Based on these parameters on geological conditions, hydrology and location of works presented above, for large spans that requires great strength to ensure the safety of solution options for broading pylons’ foundation in large spans, such as: H222 and V222 - 72 - 37 (position 26, 27) and simultaneously heighten the foundation’s cylinders and stone embankment of the pylons’ foundation. Position 25 of H222 - 37 pylon is placed on top of the hill to choose based foundation solutions. Foundation is casted by concrete marked B15, B7.5 concrete foundation primer , reinforcing group AI, AIII. 1.4.6. Demands for raw materials Supply of materials and equipment for line includes 2 kinds, inside and outside the country as follows: - Sands, stones, etc. : are taken from local sources and dealers Cements: are taken from local dealers Foundation reinforcement, earthing: bought from local dealers, self-produced in the workshop. Steel column, foundation bolts: are taken from Committee A’s warehouse or local handcraft workshops. Wire, porcelain, accessories: Imported material, are taken from Committee A’s warehouse. Table 1.9: Supplies of materials and equipment Volume(by No. Name Source Receiver Transportation Notes ton) Types reinforced 10.416 Domestic 1 Local Field Trucks steel foundation (f≤ 10 tons) Production Domestic 2 Galvanized steel Hanoi 129.562 Production Electrical 3 conductors, Hanoi 56,76 Imported lightning rods Insulator chains, 5 accessories of all Hanoi 12,72 kinds Domestic 6 PC 40 Cement Local Field Trucks Production Local 7 Golden sand Local Field Trucks materials 8 Stones INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) - - - - 48 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Source: Project Notes 1.4.7. Machinery and equipment for the project To carry out the work on the field, force of vehicles and machines plays a very important role. The machinery for construction services includes new and old machines but machines are accredited following technical standards. Expected volume vehicles, machinery, construction equipment as follows: Table 1.10: Summarized table of major vehicles and equipment No. Name of construction vehicles Unit Quantity Status 1 Steel core transporter Unit 2 70 – 100% 2 Transport cars/trucks 2 70 – 100% 3 Ben trucks 3 70 – 100% 4 Fuel and Water tanked tucks 1 80 – 100% 5 Cranes 2 70 – 100% 6 Worker buses 2 70 – 100% 7 Cars Unit 1 80 – 100% 8 Ambulance 1 70 – 100% 9 Crawler tractors 3 70 – 100% 10 Bulldozers 3 70 – 100% 11 Concrete mixers 6 100% 12 Vibrators 8 100% 13 Broad dampers 4 100% 14 Electric welders 3 100% 15 Steel bending and cutting machines Unit 2 100% 16 Welding transformers 3 100% 17 Diesel generators 3 100% 18 Water pumps Unit 6 100% 19 Hydraulic Pressers 4 100% 20 Telephones 4 100% 21 Rollers 3 70 – 100% 22 Excavators, diggers 3 70 – 100% 67 Total Source: Project Notes Vehicles, machinery and construction equipment in the table can be replaced by vehicles, and other machinery with equivalent technical features. 1.4.8. Organization of the project - Project Management method is carried out through the attached project management. The agencies involved in the project as follows: - Investors Corporation National Power Transmission (NPT); - Project Management: Project Management Unit of the Northern Power NPT directly on behalf of the project manager; - Construction: Follow Investment Management Chartered existing building; - Receiving Operation Management: Power Transmission Corporation 1. 1.4.8.1. Process management and operation of electricity transmission systems 1. Power Transmission Corporation 1 is responsible for the operation of the electricity transmission system safety, and economic efficiency. 2. Power Transmission Corporation 1 is responsible for operational planning transmission system for years, months, weeks and days to the operation modes and hours to include: Plan and coordinate maintenance and repair of electrical equipment, electrical grid; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 49 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Security Assessment system includes electrical load forecasting, planning fuel supply from thermal power plants, hydrological forecasts from the hydroelectric plant, calculate the reserve power systems, plans to raise the source, mobilize and support services sack loads to ensure the power system security; Notify slowdown security system. 3. Power Transmission Corporation 1 planning, command mode operation and dispatching electricity to power plant operators and power grid managers within. 4. During operation of the power system, Power Transmission Corporation 1 will adhere to the following guidelines to maintain the safety and reliability of the electrical system: a) In operating warning mode, Power Transmission Corporation 1 will be announced on the official Web site of the electricity market status and warning information needs of this operation mode, while providing measures necessary to bring the system back to normal operating mode; b) In emergency operation mode, Power Transmission Corporation 1 will conduct the necessary measures to bring the power system back to normal operating mode the earliest; c) The load layoffs and cut off the electricity can be conducted only when there is a threat to human life and safety equipment, as more incidents occur simultaneously, while electrical transmission system operation operating in emergency mode or when extreme risk of declining electricity security of supply; d) The system automatically loads must be dismissed layout, installation to ensure proper electrical system does not disintegrate when the incident occurred; e) Develop methods to separate system into parts or to create loops when the incident spread can still balance the capacity of each region to maintain separate operating a power system components and prevent widespread incidents in the electrical system. In this case, the grid area have tried to conduct a quick recovery and safe; f) Calculate and ensure sufficient capacity for black boot to recovery after system crash disintegration. 1.4.8.2. Process maintenance and repair of power transmission systems 1. Power Transmission Corporation 1 is responsible for scheduling maintenance of electric transmission system includes a maintenance plan to fix the transmission grid and power sources connected to the transmission grid in service planning operate the transmission system in accordance with regulations. 2. Plan maintenance and repair electrical transmission system was established on the basis of operating schedules and registration maintenance plan to fix the grid must be calculated for the entire balance of the national power system according to the following principles: a) Ensure safe operation , stable , reliable and economic system; b) The balance of power source and the load and have enough reserve capacity , energy and ancillary services necessary for the operation mode of the national electricity system. 3. Power Transmission Corporation 1 planned maintenance and repair electrical transmission system and guidelines for power transmission unit. 4. Power Transmission Corporation 1 will evaluate the impact of planned maintenance and repair electrical grid 5. Planning grid maintenance and repair include: c) Schedule maintenance and repair of twelve (12) months; a) Maintenance repair the month, week or day; b) Planned maintenance and repair electric grid in two (02) years subsequent to assess the medium-term security systems. 6. Maintenance repairs twelve (12) months following must be established separately from maintenance and repair history month, week, day and must be notified to the relevant units of the INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 50 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE operating modes month, week, day. Plan maintenance and repair two (02) years following the orientation plan for assessing the medium-term security systems. 7. Time schedule maintenance and repair works must comply with regulations on the time mode of operation. 8. Maintenance repair include the following: d) Name of equipment maintenance and repair needs; e) Requirements and content maintenance and repair; f) Estimated time of start and completion of maintenance and repair work; g) other related equipment; 9. Vietnam Electricity Group is responsible for the formulation of planning grid maintenance and repair works Electricity Regulatory Bureau issued. 1.4.9. Implementation progress and human As stated above, the project is expected to 220kV Hoa Binh - Hanoi West construction within 12 months , with a total length of 50.6 km including 129 positions piles , need 10-15 work unit construction company specialized in construction line are organized into 10-15 independent roadworks. Organization of the project : The investor responsible for the procurement organization works. Construction and installation forces including 10-15 teams specialized construction lines (each team constructed a stage, each team averages about 21-27 people) The staff of 01 professional construction teams line includes: - Direct production: 15 - 20 people - Indirect manufacturing: 5 people - Steering committee on the field: 1-2 Construction progress of each item are shown in Table 1.12 as follows: INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) 51 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Table 1.11: Construction progress of each item are shown in the following table No. Content of works 1. Preparation work 1.1 Compensation work Clearing the line corridor (ha) 1.2 2 VOLUME 2nd month 4th month 6th month 9th month Overall Foundation work 2.1 Leveling foundation (m3) 2.2 Excavating pit (m3) 2.3 Leveling excavating pit (m3) 3 Concrete foundation work 3.1 Reinforcing steel (ton) 3.2 Overall 5 Concreting work (m3) Assembling and building pylons Stretching and wiring work 6 Completion work Overall 7 Deployment and handover Overall 4 CONSTRUCTION TIME INSTITUTE OF ENERGY (IE) Overall 52 10th month 12th month 1.4.10. Total investment Total investment: 526 746 443 000 VND Table 1.12: Total investment No. Sections cost Label Construction costs 1 GXL Equipment Costs 2 GTB Land acquisition costs 3 GGPMB The cost of project management 4 GQLDA The cost of construction investment 5 GTV consultancy Other expenses 6 GK 7 Provisional expense Total INSTITUE OF ENERGY GDP Amount 351.772.961.000 163.942.000 17.434.521.000 5.051.122.000 17.218.997.000 42.507.583.000 92.597.767.000 526.746.443.000 Source: Project Notes 53 CHAPTER 2: THE NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION 2.1. THE NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 2.1.1. Geography and geology conditions 2.1.1.1. Geographical conditions: The project 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi tranmission line passes through Hoa Binh and Hanoi city and is affected by the natural conditions of northern Vietnam. The terrain of the project is mostly mountainous and delta area with the typically tropical climate with four distinct seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter). Table 2.1: The natural and environmental condition Hanoi Hoa Binh province Geographical location: In Geographical location: In the Hoa Binh area, the the Hanoi area, the project line project line runs through Tan Thinh Ward, Tan Hoa, Huu passes through Dong Yen Nghi Ward, Mong Yen - Hoa Binh commune, Hoa Son Commune and Dong Doi Huu commune, Lam Son commune, Luong Son town - Luong Son Quang - Quoc Oai district. district, Dan Hoa commune, Dan Ha commune, Mong Hoa commune, Ky Son town - Ky Son district. Climate: The project runs on the total distance of 50.6 km which, however, lies entirely in the northern region of Vietnam with the characteristics of a tropical climate with hot and rainy summers, cold winters with little rain. Located in the tropical area, the area receives high amount of solar radiation and high temperatures. Terrain: In the area of Terrain: In Hoa Binh provincial areas, the project Hanoi, the project mainly passes mostly goes through hilly and mountainous terrain, which is through plain terrain (mainly dissected complexly, has high steep slopes with the tendency cultivated rice field) of northwest - southeast and has only a few plain terrains. Rivers: In the area of Hanoi city, the project cuts Con river and fishing pond at G37 - G38 in the sections, cuts through the trench once at the section G36 - G37, cuts through the canals system on the field of Can Huu commune at section G38 - G39, cuts through the fishing pond system at the section G39 - G40, and cuts through high trench at the section G40 NC. Rivers : In the Hoa Binh province area, the project cuts Da river once at the section G13 - G14, with a length of about 1.4 km, G13 starts from the hill in the Yen Mong commune and reaches G14 on the field of Ky Son hamlet, cuts through some small streams at the section G5 - G6 (cut Dung spring at the area of Huu Nghi ward), at section G8 - G9 (cuts small streams in the area of Tan Hoa ward), at section G12 - G13 (cuts through Thia stream of Mong Yen province), at section G13 - G14 (cuts through the water canals of Dan Ha commune ) . In addition, the project also cuts through a freshwater lake at the section G15-G16, crossing ponds and lakes 5 times at the section G30-G31, deeply cuts through 1-crop fishing pond and rice field, crosses through ponds twice. 2.1.1.2. Terrain condition 220kV Hoa Binh – Tay Ha Noi transmission line has the total length of 50.6 km including 41 angular positions (G). The starting point is the distribution field of 220kV Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant (in Hoa Binh province) and the endpoint is the 220kV Tay Ha Noi substation (in Quoc Oai - Ha Noi). Among them: - The area of Hoa Binh province: 39.8 km long, including 36G, cuts through the territory of Hoa Binh City, Ky Son district, Luong Son district; INSTITUE OF ENERGY 54 - The area of Hanoi: 10.8 km long, including 5G cutting through Quoc Oai district. Table 2.2: Characteristics of topography, local geology project going through. Hòa Bình Hà Nội Number From the beginning to about G36, total length From G36 to endpoint, total length of G and of 39.8 km. of 10.8 km length - Starting from the distribution field of 220kV From G36 the line runs on the Hoa Binh Hydropower Plant (Hoa Binh the territory of Quoc Oai district, province), goes through the downstream of crosses Dong Yen, Can Huu, Da River. Through the territory of Hoa Binh, Thach Han, Dong Quang a length of about 10.0 km. The section communes. The terrain of the line crossing through Da river (G13 - G14) to Ky is mostly plain field for rice and Son district has the length of about 13.4 km; crops plantation, combined with Terrain Luong Son district approximately 16.4 km in few low hills. length; - The terrain is mostly low hill and mountain terrain, in the type of weathered terrain combined with erosion corrosion. Botanical fields are mostly forested hills, rice field valleys; - Geology placed on the foundation of the - The geology of the construction original soil slopes weathered remnants from located on the original weathered the rock formations including formations soil erosion, corrosion buildup and intrusion, eruption (Paleozoic, Mezozoi - accumulation of river marine PZ3, MZ1), terrigenous sediments (Triassic: Quaternary age (edQ4; alQ4); Geology T2-3); - Evaluate the general level of - Overall assessment level: Terrain terrain: Level 4: 8.0 km; Level 3: topography grade 4: 27.0 km; terrain level 5: 2.81 km; 12.8 km; - Level rocky soil level 3. - Level rocky soil level 3-4. Source: Project notes. 2.1.1.3. Geological condition Pursuant to the document concerning the survey results, the geological background for construction from the top to the ground includes the following categories. 1. Cover ground (1): Distributed fairly evenly over the surface terrain. The composition is clay in the shade of yellow, yellow -brown, the condition of soil is soft foam on the hills, and elastic in the rice valleys mixed with tree roots and organic remnants. Layer thickness of 0.2-0.4 m. This is the solid layer which will be peeled away pit. 2. Clay layer (1a): Original Quaternary sediments - alQ4. Very limited distribution area (the end of the line). Composition contains yellow, yellow – gray clay in from soft to hard plastic. Average thickness of 1.0-1.5 m. 3. Clay layer (2a): Original buildup weathered worn - AQ4. The area is mainly distributed in section G36, Da river crossing section. The composition of clay is in the shade of yellow, red yellow, variegated color, from hard plastic to soft plastic. Average thickness of 1.5 m. 4. Clay layer (2b): Original weathered worn - aQ4. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 55 The area is mainly distributed in the section G36-DC, Da river crossing section, usually under 2a layer. The composition of clay is in the shade of yellow, red yellow, variegated color, from hard plastic to mixed fine laterite. Average thickness is not decided. 5. Clay layer (3a): Original weathered basalt, limestone – edQ4. The distribution is mainly on the surface terrain of the line. The composition of clay is in the shade of yellow, variegated red yellow, and around 5 % mixture. The status is semi-hard to hard plastic. Thickness varies from 1.5 to 5.0 m. 6. Fine particle clay layer (3b): Tropical weathered basalt intense - adQ4... Mainly lies beneath 3a layer, with some places revealed on the surface of the terrain: poocfirit basalt is intensely weathered in the shape of coccolith, in the state ò semi-hard clay, tightly structured. Thickness is not decided. 7. Fine particle clay layer (3c): Intensely weathered zone of limestone –edQ4. Mainly lies beneath 3a, some places revealed beneath the surface: basalt, limestone, weathered intense beam shape, lumps and clay products semisolid state, tightly structured. Thickness is not decided. The basic physical and mechanical conditions of the class are as follows: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 56 Table 2.3: Main criteria of soil layers Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay layer mixed layer layer layer layer layer with particles (1a) (2a) (2b) (3a) (3b) (3c) Criteria Unit Natural humidity Natural density Dry density Density Plasticity Index Consistency Porosity Porosity ratio Compression ratio subsidence W 33.9 33.5 31.8 29.5 23.1 21.0 % W k Ip B n 1.87 1.39 2.71 16.3 0.54 49.0 0.98 1.80 1.48 2.72 20.6 0.32 51.0 1.07 1.82 1.38 2.72 20.4 0.23 50.0 0.95 1.82 1.41 2.73 19.5 0.16 48.5 0.90 1.92 1.56 2.73 11.6 0.19 42.8 0.75 1.90 1.57 2.74 13.4 0.17 42.8 0.75 g/cm3 g/cm3 g/cm3 % a 0.048 0.041 0.028 0.027 0.041 0.030 cm2/daN Cohesive force C 0.24 0.30 0.32 0.38 0.35 0.30 Friction angle Strength (m=b=h=1) Deformation module (m=b=h=1) 14.0 16.0 18.0 20 22 20 R0 1.30 1.80 1.95 2.20 2.40 2.30 E0 74 83 94 115 140 125 % daN/ cm2 Degree daN/ cm2 daN/ cm2 Source: project notes. 8. Layer (4+ 4a): The original rock formations. Poocfirit basalt, gray limestone, gray, weathered fractured rock hard, hard state average. Some of the weathered parts have lumps and chips, tightly structured. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 57 2.1.1.4. Geological conditions around beyond the Da River The section crossing Da River is one of the specially designed locations, so the investor has carried out geological surveys in the anchor column 2, from which 05 soil layers from top to bottom as follows: + Cover layer: 0.3 to 2.3m thickness of soil which is soft and has the grass roots and organic remnants will be stripped away during the construction. + Clay layer (2a): Original weathered worn accumulation table - AQ4. + Clay layer (2b): Original weathered worn accumulation table - AQ4. + Clay layer (3a): Original weathered basalt, limestone - edQ4. + Layered clay mixed with particles (3b): For intense weathered of basalt - edQ4. Da River is expected to span approximately 820m. Survey results of anchor column 2, shows as follows: Table 2.4: Soil physical and mechanical anchor columns in the section crossing the Black River Clay layer Clay Clay layer Clay Criteria mixed with Unit layer (2a) (2b) layer (3a) particles (3b) Natural humidity W 33.5 31.8 29.5 23.1 % Natural density 1.80 1.82 1.82 1.92 g/cm3 W Dry density k 1.48 1.38 1.41 1.56 g/cm3 Density 2.72 2.72 2.73 2.73 g/cm3 Plasticity Index Ip 20.6 20.4 19.5 11.6 % Consistency B 0.32 0.23 0.16 0.19 Porosity n 51.0 50.0 48.5 42.8 Porosity ratio 1.07 0.95 0.90 0.75 Compression ratio subsidence a 0.041 0.028 0.027 0.030 cm2/daN Cohensive force C 0.30 0.32 0.38 0.35 daN/ cm2 Friction angle 16.0 18 20 22 Degree Strength (m=b=h=1) R0 1.80 1.95 2.20 2.40 daN/ cm2 Deformation module (m=b=h=1) E0 83 94 115 140 daN/ cm2 % Source: Project notes. 2.1.2. Meteorological Conditions 2.1.2.1. The air temperature Temperature: In the project area, from May to October, hot and humid climate, the average temperature was 27.7°C. From November to April the following year, the cold climate with an average temperature of 19.9°C. Absolute highest temperature measured at the meteorological station in Ha Dong is 40oC, appeared on 5/VII/2010. Absolute lowest temperature measured was 5.9°C during the day 26/I/2005. The value of average temperature from 2002 to 2011 is shown in the following table: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 58 Table 2.5: Average temperature of January in the year. Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII (oC) Aver age 29. 26. 20. 27.8 24.6 18.7 23.9 2 7 7 21. 25. 29. 26. 22. 2003 16.5 20.7 28.2 29.7 28.3 25.4 17.4 24.4 6 6 4 8 8 20. 23. 28. 27. 22. 2004 16.7 17.5 25.6 28.7 28.3 24.5 18.0 23.4 2 5 6 1 1 18. 23. 28. 27. 21. 2005 15.7 17.5 28.1 29.3 27.9 25.3 16.7 23.4 8 4 8 5 9 19. 24. 29. 27. 23. 2006 17.7 18.1 26.3 29.3 27.2 26.3 17.3 23.9 9 6 1 1 7 20. 22. 29. 26. 20. 2007 16.7 21.4 26.2 29.3 28.4 24.9 19.9 23.8 8 7 5 4 3 20. 24. 28. 27. 21. 2008 14.8 13.5 26.7 27.9 28.4 25.8 17.7 23.1 9 2 7 4 0 20. 24. 29. 28. 21. 2009 15.4 22.0 26.4 29.6 29.2 25.9 19.5 24.3 6 1 1 3 2 21. 23. 30. 28. 21. 2010 17.8 20.5 28.2 30.3 27.9 25.1 19.1 24.5 6 2 0 2 5 17. 23. 29. 27. 23. 2011 12.7 17.6 26.6 29.0 28.6 24.3 17.0 23.0 1 4 5 3 4 Avera 20. 24. 29. 27. 21. 16.1 18.8 26.9 29.2 28.2 25.2 18.1 23.8 ge 4 0 2 3 9 Source: Ha Dong Station - Hydro meteorological Data Center - National Center for Hydrometeorology, 2012. 2.1.2.2. Air humidity The average humidity of the project area from 2002 to 2011 is 84%. The value of the monthly average humidity and moisture average from 2002 to 2011 are shown in the following table: 2002 17.1 19.2 INSTITUE OF ENERGY 22 25 26.9 29.1 59 Table 2.6: Average annual humidity. (%) Year I 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Avr 83 84 83 84 79 76 83 77 84 73 81 II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Avr 88 86 88 88 86 84 88 87 85 85 87 86 87 83 87 87 81 85 90 90 80 78 77 84 87 85 90 89 82 85 889 88 79 81 79 85 88 86 89 87 83 85 90 88 83 85 76 85 89 87 86 85 83 85 91 81 84 82 81 85 87 92 85 84 83 84 88 87 85 75 83 84 76 85 88 84 87 84 87 87 85 80 78 82 88 86 86 86 80 84 84 83 82 71 78 82 83 80 86 84 78 79 86 83 75 75 80 81 85 82 84 81 84 80 83 83 82 81 72 81 86 85 87 86 83 84 88 86 82 79 79 84 Source: Ha Dong Station - Hydro meteorological Data Center - National Center for Hydrometeorology, 2012. 2.1.2.3. Radiation Total sunshine hours measured average in 10 years (2002-2011) 1325.9 hours/year. Power mode is closely related to the regime of radiation and cloud status. From January to April XII overcast cloudy sky with the sun shining so at least a year, only 63.6 hours/month. In February, the V, it should warm sunshine hours increased to 144 hours/month... Total sunshine hours of the month and year are shown in Table 2.5 as follow: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 60 Table 2.7: Total sunshine hours of the month and year. (Hour) Year I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Avr 2002 77.7 72.6 31.3 111.0 128.6 124.9 101.9 152.3 144.6 140.0 100.1 60.6 1215.6 2003 109.3 93.1 73.5 101.8 166.1 153.5 226.6 119.2 145.9 148.7 132.6 99.2 1569.5 2004 24.5 60.9 45.2 67.6 127.0 165.3 110.9 165.4 133.9 120.6 128.7 152.0 1313.0 2005 30.0 19.3 34.1 74.8 184.7 122.8 202 130.6 163.7 113.5 127.6 67.6 1270.7 2006 68.0 35.9 26.4 104.6 164.4 182.5 154.9 92.7 169.6 111.3 146.9 100.9 1358.1 2007 62.6 64.7 25.7 78.8 145.7 227.1 216.6 155.2 135.2 92.2 182.9 53.1 1440.1 2008 62.0 28.5 65.8 77.6 150.3 120.7 149.0 135.4 128.4 104.0 149.0 110.2 1280.9 2009 96.8 0.0 45.2 97.6 143.6 168.3 161.9 202.4 139.8 126.4 141.4 67.1 1390.5 2010 31.8 103.2 57.9 53.4 133.5 158.8 190.9 116.8 163.4 115.7 97.8 69 1292.2 2011 1.5 37.4 13.3 60.7 150.6 136.5 172.6 168.6 107.2 80.7 106.3 93.2 1128.6 Avr 57.4 48.6 41.9 82.8 149.5 156.0 168.7 143.9 143.2 115.3 131.3 87.3 1325.9 Source: Ha Dong Station - Hydro meteorological Data Center - National Center for Hydrometeorology, 2012. 2.1.2.4. Wind speed and wind direction Wind is one of the basic meteorological factors most affecting the spread of pollutants in the air and disturbs pollutants in water In the project, winter prevailing wind direction is northwest and north, summer prevailing wind direction is South East North West and North. The factors affecting the wind direction is the pressure and topographical characteristics of the area. Average wind speed according to the average direction for many years (from 2002-2011) are presented in the following table. Table 2.8: The monthly average wind speed and five (m/s) Year/Character I II III 2002 V(average) Vmax Direction Day 2003 V(average) Vmax Direction Day 2004 V(average) Vmax Direction Day 2005 V(average) Vmax 1 8 W 12 1 8 NE 27 1 8 NE 18 1 8 2 7 SSE 25 2 8 SE 21 1 10 NE 3 2 8 2 6 SE 2 2 8 NE 6 1 7 SE 20 1 9 INSTITUE OF ENERGY IV V VI 2 2 1 7 7 8 SE W SW 10 1 20 2 1 1 7 9 7 SE SSE SSE 17 3 29 2 2 1 8 14 10 ENE SW NW 16 28 26 2 2 1 18 12 10 VII VIII IX X XI XII Average 1 12 SSE 1 2 13 W 9 1 9 SSE 15 2 18 1 12 NW 18 1 8 W 27 1 10 NW 4 1 9 1 9 NE 12 1 6 SE 14 1 6 NE 19 1 14 1 6 SE 6 1 6 SE 4 1 1 NE 2 1 6 1 8 NE 16 1 6 SSE 5 2 8 NE 15 1 7 1 8 NE 8 1 6 NE 19 2 7 NE 30 1 7 1.3 12 SSE 1-VII 1.3 13 W 9 1.3 14 SW 28 1.3 18 61 Year/Character 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Average Direction SE SE NE NE SW NW N NW N S NNE NE N Day 25 14 12 12 13 5 31 16 27 18 18 4 31-VII V(average) 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 Vmax 7 10 8 12 13 14 10 7 9 9 13 6 14 Direction NE SE NE NE N SW SW NE N NW N NNE SW Day 6 13 13 28 13 12 19 10 10 9 20 1 12-VI V(average) 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 Vmax 7 11 9 14 9 13 13 14 16 8 7 6 16 Direction SE ESE SE NE N SW NE NNE N NE NW SE N Day 16 27 2 3 12 12 26 16 18 4 27 1 18-IX V(average) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.0 Vmax 6 6 6 6 9 8 8 7 8 8 10 7 10 Direction SE NE SE SE NW SE N SW SE ESE NE N NE Day 9 26 20 6 9 20 28 4 13 23 7 5 7-XI V(average) 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.2 Vmax 8 8 11 7 8 12 7 7 8 7 9 9 12 Direction N SE NE SE SE SW SE N N NW N SE SW Day 21 19 13 9 12 30 6 8 26 14 2 6 30-VI V(average) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.0 Vmax 7 10 17 10 14 12 13 10 8 9 7 15 17 Direction NNE ESE NNE NNE SW SW S ESE SE NNE NE NE NNE Day 12 8 25 26 21 7 6 24 8 3 4 25 25-III V(average) 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Vmax 10 10 14 8 12 15 13 7 9 7 5 6 15 Direction NE SE NNE SE SE NW NNE NW NW NW NW NE NW Day 11 11 15 13 23 23 30 5 30 4 6 8 23-VI Source: Ha Dong Station - Hydrometeorological Data Center - National Center for Hydrometeorology, 2012. 2.1.2.5. Evaporation Average annual evaporation project area is 999mm. Month of evaporation is greatest in July reached 106.4 mm. Evaporation is low as 61.7 mm in August II. Distribution of monthly evaporation PICHER of meteorological stations shown in the following table.. Table 2.9: Average monthly evaporation (mm) Year I II III IV V 2002 2003 2004 2005 72.7 64.2 70.6 56.9 54.7 74.2 57.3 46.9 72.7 89.6 72.9 57.7 77.6 73.2 57.5 59.3 75.7 81.1 67.0 83.9 INSTITUE OF ENERGY VI VII VIII 89.9 77.8 61.1 111.0 109.0 61.5 108.6 92.6 74.0 107.9 113.2 72.2 IX 62.9 56.3 62.7 79.0 X XI XII 68.9 58.5 54.4 109.0 111.3 94.7 106.2 89.9 83.5 101.2 76.0 104.1 Average 826.9 1035.1 942.8 958.3 62 2006 86.7 49.5 56.5 82.2 102.6 112.5 98.8 63.7 102.3 95.6 101.4 90.3 1042.1 2007 105.8 78.3 53.2 77.9 105.6 124.3 107.6 89.4 79.1 92.4 121.6 81.25 1116.4 2008 70.5 70.3 75.4 66.9 101.5 79.4 90.0 75.6 76.8 85.4 78.3 85.9 956.0 2009 81.7 52.2 64.2 75.1 84.3 115.4 83.1 98.0 83.7 97.1 123.3 95.0 1053.1 2010 63.6 84.0 94.0 62.7 86.4 132.9 130.4 75.7 92.6 122.9 101.7 86.9 1133.8 2011 81.2 50.0 63.8 75.0 91.6 81.7 96.4 79.9 72.5 74.9 69.4 88.8 925.2 TB 75.4 61.7 70.0 70.7 88.0 106.4 99.9 75.1 76.8 95.4 93.1 86.5 999.0 Source: Ha Dong Station - Hydro meteorological Data Center - National Center for Hydrometeorology, 2012. 2.1.2.6. Rain The rainy season usually occurs during the period from May to October. Wettest months are usually July or August is associated with the rainy season in the northern delta. Monthly rainfall is minimal or months are February XII. Annual average rainfall is 1551.7 mm. Maximum daily rainfall is 214mm 2002-2011 period (appears on 13/VII/2009). Mean monthly rainfall and average years are shown in table 2.8 below: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 63 Table 2.10 Average monthly rainfall in year. Month I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI (mm) XII Year 2002 24.5 33.0 14.5 14.5 224.5 260.5 114.5 158.0 147.0 128.0 66.0 81.5 1266.5 2003 40.0 42.5 5.0 30.0 330.0 218.0 325.9 321.0 340.0 15.0 0.0 2.5 2004 2.5 13.5 33.5 121.5 204.0 254.5 367.0 303.5 116.0 17.0 38.5 18.5 1490.0 2005 28.0 18.0 44.0 40.5 81.0 217.4 330.0 484.0 464.5 4.5 184.5 26.0 1922.4 2006 0.0 13.5 37.0 25.0 219.5 148.5 201.5 381.5 126.0 16.5 55.5 0.0 1224.5 2007 0.5 31.3 20.6 110.5 144.5 294.0 140.0 189.5 201.0 179.5 6.0 5.5 13229 2008 35.5 20.2 8.5 40.5 233.0 307.5 281.0 349.5 250.0 394.5 280.5 9.0 2209.7 2009 4.5 6.5 36.5 54.5 234.5 232.5 505.0 179.5 78.0 0.5 0.0 1427.0 2010 74.0 0.0 0.0 42.5 105.0 260.5 207.0 244.5 328.5 43.5 1.5 5.0 1342.0 2011 1.0 5.0 117.5 83.0 191.0 295.0 120.0 305.0 249.0 225.5 2.5 48.0 1642.5 TB 95.0 1669.9 21.1 18.4 31.7 56.3 196.7 248.8 259.2 283.2 243.2 110.2 63.6 19.6 151.7 Source: Hà Đông station – National data center – National data center, 2012. 2.1.2.7. Abnormal weather Rainstorm: During the heating season (from August to October), there are a certain number of tropical depressions and typhoons forming in the sea off the eastern Philippines go landings on the northern delta move westward cause rain big, strong winds. Northeast Monsoon: The northeast monsoon is the high pressure gas formed from the Asian continent blowing through the South (China) in the north east of North Vietnam from January to May V. IX Between the cold winter, some faster winds and winds stronger than the first and last round of the season. Each northeast monsoon overflow affects local weather from 3 to nearly ten days, with the characteristic air temperature is lowered dramatically, it was "tropical" of that warming. Having the northeast monsoon season overflow in late winter or air meets warm moist tropical weather disturbances, born storm, tornado, hail, devastating the local as they swept through. Hoarfrost: Usually in November December and January the following year, at the end of the northeast monsoon, operating sunny, cloudless night, calm winds, caused strong ground radiation. The air temperature can be lowered to near 0°C rapidly. Water vapor in the air condenses armor ground salt crystals form, causing the weather remains cold called hoarfrost. Hoarfrost can shut down the metabolic processes of plants, frozen tissue so the real tropical mollusks die, damage to the respiratory system of humans and animals. Nom: In winter, alternating among cold snap has unusually hot days or occurs in the spring, air humidity up to 90%, causing moisture condensation phenomena wet floor, mold making supplies use, and food, insect development ... called monsoon weather. 2.1.2.8. Lightning Number of days with thunderstorm lightning in the area average in the following table: Table 2.11 Number of days in the year Lightning. (Days) Month I II INSTITUE OF ENERGY III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Year 64 Hòa Bình station Hà Nội station 0,3 0,8 2,9 8,8 14,7 14,3 15,5 13,8 8,0 3,1 0,4 0,1 82,5 0,2 0,7 2,0 6,4 9,3 10,4 10,8 9,8 6,2 2,3 0,4 0,1 58,6 Source: NTR 02:2009 / BXD. The above table shows that most Lightning from May to August to coincide with the rainy period. 2.1.3. Hydrological conditions Surface water crossing Route 2 Da River is large, survival, affecting traffic on the Black River is primarily where large density transportation. Also online also cut through a few small streams, ponds and lakes. The water level fluctuates seasonally from 0.5 to 1.5 m. The flood season water level quickly pulled in a short time. The level of spring water does not affect the work. Water levels on the river Da multi-slow transformation. Downstream water levels fluctuate and are influenced by the low tide. Average monthly flow over the common river much smaller than average year - AMY: January 10/2013 on the Black River to flow Hoa Binh reservoir is less than 43% compared with AMY; characteristic values of water level, flow monthly salary of 10/2013 (H cm; Q m3/s): River Station Highest Lowest Average TBNN Compared with TBNN Hoa Binh reservoir 1930 250 1050 1830 -43% Da River (reservoir flow m3 / s) Groundwater: the section on the hillside, mountain low: The water level on the entire route is often very deep below the surface, does not affect the column foundations. Paragraph goes on plain: the average groundwater level of about 4 to 4.5 m. The analytical results of the water samples showed no corrosive concrete. Below is a detailed table showing the rivers and streams that cut across projects: Bảng 2.12. List of rivers and streams affected by project TT Piket's cutpoint 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5+28.9 28+90.0 94+81.8 104+11.3 105+45.9 120+40.5 169+77.9 182+500 328+05.3 330+11.8 INSTITUE OF ENERGY Crossed the corner 70 80 60 60 90 80 80 Name rivers The width of the river (stream) in the direction of cut (m) Pond Stream Đà River Branch of Đà river canal lake+stream stream stream Pond Ao 83,5 23,4 641,1 22,4 4,0 110,0 71,0 10,0 50,0 32,2 65 TT Piket's cutpoint 11 12 13 335+42.5 340+21.7 341+05.9 14 398+56.1 15 Crossed the corner Name rivers The width of the river (stream) in the direction of cut (m) 151,3 80,2 236,4 408+69.5 Pond Pond Lake Fish pond (one season field) Swamp 16 414+86.0 Pond 30,7 17 415+76.8 Pond 69,9 18 421+40 90 Pond 70,0 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 427+41 427+81 428+76 430+87 434+78 437+32 438+73 439+61 445+60 448+36 453+62 456+21 457+35 459+21 461+88 464+71 464+96 468+01 469+27 471+47 471+59 472+41 473+70 475+65 475+70 476+08 476+69 477+71 477+97 478+24 478+73 120 Canal Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Con river Fish pond Canal Canal Canal Canal Pond Canal Canal Canal Canal Canal Pond Pond Canal Canal Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Canal 5 80 100 154,9 109,7 74,8 87,7 72,3 48,3 336,5 4 4 3 53,9 71,6 10 26 4 4 4 82,3 37,6 3 2 38,6 24,2 39,1 26 27,3 49,2 17 INSTITUE OF ENERGY 90 110 90 60 120 60 90 90 90 40 80 80 898,2 79,7 66 TT Piket's cutpoint Crossed the corner Name rivers 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 481+53 483+78 486+27 489+28 493+65 495+08 500+22 500+40 505+91 75 130 80 80 45 120 70 Canal Canal Canal Canal Canal Canal Canal Pond Canal 90 The width of the river (stream) in the direction of cut (m) 8 25 12 10 10 4 8 18 15 Source: Statistics Report 2.1.4. The geological phenomena of physics, electrical resistivity Through the police investigation along the route, terrain landforms on-line column position is less likely to arise slide. Conducting soil resistivity measured by electrical probe method at 20 specific sites. Measurement results averaged for the following classes: Table 2.13 The results of the resistivity measurements of soil STT Class name Height (m) Resistivity (m) 1 Clay layer (1a+2a+2b) 1,0 – 4,0 110 – 130 2 Clay layer (3a) 1,0 – 4,0 450 – 550 3 Soil particle (3b+3c) 1,0 – 4,0 850 – 1100 4 Weathered rock (4) 1,0 – 4,0 2500 – 3000 Earthquakes: according to the seismic zoning map of the territory of Vietnam Institute of Geophysics TTKHTN, Technology and Environment, established in 1995. The area of the earthquakes Msmax = 6.1 to 6.5, h = 15-20 km, I max = 8.0 (according to MSK - 64)) 2.1.5. The status of the physical components of the environment 2.1.5.1. Current status of surface water, air, soil To assess the current state of the natural environment in the project area, the sample gas, water consulting unit is Energy Institute has combined with Chemistry Laboratory - Operations Management and Environmental Analysis at the Institute of Chemical Engineering - Student and Professional Documents measurement conducted sampling and analysis. Location map soil sampling, surface water and air along the lines (Location map overall soil sampling, surface water and air are attached in annex) Here are some epitomizes the sampling location platform: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 67 Figure 2.1: Location map of sampling platform G1 G26 Figure 2.2: Location map G26 – Endpoint INSTITUE OF ENERGY 68 1. Air Environment The monitoring and analysis equipment 21 toxic gases automatic targets measuring: Oldham MX21 Plus (France) Air sampling equipment: BUCK - VSS 5 (U.S.) Noise measuring device: Extech Intrusment (Germany) System instrumentation microclimate: DAVIS Instruments (USA) Dust concentration measuring device: TDA (U.S.) Equipment spectrophotometer, UV - VIS: Jasco V - 530 (Japan) Methods of monitoring Field with specialized testing equipment Absorbing solution, GC analysis in the laboratory Preservation: For air samples after sampling is complete , proceed to have blood in the scene and transferred to the laboratory air quality and noise analysis to proceed . Log samples were collected and strict performance during Observation has the problem not yet on the work sampling . Monitoring parameters: The microclimate parameters: temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, wind direction The physical and chemical: CO, SO2, NOx, total dust, noise. TT 1 Position Monitoring: Perform measuring and sampling the atmosphere at 10 locations. Table 2.14: Location of environmental monitoring of air Coordinates Symbol Location N E K1 0533736 2301504 Air samples in the front yard Hoa Binh hydropower Air samples in true mountain region, held 25 wards of Friendship, Peace City 2 K2 0534144 2302323 3 K3 0535286 2310448 4 K4 0536786 2310212 5 K5 0541166 2313525 6 K6 0545935 2314231 INSTITUE OF ENERGY Air samples at his doorstep Thiem, neighbors Bun, Mong Yen, Hoa Binh city . Sample air his doorstep Dinh Van Khue, river neighbor, Dan Ha commune, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh city. Air samples at Back Beach neighborhood, Mong Hoa, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh province. Air samples in the neighborhood of Go Bui, Dan Hoa Commune, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh 69 province. 7 K7 0559934 2312797 Front air samples Forestry University at Highway 21 8 K8 0561834 2313509 Air samples at Gold Camp, Dong Ha village, Dong Yen Commune, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi. 9 K9 0564120 2315957 Air samples at Ben Lime, Lower Village Doi, Doi Huu Commune, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi. 2321072 Air samples in the dike Yen Noi, Thach Radicals, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi. 10 K10 0567311 The analytical results of air environment: To assess the current state of air quality environmental project area and surrounding areas based on the actual terrain, the wind direction during the day to conduct monitoring surveys. The results of analysis of environmental air areas as follows: Table 2:15. The analytical results of air environment QCVN QCVN Parameters Result 05:2009/ 26:2010/ TT Unit BTNMT BTNMT K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 o Temperature C 23 22 23 24 24 1 Humidity % 71 69 68 69 72 2 Wind Speed m/s 1,94 2,03 1,99 2,01 1,75 3 Wind TB TB TB TB TB 4 Direction Pressure mBar 1011,3 1001,9 1005,3 1010,7 1011,5 5 3 Total dust 122 102 97 112 121 300 6 g/m Noise dBA 61 59 67 63 58 70 7 CO 14465 15134 12542 12453 13421 30.000 8 g/m3 3 SO2 123 132 103 121 154 350 9 g/m 3 137 131 103 104 141 200 10 NOx g/m TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Parameters Temperature Humidity Wind Speed Wind Direction Pressure Total dust Noise CO SO2 INSTITUE OF ENERGY Results Unit QCVN 05:2009/ BTNMT QCVN 26:2010/ BTNMT - - C % m/s K6 22 69 2,03 K7 23 69 2,01 K8 23 67 2,03 K9 23 68 2,02 K10 24 70 2,12 - TB TB TB TB TB - - mBar g/m3 dBA g/m3 g/m3 1011,0 121 63 14412 132 1011,3 104 59 15132 125 1011,5 100 64 12553 100 1011,4 113 66 12423 143 1011,6 122 67 13425 132 300 30.000 350 70 - o 70 10 142 121 98 101 104 200 g/m3 Source: Chemistry Laboratory - Operations Management and Environmental Analysis Institute of Chemical Engineering - Student and professional documents. NTR 05:2009 / MONRE: National technical regulation on ambient air quality (for CO, SO2, NO2, total dust) NTR 26:2010 / MONRE: National Technical Regulation on noise. Comment: For air samples after sampling is complete, proceed to have blood in the scene and transferred to the laboratory air quality and noise analysis to proceed. Log samples were collected and strict performance during Observation has the problem not yet on the work sampling. Through the survey, measurement, sampling and laboratory analysis indicates the current status of air environment of the project area 220 kV line west of Hanoi in Hoa Binh-reaching environmental regulations Vietnam regulations: NTR 05:2009 / MONRE in ambient air, NTR 26: 2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation of noise. NOx 2. Surface Water Environment The instrumentation and analysis Measuring water quality: Water Quality-Check TOA (Japan) + BOD5 analysis Equipment: BOD HACH instrument (USA) Equipment E.coli analysis: Total coliform Lab HACH (U.S.) Spectrophotometer equipment / UV-Vis Jasco V-530 (Japan) Methods of analysis Measure quickly at the scene; Weight, titration, colorimetric. Preservation: All water samples obtained after instant store in barrel (a temperature of about 4°C) during transportation to the laboratory (Lab). In the laboratory, sample containers were stored in a refrigerator until analysis. Indicator analysis: pH, COD, BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), DO, ammonium, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, arsenic, E. coli, Coliform Location observation: Conduct surface water sampling at 10 locations along the line. Notation and coordinates of the sample location as the following table: Table 2:16: Location of surface water sampling Coordinates No Symbols Locations N E 1 NM1 Black River surface water samples at the position after 0534762 2302323 flood overflow 2 NM2 0534144 2303839 Samples of surface water in streams Yeah, hold 25 wards of Hoa Binh 3 NM3 0534991 2308152 The stream water samples at Thia, Mong Yen, Hoa Binh city INSTITUE OF ENERGY 71 4 5 NM4 NM5 The stream water samples at Thia, Mong Yen, Hoa Binh. Samples of surface water in streams flowing through the 0534515 2306305 area charge, hold 17, Tan Hoa, Hoa Binh. Samples of surface water drainage channel at the bottom of the breech bridge, river neighbor, Dan Ha Commune, Ky 0536876 2309918 Son district, Hoa Binh. 6 NM6 Samples of surface water canals in Dong Bai, Hoa Son 0577722 2309666 commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh. 7 NM7 Surface water samples at Ascension foot waterfall, Bui Go 0545699 2313629 neighbor, Dan Hoa Commune, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh. 8 NM8 Samples of surface water in lakes dots, Gold Camp, village 0561916 2013459 of Dong Ha, Dong Yen Commune, Quoc Oai, Ha Noi 9 NM9 Samples of surface water in irrigation canals in Ben Lime , 0564120 2315957 Basing House , Quoc Oai , Ha Noi 10 NM10 Samples of surface water in lakes Yen Noi, Quang Dong 0567311 2321072 Commune, Quoc Oai district, Hanoi. The results of surface water monitoring sample points as in the following table: Table 2:17: The results of analysis of surface water quality Result No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 pH BOD5(200C) Solid (TSS) COD DO Amoni (NH4+) (calculated by N) Chloral (Cl-) Floride(F-) Phosphate (PO4 3-) (calculated by P) mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 7,0 13 41 24 5,3 6,9 15 47 25 5,1 7,1 17 51 31 3,5 7,1 15 50 28 4,5 6,8 24 49 43 4,4 QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT, Degree B1 5,5 – 9 15 50 30 ≥4 mg/l 0,13 0,41 0,22 0,45 0,32 0,5 mg/l mg/l 78 0,8 67 0,7 78 0,6 89 1,2 113 1,01 600 1,5 mg/l 5,3 5,2 6,7 3,6 4,5 10 Nitrit (NO2-) (calculated by N) Nitrate (NO3-)( MPN/ 100ml mg/l 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,003 0,002 0,04 2,2 2,3 4,1 3,2 4,0 10 Parameters INSTITUE OF ENERGY Unit NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 72 calculated by N) 12 Asen (As) 13 E.Coli 14 Coliform No 1 2 Parameters 12 pH BOD5(200C) Suspended solids (TSS) COD DO Amoni (NH4+) (calculated by N) Chloral (Cl-) Floride(F-) Phosphate (PO4 3-) (calculated by P) Nitrit (NO2-) (calculated by N) Nitrate (NO3-)( calculated by N) Asen (As) 13 E.Coli 14 Coliform 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 mg/l MPN/ 100ml MPN/ 100ml 0,001 0,002 0,001 0,003 0,004 0,05 21 79 86 95 97 100 3,2x103 5,1x103 5,3x103 6,6x103 6,1x103 7500 Results QCVN 08:2008/ BTNMT, Level B1 Unit NM6 NM7 NM8 NM9 NM10 mg/l 7,2 14 6,7 24 7,2 13 6,8 13 6,9 15 5,5 – 9 15 mg/l 41 43 50 49 51 50 mg/l mg/l 23 5,1 40 4,1 22 4,2 22 4,3 27 4,5 30 ≥4 mg/l 0,34 0,42 0,24 0,41 0,32 0,5 mg/l mg/l 102 0,8 78 0,9 97 1,03 134 1,3 200 1,04 600 1,5 mg/l 4,5 5,2 5,6 2,5 4,6 10 MPN/ 100ml 0,01 0,011 0,021 0,005 0,002 0,04 mg/l 2,1 2,3 4,6 6,2 4,1 10 mg/l MPN/ 100ml MPN/ 100ml 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,007 0,009 0,05 78 91 93 77 99 100 5,5x103 6,7x103 5,9x103 7,1x103 7,6x103 7500 Source: Chemistry Laboratory - Operations Management and Environmental Analysis Institute of Chemical Engineering - Student and professional documents. NTR 08:2008 / MONRE, Level B1: National technical regulation on surface water quality. B1: for the purpose of irrigation or irrigation purposes other uses require the same quality of water or waterway purposes and other purposes with low water quality requirements. The result is true for samples analyzed at the time of sampling. Comment: Environmental status of the surface water project area is relatively good, most of the samples analyzed were achieved NTR 08:2008 / MONRE - National technical regulation on surface water INSTITUE OF ENERGY 73 quality. However, as measurements and analysis of surface water samples have not reached the target in bold NTR 08:2008 / MONRE, Level B1: + NM3: BOD5 (200C) exceeds 0.13 times TSS: Exceeding 0.02 times COD: Exceeding 0.03 times + NM5: BOD5 (200C) exceeds 0.6 times COD: Exceeding 0.43 times + NM7: BOD5 (200C) exceeds 0.6 times COD: Exceeding 0.33 times + NM10: TSS: Exceeding 0.02 times Coliform: Exceed 0,013 times. 3. Land Environment Monitoring Indicators: Humidity, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cao, MgO, 2, 4-D, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn. Position Monitoring: Time sampled: 11/05/2012: D1, D2; 11/06/2012: D3 Table 2:18: Soil Sampling Location Coordinates TT Symbol Location N E 1 Đ1 Acres in the mountain region Yeah, hold 25 wards of 0534144 2302323 Friendship, Hoa Binh. 2 Đ2 Acres at Back Beach neighborhood, Mong Hoa, Ky Son 0541166 2313525 district, Hoa Binh. Đ3 Yen acres De Noi, Quang Dong Commune, Quoc Oai 0567311 2321072 district, Hanoi. 3 Soil analysis results are shown in the following table: Table 2.19: Soil analysis results NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Parameter Unit Đ1 11,2 60,4 13,7 7,9 1,4 1,2 0,0026 0,4 Result Đ2 9 63,4 15,5 7,4 1,6 1,5 0,0029 1,1 Đ3 9,5 64,6 14,3 7,6 1,5 1,4 0,0021 1,02 QCVN03:2008/BTNMT (Agriculture Land) 12 Humidity % SiO2 % Al2O3 % Fe2O3 % CaO % MgO % 2,4-D ppm/g land Asen (As) mg/kg dry soil Cadimi mg/kg dry soil 0,01 0,01 0,02 2 (Cd) Copper mg/kg dry soil 2,3 4,1 7,3 50 (Cu) Lead (Pb) mg/kg dry soil 3,4 5,7 49 70 Zinc (Zn) mg/kg dry soil 87 66 87 200 Source: Chemistry Laboratory - Operations Management and Environmental Analysis Institute of Chemical Engineering - Student and professional documents. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 74 Note: NTR 03:2008 / MONRE: National Technical Regulation on permissible limits of heavy metals in soil. The result is true for samples analyzed at the time of sampling Comment: Through the analysis of soil samples in the project service area, shows that the environmental criteria of land are under NTR 03:2008 / MONRE (agricultural land). Metal content: As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg in soil, indicating the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural land. The analytical results of the heavy metal content of the entire study sample are much smaller standard NTR 03:2008 / MONRE. This proves that the soil in the study area is not contaminated heavy metals and relatively safe for the development of production, the cultivation of food crops and crops. Current status of soil environmental project area is relatively good, heavy metal concentrations in soil were achieved QCVN 03: 2008/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations on permissible limits of heavy metals in soil. 2.1.5.2. Electromagnetic field In order to assess the electric field in the project area, key Laboratory of High Pressure - The Energy Institute has conducted monitor at 40 locations along the 220kV Hoa Binh – The West of Ha Noi and got the results as follows: - Temperature while measurement: 280C - Relative Humidity: 75% - Measuring equipment: electromagnetic field meter HI-3604 - Measurement date: 10/17/2012 Table 2:20: Table results of measured electric field strength and the magnetic field strength along the project. Electric Magnetic field field No. Location Note intensity strength (V/m) (mA/m) 1 Tan Thinh ward, Hoa Binh 44,9 200 In front of column G1 2 Tan Thinh ward, Hoa Binh 48,8 203 In front of column G1 No. 2 lane 112 Tieu Khu Muoi Road, Between column G1 – 3 120 140 Hoa Binh G2 No. 24 alley 92 lane 112 Tieu Khu Between column G1 – 4 100 140 Muoi Road, Hoa Binh G2 No. 24 alley 92 lane 112 Tieu Khu Between column G1 – 5 100 44 Muoi Road, Hoa Binh G2 Dong village, Hoa Binh Thanh Between 02 columns 6 80 200 commune, Hoa Binh G4 – G5 Preschool Hoa Binh, Hoa Binh Between 02 columns 7 120 90 commune, Hoa Binh G4 – G5 Bun hamlet, Yen Mong commune, Hoa Between 02 columns 8 1,05 26,1 Binh G13 – G14 Bun hamlet, Yen Mong commune, Hoa Between 02 columns 9 1,11 25,8 Binh G13 – G14 Bun hamlet, Yen Mong commune, Hoa Between 02 columns 10 1,08 26 Binh G13 – G14 INSTITUE OF ENERGY 75 No. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Location Dong Ben village, Mong Hoa hamlet, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh Dan Phuong village, Mong Hoa hamlet, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh Dong Xoai village, Mong Hoa hamlet, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh Dong Xoai village, Mong Hoa hamlet, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh Dong Xoai village, Mong Hoa hamlet, Ky Son district, Hoa Binh Go Bui hamlet, Dan Hoa commune, Ky Son, Hoa Binh Go Bui hamlet, Dan Hoa commune, Ky Son, Hoa Binh Go Bui hamlet, Dan Hoa commune, Ky Son, Hoa Binh Electric field intensity (V/m) Magnetic field strength (mA/m) 1,2 25,1 1,2 25,2 15 10,7 14 10,3 16 10,4 1,83 21,2 1,78 21,7 1,80 21,1 19 Dong Doi hamlet, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh 4,23 95 20 Dong Doi hamlet, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh 4,30 93 4,33 92 4,34 92 50 85 51 84,5 21 22 23 Nay stream, Suối Nây, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh Dong Tram, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh Group 6, Tan Son hamlet, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh 24 Group 6, Tan Son hamlet, Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh 25 Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh 22,5 460 26 Hoa Son commune, Luong Son, Hoa Binh 24 461 1,15 10,8 1,.11 10,5 1,02 10,7 27 28 29 Dong Yen commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Dong Yen commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Dong Yen commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi INSTITUE OF ENERGY Note Between 02 columns G16 – G17 Between 02 columns G17 – G18 Between 02 columns G19 – G20 Between 02 columns G19 – G20 Between 02 columns G19 – G20 Between 02 columns G22 – G23 Between 02 columns G22 – G23 Between 02 columns G22 – G23 Ms. Thanh s’ house courtyard, around columns G30 – G31 Commune internal road, around columns G30 – G31 around columns G31 – G32 around columns G31 – G32 around columns G33 – G34 around columns G34 – G35 Before the gate No. 53, around columns G35G36 On the highway 21, around columns G35G36 around columns G37G38 around columns G37G38 around columns G37G38 76 No. 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Location Ben Voi, Dong Yen commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Ben Voi, Dong Yen commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Can Xa Thuong, Can Huu commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Can Xa Thuong, Can Huu commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Duong Coc hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Duong Coc hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Duong Coc hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Duong Coc hamlet, Dong Quang commune, Quoc Oai district, Ha Noi Electric field intensity (V/m) Magnetic field strength (mA/m) 1,07 10,2 1,09 10,4 1,17 10,7 1,12 10,8 1,09 10,7 1,09 10,8 1,10 10,5 1,11 10,7 1,12 10,2 1,05 10,4 1,05 10,7 Note around columns G37G38 around columns G37G38 around columns G38G39 around columns G38G39 around columns G39G40 around columns G39G40 around columns G39G40 around columns G39G40 around columns G39G40 around columns G39G40 around columns G39G40 Notes: - The values in the table are results calculated average values of 03 samples/01 point. The measurement locations are shown in the table in hand with Peace 220kV line - west of Hanoi. - The result is true for samples at the time of observation. Source: Key Laboratory of High Pressure - Energy Institute. Comment: According to the results, the measured electric field strength measured at 40 points along the project (at the time of measurement points) are guaranteed much lower than the allowed limit is 5kV/m by Decree 106/2005/ND-CP. During operation, power is transmitted on 220kV line will cause electromagnetic fields affect the health of workers and residents operate in a corridor if no mitigation measures this impact. 2.1.6 . The status of ecosystems and biological resources 2.1.6.1 . The status of the ecosystem Based on the results of field studies and analysis of 2006 Ikonos satellite images, along the lines are divided into three ecosystems (HST): Ecosystem residential areas, watershed ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems Industry: 1 . Residential Ecosystem Biome in cord obviously artificial biomes, including major crops, livestock provide essential needs for the local population. Plant: perennial fruit crops, ornamental, shade, building INSTITUE OF ENERGY 77 materials ... Trees as spices, medicinal plants. Animals: Mice categories, house mice, rats, mice, cattle, pigs, goats, horses , poultry, cattle, wild boar, jungle rat ... Birds: red- whiskered bulbul, yellow star, shots robin ... Reptiles: gecko, lizard long tail .... 2 . Watershed ecosystem Water valley: ponds, lakes, marshes, rice fields. Plants: Plants tolerate waterlogged whispering, they plant Castor, pregnant again, Say ... phytoplankton species in the fields of diatom, green algae, eyes shine, dirt, grass, crops for ... Zooplankton: Group crustacean copepods, crustacean antennae industry, rotifers and other groups such as Swimming inclined... Benthos: Group of bivalve molluscs, gastropod molluscs, crustacean shellfish, aquatic insects, fish ... Birds: White Stork, White -breasted hoe, fish pool. The water flowing waterways: rivers, streams, canals and ditches, many coastal caves. Appearance: Water Snakes, Frogs Amphibian as copper, appendage, pots, cups lumpy... Food chain cord is not long, usually 4-5 chains. Most organisms live streams focus on coastal and bottom floor because there are more places to hide, many organic sludge residue, avoid strong currents. Biome here changes seasonally wet season and dry season. 3 . Agricultural ecosystem Agricultural ecosystem is classified as artificial, both terrestrial component part both in the water, is responsible for the production of agricultural products and livestock farming ( in the fishery). Plants include: agricultural crops such as rice, corn, potatoes, cassava, beans of all kinds, vegetables, shrubs, trees workshops; shrub has yellow florals, including cherry, gold bracelet, black alum, buy flakes, Virgin ... Harmful insects, pests such as grasshoppers, BPH, bugs, the account of, beetle leaves, equipage, leaf, stem, fly... Beneficial insects: belostomatids, Honeybees, Bees pleasure, forest Honeybees, like food Locusts, grasshoppers, crickets, pupae, bee... Birds eat seeds, insects and small animals: Sao gold mine, the Se... Reptiles: Lizards, Snakes water, drain snake. Luong residents: frogs, appendage ... Animals: poor, virtually no large and medium-sized species, mainly rodents as a hamster. The average chain food has 3-4 chains. Corn, rice is the main object of providing the ecosystem and is the basis for many food consumption level 1 creatures, mostly insects, rats and poultry. Level 2 organisms consumed mainly birds. 2.1.6.2. Diverse biological components group According to the survey report ecological project area was conducted by the University of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (03/2013), the composition of the group of organisms in a corridor is defined as follows : 1. The composition of phytoplankton Identified 55 species of planktonic algae of 4 sectors: algae, diatoms, green algae and algae eye. Up to 20 species of green algae. 10 diatom species. Water valley is mainly in the area. Watershed lakes, natural ponds, creeks, rice fields mainly phytoplankton algae, fish pond waterbodies phytoplankton algae eye is primarily (more than 49). Table 2:21: phytoplankton composition project area Green Algae Silic alage Eye alage Water type Total (tb/I) Algae (tb/I) (tb/I) (tb/I) (tb/I) Natural pond 25.867,1 19.953,5 2.931.7 2.9317 Fish pond 47.639,9 21.987,7 2198,8 23.453,5 Trench 26.385,2 21.108,2 5.277,0 Field 27.264,7 19.055,9 6.156,6 586,3 1.465,8 2. Aquatic vascular plants INSTITUE OF ENERGY 78 In the last survey period, higher aquatic plants are not abundant. Common water hyacinth, spinach, honeycomb, mouse ears, the duckweed. Group net less developed. 3. The composition of vascular plants live on land According to the survey results, statistics and collected 236 plant species belonging to 202 genera and 70 them. Ferns Sector 3 species of 3 genera and 3 families; industry Magnolia 233 species belonging to 199 genera and 67 families. Private sector angiosperms focused mainly in layer two cotyledons (Magnolia). 4. Composition terrestrial animal groups Amphibians - Reptiles Summarizing the findings of previous authors, through actual field observations, interviews people, the local authorities, we have identified projects exist along the 17 species belonging to 9 families, 2 sets of two classes of reptiles and amphibians. Habitat Village: Highest (24 species) as most lizards and frogs .... Habitat field: 19 species of snakes as cradling, worm snakes, frogs, lizards short legged, long-tailed skinks ... Animal Crab trees, large land Mice, Rats little land, little hamster and rat species ... 5. The composition of zooplankton Identified 40 species of zooplankton: rotifers, Chan oars, Facial industry and larvae, insects, larvae, fry ... Overall zooplankton density ranged from over 1,000 to over 600,000 piece/m3. Density structure between the different groups of zooplankton in each type of water body. 6. Benthic Through surveys in the watershed, initially identified 28 species of benthic crustacean groups, boys snail larvae, insects, little silk worms. The same species of crayfish found in rivers, lakes, crab found in rice, crab found in the springs and streams. 7.Fish According to statistical data and survey people, has identified 20 species of fish, such as carp, float, sesame, tilapia ..... Including natural (river waters) and fish (hydro lake, pond). 8.Insects System insect species belonging to 64 195 and 10 of them, Insect pests of food plants: 32 species belonging to 13 families, 6 sets. Insect pests of fruit trees, 15 species belonging to 10 families, 5 orders. Insect pests of food plants: 16 species belonging to 8 families, 5 orders. Insect pests of crops: 27 species. 2.1.6.3. The situation of the botanical group along the line Based on the results of field surveys, the tranmission line runs mainly on Acacia hill, planted tree hills, complex-tree hills, rice fields .... Below is a detailed statistics of the botanical types within the safety corridors of the electricity grid project: Table 2.22. Types of trees along the projects No Section Length 1 NC -G1 229.7 2 G1 - G2 576.4 3 G2-G3 454.6 INSTITUE OF ENERGY Rice (m2) Crop (m2) Fruit trees (m2) 1,760 longan 3,300 Planted forests (m2) Natural forest (m2) 1,100 acacia 4,400 acacia 8,800 acacia 79 4 G3 - G4 776.6 5 G4 - G5 572.7 6 G5 - G6 756 11,000 bamboo, 2,200 acacia 5,500 bamboo, 5,500 acacia 11,000 acacia 7 G6 - G7 353.2 6,600 acacia 8 G7 - G8 709.3 11,000 acacia 9 G8 - G9 567.6 11,000 acacia 10 G9 - G10 468.4 9,900 acacia 11 G10 - G11 1906.3 40,700 acacia 12 G11 - G12 983.3 13 G12 - G13 770.9 4,400 14 G13 - G14 1357.7 8,800 21,340 acacia 5,500 acacia, 5,500 bamboo 4,400 bamboo, 6,600 acacia 15 G14 - G15 516.9 5,511 16 G15-G16 1995.7 33,000 acacia 17 G16-G17 1248.5 24,200 acacia 18 G17-G18 778.2 2,200 13,200 acacia 19 G18-G19 1535.3 2,200 30,800 acacia 20 G19-G20 1107.6 14,300 8,800 acacia 21 G20-G21 1594.2 33,000 acacia 22 G21-G22 1521.5 30,800 acacia 23 G22-G23 1003 24 G23-G24 2025.2 4,400 19,800 acacia 35,200 acacia, 4,400 bamboo 25 G24-G25 402.1 2,200 26 G25-G26 522.4 27 G26-G27 1895.7 28 G27-G28 2049.3 29 G28-G29 3411.1 INSTITUE OF ENERGY 2,046 acacia 1,100 banana 3,806 bamboo 2,200 5,500 acacia 11,000 acacia 22,000 lemon grass 22,000 lemon grass 33,000 lemon grass 6,600 chuối 11,000 acacia 22,000 acacia 8,800 banana 22,000 acacia, 4,400 bamboo 80 30 G29-G30 516.5 4,400 6,600 acacia 31 G30-G31 2004.5 6,600 22,000 11,000 acacia 32 G31-G32 2199.7 8,800 11,000 33 G32-G33 1012.6 34 G33-G34 824.5 35 G34-G35 704.9 36 G35-G36 2656.5 44,000 37 G36-G37 625.3 8,800 38 G37 - G38 2644.7 10,780 17,578 39 G38 -G39 1226.9 21,560 4,818 40 G39 - G40 3760.2 46,200 41 G40 - NC 345.6 7,040 15,400 longan 11,000 acacia 15,400 acacia 8,800 longan 8,800 longan 6,600 acacia 4,400 acacia 4,400 acacia 1,320 bananas Source: Survey report along the line 2.1.7. The environmental incidents Environmental incidents are accidents or risks occurring during human activities or abnormal changes of nature and causes severe environmental degradation. Environmental incidents can occur due to a number of reasons: Storms, floods, droughts, cracked earth, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, acid rain, sleet, climate changes and other natural disasters; Fire, forest fire, technical problems causing harmful to the environment of the manufacturing facilities, business, or economic, scientific research, technical, cultural, social, security and defense; However, Vietnam is located on a stable geological base in which earthquakes rarely happen. If any, the earthquakes are usually at only 3-4 magnitude, and the foundation columns and columns are calculated and designed to withstand earthquakes up to level 6. The fire control and prevention of the locals which the projects go through are well controlled. The forest is newly planted so landslide phenomena rarely occur. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 81 2.2. SOCIO – EMCONOMY CONDITIONS 2.2.1. Preliminary socio – economy conditions of planed area The plan of 220kV tranmission line from Hoa Binh – the West of Hanoi crosses over two provinces Hoa Binh and Hanoi, so that the socio – economy development of the planed area has the characteristics of Hoa Binh and Hanoi: 1. Socio – economy conditions of Hoa Binh province Hoa Binh is a moutainous province in the northwest of our country, bordering Hanoi capital, the natural area is 4,662.53km2, and the population is: 803,300 people (in 2004). It consists of 10 districts and 1 city (Cao Phong, Da Bac, Kim Boi, Ky Son, Lac Son, Lac Thuy, Luong Son, Mai Chau, Tan Lac, Yen Thuy and Hoa Binh city), and has many residents of ethnic groups live together. Hoa Binh province is one of the four provinces of Vietnam in which the Vietnamese (Kinh people) are not the majority, and it also has considered to be the capital of the Muong people, because most of Muong people live here. According to the national census in 1999, there are about 30 ethnic groups in the province area, the largest ethinic is Muong people making up 63.3%; Vietnamese (Kinh people) is 27.73%; Thai people is 3.9%; Dao people is 1.7%, Tay people is 2.7%; Mong people is 0.52% and other ethnic groups are 1.18%. 2. Socio – economy conditions of Hanoi city Hanoi is the capital city and the head of Vietnam about the natural area and the second largest urban area after Ho Chi Minh city, it also ranks the second of population in account of 6,561,900 people (in 2010). Located in the rich Red river delta, it soon became the center of polity and religion right from the beginning of Vietnam. After the expansion of administrative boundaries in August 2008, Hanoi area is 3,345.0 2 km including 10 districts, 1 town and 18 rural districts. Hanoi is also a center of culture and education with the theaters, museums, traditional villages, national media and major universities. With the current development demands, the plan of 220kV tranmission line is necesssary and contributes to the socio – ecomony development of Hanoi. 2.2.1.1. Socio – economy conditions in local area of Hoa Binh province The plan of 220kV tranmission line from Hoa Binh – the West of Hanoi crossing Hoa Binh province with the length of 39.8km, through Hoa Binh city, Luong Son district and Ky Son district, shown in the following table: Table 2.23: Socio – economy conditions in local area of Hoa Binh Socio development No. Local Economy development Hoa Binh city 1 Agriculture: The total area of fruit and vegetable farming is 23 hectares. The total livestock and poultry: 71 cows, 672 pigs, 2879 Tan Thinh poultry, a 4-hectare fish farming commune area. Forestry: Cared and protected area is 75 hectares. Industry and Handicraft INSTITUE OF ENERGY Education and training: Improving the quality of teaching staffs, quality of teaching and learning in schools. Health: Good implementing the national health programs. Population: 9552 people. Population growth rate: The 82 No. 2 3 Local Economy development Socio development Industry: there are 56 small production facilities and over 1,000 employees with stable income. Trade – Services: there are 120 households in markets, 03 supermarkets and 451 production facilities. rate of natural population growth is 0.32%. Social policy: There are 25 poor households, making up 0.85%. Agriculture: Agriculture development to communes the good production, mainly to serve the local people. Rice farming area is 28 hectares; corn farming area is 10 hectares. Care and protect the Tan Hoa livestock and poultry of the commune commune. Industry and Handicraft Industry: Handicraft manufacture is the main with 118 production facilities and 304 employees. Education and training: There are 4 schools in the area including 02 kindergartens, 01 primary school, and 01 secondary school. All schools have full classrooms, facilities, furniture and teaching equipment. Health: Good implementation of primary health care for people in the area. Population: 6345 people. Education and training: Compulsory education in primary school the right age and secondary school compulsory education, compulsory education. Health: Good implementation of primary health care for people in the area. Population family planning: The birth rate is remained at 0.7%. Population: 9315 people. Agriculture: Agricultural production and livestock and poultry farming. Forestry: Promote to care and protect forests, fire prevention. Industry – Handicraft Industry: The output value reached 45.5% in the first 6 months of the year, reached 45.5% compared to the Huu Nghi plan. commune Trade - Services: 486 facilities and individual households with 3,500 employees. Total sales of service activities in the first 6 months of 2012 has estimated of over 96 billion VND, increasing 28% compared with the same period in 2011, has reached 49.2% compared to the plan. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 83 No. 4 Local Economy development Agriculture: The total area of rice farming is 214.74 hectares, corn farming is 45 hectares; Total output of cereal crops has reached 785 tons, peanut output is 4 hectares and bean output is 2 hectares. Livestock: 436 buffaloes, 137 cows, 3,285 pigs; 7,966 poultry; 92 goats. Forestry: Exploit and replant 41 hectares of acacia. Industry – Handicraft Industry: Yen Mong The output value in 9 months has commune reached 13 billion, reached 77% of the plan, increasing 12.5% compared with the same period in 2011. Trade - Services: Maintain the operation of My market and the facilities of trade – services in the area: 95 facilities having revenue of 12.5 billion VND, comparing with the year plan has reached 65%. Comparing with the same period in 2011 has increased 15%. Socio development Education Training: Complete the program of compulsory education in the area Health: Implement the health care for people. Population: 3698 people. Luong Son district 5 6 Agriculture: Rice: 62.6 hectares; crops: 80.3 hectares; Veterinary Livestock: 318 buffaloes, 104 cows; 8,085 pigs, 284,600 poultry and aquatics... Forestry: Plant 18.2 hectares. Hoa Son Industry - Handicraft Industry: commune Small production facilities are the main Education - Training: The facilities of the 4 schools are spacious and clean. Health: Focus on the health care for people. Population: There are 6,119 people/1467 households in the commune. The total number of poor households is 32 households, nearly poor households is 35. Agriculture: rice: 6.2 hectares, crop: 90 hectares, lemongrass: 170 hectares. Banana: 120 hectares. Tea: Lam Son there are 50 ha, output is 7 commune tons/hectares. Livestock: A number of livestock and poultry: 84 buffaloes, 308 cows, 980 pigs, Education - Training: The facilities of schools meet the basic requirements of teaching and learning. Health: The primary health care for people has implemented with industry INSTITUE OF ENERGY 84 No. 7 Local Economy development 18,600 poultry, 24 deers, 68 goats, 165 hedgehogs, 1630 beehives. Forestry: The plan of transferring 20 hectares new planted has unfulfilled yet Industry - Handicraft Industry: The commune has a total of 132 households of trade – services Agriculture: Rice: 87.3 hectares; crops: 72 hectares; corns: 40 hectares; vegetables: 15 hectares; beans: 5 hectares. Veterinary Livestock: 369 buffaloes, 289 cows, 2,299 pigs, 250 goats; 250 dogs, 11,252 poultry; 1,350 beehives. Forestry: Forest area is 20 hectares Industry - Handicraft Industry: Lương Sơn There are 800 households and Commune individual business. The handicraft value in 9 months is estimated 210 billion VND, reached 108% comparing with the year plan and 95% comparing with the same period. Trade - Services: The value in 9 months: 521 billion VND, reached 130% of the year plan and 130% comparing with the same period. Socio development regulations. Population: The commune has a total of 4,234 people /1,072 households. Education - Training: The facilities of schools meet the basic requirements of teaching and learning. Health: The health care for people is always interested. Poverty reduction program: In the first 9 months of 2012, the commune has more than 100 poor households = 2.66%. 81 nearly poor households are 2.17%. Population: 13,060 people. Ky Son district 8 9 Agriculture: Cultivated area: 122.1 hectares, reaching 84% of the plan. Forestry: planting new forests after harvesting is 15 hectares, Dan Hoa reached 75% of the plan. commune Industry - Handicraft Industry: The facilities producing items such as block brick, wood furniture, wine basket, brooms, soldering iron door - aluminum chassis, clothing productions are the main... Agriculture: The total area of Dan Ha spring – winter crops: 348 ha. commune Livestock: 332 buffalos, 281 cows, INSTITUE OF ENERGY Education - Training: The facilities of schools meet the basic requirements of teaching and learning. Health – Family population and children: Maintaining the duty as prescribed, ensuring health care for people. Population: 2,270 people. Education - Training: The facilities of schools meet the basic requirements of teaching 85 No. 10 11 Local Economy development Socio development 152 goats, 1,450 pigs, 11,200 poultry, 20 tons fish farming. Forestry: Caring old forest is 675 hectares, new planting is 65 hectares, and mining is 46 hectares. Industry - Handicraft Industry: The handicraft industries such as broom, cement brick, toothpick split, forestry processing, furniture production. and learning. Health: The health care for people is always interested. Population: 4,957 people. In the first 6 months has no 3rd child birth case, the rate of natural population growth is 0.7%. Agriculture: The total cultivated area: 345 hectares. Total cereal output is 579 tons. Livestock develops stable. Forestry: Replanting the total area of 40 hectares. Industry – Handicraft Industry: 3 Mong Hoa facilities attracting the large commune numbers of local employees, the regular employees are 260 people with stable income. Education - Training: The facilities of schools meet the basic requirements of teaching and learning. Health: Continue to implement the national program on health care, ensure better health care for people. Population: 5,015 people. The rate of natural population growth: 0.8%. The rate of malnutrition: 14.5%. Poverty reduction: In the recent the commune has 35 poor households. Agriculture: Mainly farming of rice, corn and vegetables, livestock for a stable development. Industry - Handicraft Industry: the traditional handicraft are still being developed, a number of workshops create jobs with stable incomes for workers. Trade - Services: small business households not focused yet Population: 2,439 people Education: Compulsory education in pre-schools, towards to primary and secondary schools. Health: Good implementation of social health care and disease prevention health care for local people. Culture - information – sport activities: Well organize culture and sport activities. Ky Son town (Summerized from local socio – economy reports) INSTITUE OF ENERGY 86 2.2.1.2. Socio-economic conditions of local areas in Hanoi city: The project goes through territories of Hanoi with the length of 10.8 kilometers. The socio-economic conditions of local areas where the project goes through is depicted in the table below: Table 2.24: The socio-economic conditions of local areas in Hanoi city. Economic development Social conditions Ordinal Local areas conditions 12 Dong Yen Commune – Quoc Oai District 13 Can Huu Commune – Quoc Oai District 14 Dong Quang Commune – Quoc Oai District INSTITUE OF ENERGY Agriculture: The working area is 995 ha, which rises by 1.1% in comparison with the same period of the previous year. Industry: Traditional craft villages, such as tailoring, rattan weaving, broom making for exporting, attract more than 200 workers. Total income from industrial production- handicraft and service in 9 recent months has reached 4 billion and 500 million Viet Nam Dong, which decreases 23.6% in the same period of the previous year. Agriculture: Winter crops area is 28.6 ha, spring crops area is 550.5 ha; total produce is 3260.92 tons. Veterinary: Plans of bird flu prevention and livestock and poultry immunization have achieved targets. Industry, handicraft and service: Knitting, broom making, rattan weaving… have been retained and developed stably. Agriculture: Total working area in 2011 is 582.32 ha. Total value of planting in 2011 is 55,287 million VND, which accounts for 45.28% agricultural value. Livestock and fisheries: Total value of livestock and fisheries is approximately 66.8 billion VND, which is equal to 30.39% of total agricultural value. Industry: Construction, carpentry, handicrafts of rattan, mechanics, transportation and Education and training: Schools’ infrastructure basically meets requirements for teaching and studying. Healthcare: In 9 previous months, healthcare centers have conducted check-ups and treatments for 4,682 visits; and open immunization for 100% of children in the area Population: 10,298 inhabitants. Education and training: Schools’ infrastructure continues growing stably to meet requirements Healthcare: Ensuring to provide people with healthcare, sanitation, hygiene, as well as prevention from disease such as influenza A. Population: 9210 inhabitants. Education and training: 01 secondary school, 01 primary school and 03 kindergartens with total number of 162 teachers. The number of nationally qualified teachers at primary schools, secondary schools, and high schools are 100%, 100%, and 98.3% respectively. Healthcare: Dong Quang Commune has 01 healthcare center, which is 6434.6 m2 and 87 Ordinal Local areas Economic development conditions Social conditions commerce services Commerce- Service: Total value is 7016 million VND, which is equivalent to 3.28% in the economic structure. equipped with 03 patient rooms and 10 patient beds. The healthcare center is run by 10 people (01 doctor, 07 nurses, 01 midwife, and 01 pharmacist). Population: 11870 inhabitants. (Collected from the Socio-economic reports of local areas) 2.2.2. Socio-economic conditions of households in row Crossing 2 provinces: Hoa Binh and Hanoi city, the project has been stretched over 50 kilometers; therefore, the economic situations of households in the project area vary significantly, depending on the economic and social situations. During a fieldwork, an interview about 220kV electricity line was conducted with local people. Most of them are Kinh and Muong, usually with 4-5 people in each household, even with 6-7 people each. Only some households run family business or work for other companies, however, the majority of households in the project area do low-paid jobs such as agriculture or forest, with an average outcome of 2- 5 million Vietnam Dong/household/month. Especially in Hoa Binh province area, transportation difficulties put effects on economic development. Also from the report, most of household agree with the project. Most of the affected households live in Hoa Binh province; only 03 families and 03 other constructions in Hanoi city are in effects. The majority of families work in agriculture with lowincomes. Each family usually has 4-5 people, predominantly are Muong and Kinh people. Details of households affected by the project are shown in the following table: Table 2.25: List of households in the row Area Height Household Wall Roof (m2) (m) Tan Thinh Ward – Hoa Binh City – Hoa Binh Province Mr. Quan 40 Brick 6 Brick Tile Tile Mr. Son 40 Mrs. Loi 50 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Thu 54 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Man 50 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Kieu 45 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Thieu 48 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Hoi 50 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Thuan INSTITUE OF ENERGY 6 Huu Nghi Ward- Hoa Binh City- Hoa Binh Province Tile 60 Brick 6 88 Area (m2) 50 Household Mr. Nghanh Wall Roof Brick Tile Height (m) 6 Hoa Binh Ward- Hoa Binh City- Hoa Binh Province Tile 40 Brick 6 Mr. Dung T.M.N 40 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Phong 48 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Dan 36 Brick Tile 5.5 Mrs. Phuong 32 Brick Concrete 5.5 Tan Hoa Ward – Hoa Binh City – Hoa Binh Province Mr. Mo 40 Brick Brick Tile Concrete Mr. Lang 50 Mr. Thanh 6 5.5 48 Brick Concrete 5.5 Mr. Kinh 40 Brick Concrete 5.5 Mr. Thanh 36 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Ninh 48 Brick Tile 6 Yen Mong Ward – Hoa Binh City Mr. Thiem 52 Brick Tile 6 Dan Ha Commune – Ky Son District – Hoa Binh Province Mr. Thanh 12 Wood Leaves 3.5 Mong Hoa Commune- Ky Son District – Hoa Binh Province Mr. Bao 40 Brick Concrete 4.5 Mr. Quan 40 Brick Tile 5.5 Hung Son Commune – Luong Son District – Hoa Binh Province Mr. Hung 40 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Doan 60 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Cuong 50 Brick Tile 6 Hoa Son Commune – Luong Son District – Hoa Binh Province Mr. Khuynh 50 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Sau 45 Tile 6 50 Brick Brick Tile 6 50 Brick Tile 6 48 Brick Concrete 11 Mrs. Hoa Three appurtenances Mr. Don INSTITUE OF ENERGY 89 Wall Roof Mr. Thuong Area (m2) 50 Brick Tile Mr. Sy 50 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Sy 56 Brick Concrete 11 Mr. Tue 50 Brick 6 48 Brick Tile Tile 50 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Luyen 50 Brick Tile 6 Abandoned house 36 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Ban 100 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Moi 48 Brick 7 Mr. Hop 50 Brick Concrete Tile Mrs. Nga 50 Brick Tile 6 Mrs. Y 50 Brick Tile 6 House + Appurtenance Mrs. Y 120 Brick Concrete 12 House + Appurtenance Mrs. Bai 40 Brick Tile 6 Mr. Hung 60 Brick Concrete 7 House + Appurtenance Mr. Hung 150 Wood Leaves 8 Stilt house Mr. Hanh 45 Brick Concrete 5.5 House + Appurtenance Mr. Luan 120 Leaves 8 Stilt house Mr. Quang 50 Wood Brick 6 House + Appurtenance Mr. Hung 50 Brick Tile Tile Mr. Thang 50 Brick Tile 6 House + Appurtenance Mr. Tung 50 Brick Tile 6 Mr. My 45 Brick Concrete 5.5 House + Appurtenance House + Appurtenance Mr. Hao 60 Brick Concrete 11 House + Appurtenance Mr. Hung 50 Brick Tile 6 House + Appurtenance Household Mr. Tue Mr. Thanh (Appurtenance) Height (m) 6 6 6 6 Dong Yen Commune- Quoc Oai District – Ha Noi Brick Abandoned house 32 Tile 6 Mr. Trung 60 Brick Mr. Chien 15 Ms. Thu 15 INSTITUE OF ENERGY 15 Brick Concrete Tile Brick Tile 4.5 3 Fish watching 90 Wall Roof Chicken coop Area (m2) 45 Brick pro Farm extension 45 Brick Tile Household INSTITUE OF ENERGY Height (m) 3.5 4.5 Source: Vertical statistical 91 CHAPTER 3: ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Sources of impacts relating to wastes in preparation phase Preparation phase Survey of alignment selection, cleareance Clear mines and explosives Planning Life, economy, society Construction phase Gather the machinery and materials Pollut ed by emissi on Pollute d by dust, sand Sources of air pollution Noise, vibran cy Health of labor and residents; ecological system; plants and animals Sewage from daily life Sources of water pollution Sewage from constru ction Sources of solid waste pollution Overfl own rainwater Solid waste from daily life 92 Souces of soil pollution Solid waste from construc tion Scene Erosion Figure 3.2:Diagram of sources of impacts relating to wastes INSTITUE OF ENERGY Operation phase CTNH Sources of impacts without relation of wastes in preparation phase Preparation phase Temporary land for construction Operation phase Land withdra wal for project Lost the agricultural land Economy status of households lost the agricultural land Clearance of safety corridor Traffic, infrastructure and technology Electromagnetic intense Cut trees along the safety corridor Conditions of the local economy, society Construction phase Stretch line Construction of foundation and piles Build the piles Weaken the ecology, animals and plants hệ sinh thái, động thực vật Health of workers and residents Figure3.2:Diagram of sources of impacts without relation to wastes INSTITUE OF ENERGY 93 Transport materials and equipment Erosion Gather the workers Public order, scene 3.1. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS IN PREPARATION AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE 3.1.1. Sources of impacts relating to wastes in preparation phase Clear the mines and explosives before construction In this phase, the project owner will coordinate with Ministry of Military Command in the province and other agencies to clear the mines and explosives remaining after war. Gather the machinery, materials at project area Before construction, the owner will transport and gather the machinery and materials at the project area. The transportation of construction materials (bricks, sand, rocks, cement, iron, steel…) will cause the pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO, VOC, THC) from fuel combustion. In addition, the sand, stones,… may scatter during transportation if there is no control of vehicles. These activities will obstruct the traffic and have negative impacts on the scene of project area. 3.1.2. Sources of impacts relating to wastes in construction phase Sources of air pollution Polluted by emission Emissions of the construction phase include: emissions from vehicles, from equipment, from backup generators. Emissions from vehicles: Emissions from vehicles have a great effect on the air of the project area. The vehicles with large payload vehicles and the other equipment will release a significant number of pollutants into the environment, such as SO2, NOx, CO, THC và Pb. According to WHO’s statistics, 1 ton of fuel used for large trucks(3,5 - 16 tons) is containing 64kg of SO2, 55kg of NOx, 28kg of CO, 12kg of VOC. 1 ton of diesel used for machinery (less than 3,5 tons) is containing 64kg of SO2, 300kg of CO, 30kg of VOC, 1,35kg of lead (Table 3.1). This amount of emissions will cause the serious air pollution. Table 3.1: Coefficient of air pollution for trucks SO2 NOx CO VOC Pb Means of transport Unit (u) kg/u kg/u kg/u kg/u kg/u 1000 km 4,29S 11,8 60 2,6 Automotive using diesel Ton(s) 20S 55 28 12 1000 km 4,5S 4,5 70 7 0,31 Automotive using gasoline Ton(s) 20S 20 300 30 35 Source: WHO, 1993. Note: S is the content of sulfuric oil (S = 0,25%). The automotive using diesel has the average speed of 30 km/h, the payload of 3,5-16 tons, the average length of feeder of 6 km, and maximum of 8 hours/day. If these vehicles operate individually, the maximum load of emissions are predicted as follow: Table 3.2: Estimated load of air pollution No. Pollutants Pollution load (kg/day) 1 SO2 0,0154 2 NOx 16,992 3 CO 86,4 4 VOC 3,744 Emissions from the machinery: Burning the fossil fuels will release the harmful emissions: CO, SO2, NO2, THC..., which inluences directly on the workers and the neighborhood. Table 3.3:Amount of fuel consumption for construction machinery and equipment. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 94 No. 1 2 3 4 5 Type of equipment Roller Excavator Crane Concrete mixer Generator Total Power (HP) Number 95 100 75 30 50 350 3 3 2 6 3 17 DO consumption per day (liter/day) 236.55 249 124.5 149.4 124.5 883.85 Notes: 1HP= 0,7456KW Average fuel consumption: 0,83 liter/1HP/day; 1,11 liter/1KW day Emission factors (EFI) of the crane and excavator have the power under 450KW based on the fuel consumption. Table 3.4: Coefficient of pollutant emissions. Unit: kg/liter No. Type of equipment CO NOx PM10 SO2 VOCs -2 -2 -3 -3 1 Excavator 1,47.10 3,43.10 1,77.10 3,74.10 1,58.10-3 -2 -2 -3 -3 2 Crane 1,84.10 4,41.10 3,61.10 3,73.10 4,04.10-3 Source: Guidance data of WHO and the US Environmental protection agency about the assessment of pollutant emissions from engines. Table 3.5: Estimated amount of emission from equipment, machinery for construction. Amount of emission (kg/day) Type of No. equipment CO NOx PM10 SO2 VOCs 1 Excavator 3.66 8.54 0.44 0.93 0.39 2 Crane 2.29 10.21 0.45 0.46 0.50 Total 5.95 18.75 0.89 1.39 0.89 The calculation reveals that the amount of emission is not large; on the other hand, the transport activities take place during the construction period, which has a little impact. Emission from the backup generators: The backup generators for construction use the DO as the fuel. Combustion of fuel will generate dust and gases, such as CO, SO2, NOx.According to the specifications of generator, the amount of DO for running 1 generator of 150 kVA is 70kg/h. The coefficient of pollution from generators using DO will be presented in Table 3.6: Table 3.6: Pollution coefficient of air pollutants from burning DO No. Pollutants Pollution coefficient (kg/ton of oil) 1 Dust 0,28 2 SO2 20S 3 NO2 2,84 4 CO 0,71 Source: WHO, 1993. S is the content of sulfur in DO According to Petrolimex, S = 0,25% Based on the pollution coefficient and oil consumption capacity of generators, you can estimate the number of pollutants. The calculation results are presented in Table 3.7. Table 3.7: Estimated amount of pollution from burning DO No. Pollutants Amount of pollution (g/h) INSTITUE OF ENERGY 95 No. Pollutants Amount of pollution (g/h) 1 Dust 19,60 2 SO2 350,00 3 NO2 198,80 4 CO 49,70 When burning the fuel to run the generator, assuming the residual coefficient is 30% of official rate and the temperature of emission is 120oC, the actual volume of emission generated by burning 1 kg of oil is given by the formula: With: a: % Sulfur content in DO (0,25%) b: % Nitrogen content in DO (0,2%) c: % Hydro content in DO (22,85%) d: % Carbon content in DO (76,7%) T: Temperature of emission (343oK) Vt: Volume of emission at T (with the residual coefficient of 30%) When replacing the figures of DO contents into the formula, we got the result: Vt = 27,18 m3. Flow of emission of a generator is 2.011,32 m3/h. Therefore, the concentration of pollutants from 3 generators will be presented in Table 3.8. Table 3.8: The concentration of air pollutantsdue to burn DO for generators Concentration of QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT, No. Pollutants emission (mg/m3) Column B, Kp = 1; KV = 1 1 Dust 30,9 200 2 SO2 551,88 500 3 NO2 313,44 850 4 CO 78,36 1.000 Notes: QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT, column B, Kp = 1,0; KV = 1,0: Technical national standards on the industrial emissions of dust and other inorganic substances, column B is applied for new base, Kp = 1,0 corresponding to the flow of emission less than 20.000 m3/h, KV= 0,8 corresponding to the center of city and urban of type II. Compared with QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT, column B, the concentration of pollution from generators is lower than the standard except SO2. However, the backup generators are used for emergency. Polluted by dust and sand Sand and dust are the source of air pollution during construction. The mainly affected object is the workers at site and the neighborhood of project area. Dust arises mainly during the period of excavation, filling holes, leveling and transport of construction materials. Total amount of earthworks in the entire line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi is: Volume of excavated soil in a hole: 452,54 m3. Total excavated soil in a hole: 58.377,49 m3. Volume of filled soil in a hole: 441,77 m3. Total filled soil in a hole: 56.988,48 m3. Thus, total residual volume of soil for filling a hole is 1389,01 m3 (equivalent with 3.680,8755 ton). If the average weight of soil is 2,65 tons/m3, total soil for filling and excavation in the entire project is 302.038,944 tons. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 96 If the coefficient of dust pollution is 0,0075 kg/ton(3) of soil, total dust is 2265,29 kg in the entire project. Total foundation along the line is 129, so that the total dust caused for 1 foundation is 17.56 kg. The construction time for a foundation is about 15 days in average and the distance among these foundations is 320 m, then total amount of dust generated in foundation construction is 0.58 kg/day. Thus, the amount of dust generated from digging and excavating can be accepted. Noise and vibrancy During construction period, noise is caused mainly by the construction machinery, vehicles on site and the collision of machinery and metal... The noise spread in the construction area is defined as follows: (4) Li = Lp - Ld - Lc(dBA) With: Li–Noise level at the position which is d (m) far from the calculation point. Lp–Noise level at the source of noise (far from 1,5m). Ld–Noise level reduced by the distance d, at the frequency i. Ld = 20 lg [( r2/r1)1+a] (dBA) r1–Distance to the source of noise, corresponding to Lp (m) r2–Distance of calculation of noise reduction, corresponding to Li (m). a –Coefficient including the impacts of abosorbing noise of ground (a = 0). Lc–Noise reduction through the obstacles. In the project areaLc = 0. With the above formula, you can calculate the noise level of construction machinery with the distance of 15m, 200m và 500m. The calculation results are presented in Table 3.9. Table 3.9: Noise level caused by construction machinery. Unit: dBA Construction Noise level – 15m Noise level – 200m Noise level – 500m No. machinery from source of noise from source of noise from source of noise 1 Grader 93 70 63 2 Drill 87 65 57 3 Compactor 80 58 50 Concrete pile machine 4 75 53 45 1,5T 5 Concrete mixer 75 53 45 The calculation results show that the noise caused from construction machinery has impacts on the residential area with the distance of more than 200m, but it ensures the limit in QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT. Therefore, the impacts of noise is not significant, the period of impacts are little (only when pumping water or mixing concrete). Most foundations are far from the residential area, has an insignificant impact; the workers are mostly affected. o Sources of sewage pollution Sewage from daily life Sewage is generated from eating, bathing, washing of workers at site. The number of construction workers is 300 people, divided into 10 - 15 groups, each of which has 21 -27 people. However, as we mentioned above, the workers will hire the local houses, so the amount of sewage will be treated by the septic tank of households before being discharged into the environment. The amount of water supply is calculated as follow: Q = q.n/1000 (1) (2) Pollution coefficient set by WHO Researching documents of Mr Nguyễn Đình Tuấn and colleagues INSTITUE OF ENERGY 97 With: q: Standard amount of water supply is 150L/person. Day (TCXDVN 33:2006) n: Number of workers using water at site. Q = (21-27 people)/group * 150L/person.day /1000 = (3,15 – 4,05 m3)/day/group. The sewage accounts for 80% of the amount of water supply(5), which is equivalent with 120 (liters/person/day). Thus, the amount of sewage at site is 2,52 – 3,24 m3/day/group. Total amount for 10 -15 groups (300 people) is 36 m3/day. The number and concentration of pollutants without treatment will be presented in Table 3.10and 3.11: Table 3.10: Amount of sewage Water supply Sewage Number of people 150 (l/person/day) 120 (l/person/day) Foundation position 21 - 27 3,15 – 4,05 (m3/day) 2,52 – 3,24 (m3/day) 300 45 (m3/day) 36 (m3/day) Table 3.21: Concentration of pollutants in sewage without treatment Concentration QCVN No. Pollutants Unit 14:2008/BTNMT, Low Medium High level B 1 SS mg/L 100 220 350 100 2 BOD5 mg/L 110 220 400 50 3 Ntotal mg/L 20 40 85 50 4 Ptotal mg/L 4 8 15 10 5 Oil mg/L 2 8 30 20 6 7 7 8 8 9 6 Coliform MPN/100mL 10 -10 10 -10 10 -10 5000 Source: Lâm Minh Triết, Nguyễn Thanh Hùng, Nguyễn Phước Dân, 2004. The amount of sewage of each group is little (2,52 – 3,24 m3/day). Thanks to stay at the local house, the sewage is treated by septic tanks, which makes the concentration of pollutants lower. Therefore, the sewage of workers has little impacts on environment. Incurred in the construction phase The pollution can be derived from the maintenance works, concrete mixer or equipment and machinery washing. The main composition of pollutants in sewage is inorganic materials such as soil, sand, cement, oil. The number of pollutants depends on many factors such as the scope of project, the time of construction, weather conditions, worker awareness, and method of construction technology, quality of building materials. If the amount of waste and leakage of oil is entering into the natural flow, there will be a great impact on the aquatic ecosystem because oil may cut the path of the air exchange - reduces DO in water and oil enters the body of organisms in the aquatic ecosystems. Thus the amount of oil will be a source of pollution of water quality and underground water in the area. However, this impact is not significant due to the fact that the construction process along the line mainly incorporates both machines and manual; thus, the waste and leakage of oil will be not large. For the water pumping from the pit during construction phase: If this work is not done well, it will affect the production and daily life of local people, which analyzes more detail in thepart of erosion. Therefore, the impact of sewage on the environment is considered as a moderate impact. In the process of digging and wire tension, the soil can be eroded into the flow near the construction area, increasing the turbidity of the water. However, the construction period in a Entire line (5) Technique of sewage treatment – MA Lâm Vĩnh Sơn. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 98 foundation position (approximately 15 days) and the time of wire tension between 02 columns (about 04 days) is short, so this impact is negligible. Overflown water after rain This kind of water is one of the sources of water pollution because they are accompanied by contaminants such as oil, wastes, dirt, food scraps into the drainage system of the project area. Rain water is usually considered as clean water; thus, its pollution is often insignificant. The contractor will take measures to manage the amount of waste generated to limit the potential for contamination of rain water. o Sources of solid waste pollution Solid waste from construction To minimize the amount of solid wastes from construction, the investor will deploy the gathering of raw materials and classify the solid wastes. The recyclable materials (iron, steel, container materials, fuel ...) will be collected and transport to the local treatment of solid waste to use the remaining of construction wastes for leveling. Therefore, the impact on the environment is negligible. Solid waste from daily life There are some wastes from daily life activities of workers at site. However, because they rent to sit the local house, the amount of waste will be collected together with household trash. The solid waste factor is 0.4 kg of garbage/person.day(6).The number of workers on the site is 2127 people, so the amount of household waste is discharged from 8.4 to 10.8 kg/day. Composition of waste from this source is usually easily decomposed, accounted for 70% and the rest is paper, plastic, packaging, glass, ... Although there is a little amount of pollution, it has high potential to pollute the air, water and underground water when it flows through the waste storage area because of easy decomposition. Therefore, the investors need to have a plan of collection to dispose the wastes as regulations. Table 3.12: Amount of wastes Wastes Number of people 0,4 (kg/person/day) 21 - 27 8,4 – 10,8 (kg/day) Each construction area 300 120 (kg/day) Entire line Hazardous wastes It includes: oil leakage from the operation and maintenance of construction machinery, the oil containers and oily rags in the repair process. The estimated volume is 10 kg for each position of construction; therefore, there are approximately 1,290 kilograms of hazardous wastes in entire line. This waste may cause environmental pollution due to high toxic substances in each source, so there should be a plan for collection and treatment (eg: URENCO). Sources of soil pollution o Solid wastes from daily life There is a little amount of waste generated by the construction group. They includes mainly food scraps, packaging, cans, the amount of solid wastes is calculated in Table 3.12. As mentioned, the wastes from daily life will be collected together with household wastes. If the household waste is collected at the prescribed place or buried as regulated, there is no impact on the environment. The impact of this waste on the environment is considered negligible. o Removal of solid wastes in construction phase (6) Theo tiêu chuẩn của Bộ Xây dựng và một số đô thị trên thế giới. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 99 During the construction period, the solid wastes of construction generated in 01 position include: cement bags, excess materials, wooden crates, rags ... The volume is not large, so there is little impact on the environment. o Soil excess after construction Soil excess is usually used for the foundation, road compaction. The amount of soil excess after filling the foundation is calculated to be 10,77 m3/position (equivalent with 28,5 tons/foundation position). Thus, this soil excess will be moved to the disposal of each local area. 3.1.3. Sources of impact without relation to wastes in the preparation and construction phase Impacts of land acquisition In the preparation phase, the survey of alignment selection, clearance and housing relocation will have effects on the life, as well as economic and social environment of the local area. In the project area, there are no cultural and historical buildings as well as the graves of local residents. The line passes through 4 districts of 02 provinces (Hoa Binh and Ha Noi). It is mainly across the land of rice and subsidiary crops. Many alignments are breaking the steering angle to avoid the densely populated areas. However, it is inevitable to pass through some households along the line. According to Dispatch No.785/UBND-CN of People’s Committee of Hoa Binh, dated May 19th 2008, the People's Committee approved the basic position and alignment of the 220kV line in Hoa Binh province, established and amended by the IE. According to Dispatch of reply (attached in the Appendix)from 14 communes in the project area, they have agreed with the position and alignment of the 220kV line of Hòa Bình – Western Hà Nội. The projectors have adjusted the alignment to avoid the local planning of land use. The alignment is selected to minimize the impacts on housing, land acquisition, assets and infrastructures. The project will have impacts on 65 households (equivalent with 129 positions of foundation) during the period of design and preparation. The affected range is the permanently occupied land for foundation construction, which may change the land use from agricultural land to industrial land. Beside that, there is the temporarily occupied land during the construction phase. However, the land will be restored after construction. Plants and trees on the corridor will be cut before construction and never be restored. When the construction starts, the plants and trees will be damaged and the agricultural land is affected. In addition, the temporarily occupied land may have impacts on the corridor.These houses will be repaired to meet the technical conditions, such as: the roofs and walls made of non-flammable materials, the metal structure connected to the ground; not obstruct the entry to check and maintenance … There is no household to resettle. The impacts on land, plants, crops and housing are not large. Thus, the main impacts are on the agricultural land, changing the land uses. However, there are no serious impacts on the environment and socio-economic. The clearance of corridor and compensation is complied with the Decree 106/2005/NĐCP of the Government, dated July 10th1999 on the safety corridor of high-voltage grid; and Decree 81/2009/NĐ-CP to give the solutions for the line and residents, and the policies on compensation, land clearance of TEP and WB. The compensation is expected to start in October 2013. Total estimated cost will be updated to ensure the principle of compensation at the replacement cost. The affected households and buildings in the safety corridor are listed in Table 2.25: List of households in the safety corridor. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 100 In the 220kV line of Hoa Binh-Western Ha Noi project, there are 111,5 hhectares of land located in the safety corridor of 220kV high-voltage grid. The survey shows that most of these areas are agricultural land. The line includes 129 positions of piles, equivalent of 129 positions of foundation. Therefore, the entire land for 129 positions of foundation will be permanently occupied, which has great impacts on the households who own the cultivated land because of the loss of means of production. It may decrease their income and the amount of food supply. However, the survey on resettlement compensation reveals that the percentage of the permanently occupied land in total cultivated land is very small (<10%); thus, the affected households will have adequate compensation and no significant impact on the income and daily life. There is an impact of the temporary land occupancy on the cultivation of resident; however, this area is quite small and temporarily occupied during construction period (about 3-6 months), which is slightly influenced on a crop season. This occupied area will be returned after the completion of foundation construction. Impacts on the ecology and forestland This project causes the vegetation deterioration in the safety corridor to ensure the safety of tranmission line and open the temporary road for construction. The clearance in the corridor will directly affect the rice, orchard and the acacia/eucalyptus hills. The transport of equipment and supplies causes damages to the plants in case of crops. There are many trees to cut down because the line passes through the orchards, gardens and the acacia, eucalyptus hill. The affected forest is mostly poor and planted forest (acacia, eucalyptus and fruit trees, bamboo …); thus, there is no rare animal to be preserved. The line is not going to cut across the nature reservation, which has no direct impact on the plant system. However, a new line appears in the air may has a certain impact on the initial orientation of the animals belonging to the class of birds, now this impact has not been well studied. The corridor has no impact on the forest, nature reserve or specialized forest where there are rare species. It only affects a certain forestland managed by the residential people. There are details as follow: Area of permanently affected forestland No. I 1 2 3 Local Hòa Bình Province Hòa BìnhCity Tân Thịnh District Hữu Nghị District Hòa Bình Commune Tân Hòa District Yên Mông Commune Kỳ Sơn Prefecture Kỳ Sơn Town Dân Hạ Commune Mông Hóa Commune Dân Hòa Lương Sơn Prefecture Lâm Sơn Commune Lương Sơn Town INSTITUE OF ENERGY Area (m2) 16885,1 5046 488 1245,2 353,6 1503,6 1455,6 4615,8 0 1718 1101 1796,8 7223,3 2481 695,8 101 No. II 1 Local Area (m2) Hòa Sơn Commune Hà Nội Quốc Oai District Đồng Yên Commune Cấn Hữu Commune Thạch Hãn Commune Đồng Quang Commune 4046,5 1374,4 1374,4 638,4 540 196 299,3 Total 18259,5 Area of temporarily affected forestland No. I 1 2 3 II 1 Local Hòa Bình Province Hòa BìnhCity Tân Thịnh District Hữu Nghị District Hòa Bình Commune Tân Hòa District Yên Mông Commune Kỳ Sơn Prefecture Kỳ Sơn Town Dân Hạ Commune Mông Hóa Commune Dân Hòa Lương Sơn Prefecture Lâm Sơn Commune Lương Sơn Town Hòa Sơn Commune Hà Nội Quốc Oai District Đồng Yên Commune Cấn Hữu Commune Thạch Hãn Commune Đồng Quang Commune Total Area (m2) 751464,5 197243,4 16329 38240,6 15578,4 55559,4 71536 207741,4 2257 41829 54490,8 109164,6 346479,7 140397,4 54460,2 151622,1 2244 2244 2244 0 0 0 753708,5 Board of Management of Northern electricity project is responsible for the compensation for the affected households by cutting trees. The compensation expenses are made by the unit price approved by People’s Committee of Hoa Binh and Ha Noi. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 102 Impacts on water navigation and road traffic The transport of equipment and excavation may have impacts on the local traffic in a short time. The transportation of construction materials is generally favourable because of the road traffic development. The transport conditions are favourable. The provinvial road system is relatively good. Therefore, the material transportation will not overburden the road traffic in the local areas. The transmission lines mainly pass through the communal roads. They cut the roads 54 times as follow: + 10 times of cutting the asphalt roads: at ĐĐ-G1 (in Hữu Nghị District), at G7-G8 (at the asphalt road to Tu Lý), at G13-G14 (at the asphalt road toYên Mông Commune), at G14-G15 (across the asphalt road to the hill), at G18-G19 (1 time), at G19-G20 (1 time), at G29-G30 (across the asphalt road to the military barrack), at G35-G36 (across the asphalt road in the campus of Forestry University and cut Ho Chi Minh one time), at the connection of the 220kV line of Hòa Bình – Việt Trì (1 time). + 17 times of cutting the concrete roads: at G1-G2 (2 times), at G2-G3 (in the communal road), at G5-G6 (1 time), at G7-G8 (across the concrete road to the mixture hill), at G10-G11 (1 time), at G22-G23 (across the concrete road to the eco-tourism of Thăng Thiên), at G30-G31(5 times of cutting the communal concrete road), at G31-G32 (1 time of cutting the concrete road), at G34-G35 (1 time), at G35-G36 (2 times of cutting the concrete road in the campus of Forestry University), at G36-G37 (1 time). + 8 times of cutting the dirt road: at G5-G6 (1 time), at G26-G27 (2 times), at G30-G31 (1 time), at G31-G32 (2 times), at G32-G33 (1 time), at G34-G35 (1 time). +5 times of cutting the rocky road: at G30-G31 (2 times), at G31-G32 (1 time), at G33G34 (1 time), at G35-G36 (1 time). + 14 times of cutting other roads. At G35-G36, which cuts the Highway 21 (Ho Chi Minh Road),the traffic density is moderate; thus, this is the most significantly affected traffic along the line. The scaffolding will be built to minimize the impacts on the traffic. Impacts on the water navigation: The project have 1 time of cutting across the Da river at G13 – G14, with the length of 1,4km from(on the hill of Yên Mông Commune) to G14 (in the field of Kỳ Sơn). This is the area with the most significant impacts on the water navigation in the entire project. In addition, the line also cuts Con River at G37-G38, cuts some streams: at G5-G6 (cut across the streams in Hữu Nghị District), at G8-G9 (cut across the stream in Tân Hòa District), at G12 – G13 (cut across Thia stream in Yên Mông Commune), at G13-G14 (cut across the canal in Dân Hạ commune), and at other canals. It takes 3 days to stretch the transmission line through Da River. The investor will inform to the local authorities, the agencies of water transport management on the river and the local people before a few days. The prepartion will be performed in the previous week. The transportation of construction materials may increase the number of vehicles and subside the ground in the project area. This process may cause the negative impacts or accidents without arrangement and management. The road will be degraded due to these transports. The investors and contractors must follow the transportation plan to avoid the damages to the road system; have some method of reducing impacts presented in Chapter 4. Impacts on the natural protection area, bio-diversity and historical buildings The transmission line is designed to be far from the residential area, the natural protection area and historical and cultural buildings, which are not affected by the project.According to the information of the natural proctection areas and the recommendation of WB in Vietnam, Hoa Binh and Ha Noi include 06 protected areas: Ba Vì National Park, Island lake of Da River, Ngoc Son Reservation, Hang Kia - Pà Kò Reservation, Phú Cảnh Reservation, and Thượng Tiến INSTITUE OF ENERGY 103 Reservation. The shortest distance between the project and these areas is more than 20km; therefore, there is no impact on these reservations. Figure 3.1. List of protection areas and recommendations of Hoa Binh province INSTITUE OF ENERGY 104 Figure 3.2. Project location, the reservations and recommendations Notes: No. Symbol Name of reservations The shortest distance 1 A Hang Kia - Pà Kò Nature Reserve 60km 2 B Ba Vì National Park 20km 3 D Island Lake - Đà River Reservation 20km 4 N Ngọc Sơn Reservation 60km 5 P Phú Cảnh Reservation 40km 6 T Thượng Tiến Reservation 35km Impacts on the rivers, streams and ditches near the construction area That the construction of concrete foundation is located near the rivers, streams and ditches, may cause the erosion and have negative impacts on the natural drainage in the area. However, the position of foundation is usually far away from rivers and streams. If the foundation position must be located near rivers and streams, there is embankment of streams and rivers by wooden stakes to prevent from the erosion and water congestion. Erosion Most of these piles are concentrated in mountainous areas; thus, the construction process can increase the erosion due to cutting trees and opening the temporary roads. However, the current vegetation cover in the project area is relatively good. Moreover, excavation, backfill and ground leveling are prioritized to implement in the dry season. Therefore, the impacts of erosion are considered small with short duration and small area affected by the project. Risks of fire, shocks There is no toxic during the project period. There is no risk of fire or shocks thanks to clear the mines before constrution. Economic – social problems A large number of workers at site and the clearance for construction activities will affect the people in project area: disturbing the normal life, the local security order, affecting the landscape and causing the local pollution in the project area. Therefore, the investor should not INSTITUE OF ENERGY 105 only ensure the construction progress, but also cooperate with local government to worker management and widespread dissemination of project activities for people. Impacts on the ethnic minority According to the corridor survey, there are some affected households of ethnic minorities such as the Muong, Thai during construction period. These influences may arise from the construction workers who may disturb the life, security and order, and the customs of the local people. The detailed assessment of the impacts and method of reducing impacts are presented in the plan of ethnic minority development of TEP and World Bank. Impacts on the environment in a corridor The housing in the corridor will be handled in accordance with Decree No.81/2009/NĐCP dated October 12th2009 on amending and supplementing some articles in Decree No.106/2005/NĐ-CP of Government, dated August 17th2005 on the regulations and guidelines for some articles of Electricity Law on safety in the high-voltage grid. According to the surveying report, the number of households in the corridor is 65 households with the structures of these houses: the metal/tile roof, wall, the tile floor or board. In the corridor, the houses can be accepted with the following conditions: The roof and wall are made of non-combustible materials; The metal structure of the housing are connected to the ground under the provisions of the grounding techniques; They do not obstruct the entry for checking, maintenance and replacement of the parts for the high-voltage grid; The intense of electric field is less than or equal to 5kV/m at any point out of house; less than or equal to 1kV/m at any point inside the house. The houses and buidings in the corridor, which are not satisfied the above conditions, must be modified to meet the requirements or relocated out of the corridor. The solution is to repair these houses to meet the requirements (replace into the tale wall). Infrastructure There is an interruption in road traffic at each position which the line is passing through for at least 30 minutes. During installation line, the middle and low voltage lines which are expected to intersect the transmission line will be cut the power for about 3-5 days. Table 3.13 shows the statistics of the intersection among the power lines and communication lines: Table 3.13. List of the affected power line and communication line No . Piket of Intersectio cutting n angle point (degree) 1 1+03.9 75 2 5+28.9 80 3 6+15.5 80 4 27+54.9 130 5 28+70.0 60 INSTITUE OF ENERGY Agency of line management Electricity of Bình Electricity of Bình Electricity of Bình Electricity of Bình Hòa Hòa Hòa Hòa Transmission Numbe Structur Heigh r of e t lines 3 4 4 3 3 Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Steel Notes 8.0m ĐDK 6kV 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 10.8m ĐDK 35kV 27,0 ĐDK 110kV 106 No . Piket of Intersectio cutting n angle point (degree) 6 29+62.7 80 7 29+69.6 80 8 68+57.2 85 9 92+54.4 80 10 92+62.2 80 11 92+81.5 80 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 104+33. 7 106+42. 6 107+78. 2 167+80. 8 168+04. 8 169+53. 2 171+05. 3 332+18. 2 339+59. 8 339+95. 5 341+01. 9 348+85. 4 349+15. 4 350+88. 3 377+83. 3 378+34. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 120 150 90 60 60 75 90 70 150 80 70 70 80 Agency of line management Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Hòa Bình Post office Hòa Bình Post office Electricity of Hòa Bình Hòa Bình Post office Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Hòa Bình Post office Electricity of Hòa Bình Numbe Structur Heigh r of e t lines Notes Concrete 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 13.5m ĐDK 22kV 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 4.5m TT LL 13.6m ĐDK 6kV 16.1m ĐDK 35kV 5.8m TT LL 6.2m TT LL 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 5.5m TT LL 10.1m ĐDK 35kV 5.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 9.3m TBA 35/0,4kV 6.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 6.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 9.6m ĐDK 35kV 5.0m TT LL 6.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 4 3 4 4 cáp 3 3 1 1 4 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 cáp 4 Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 80 Transmission 3 Steel 24.5m ĐDK 110kV 85 Transmission 3 Steel 40m ĐD220kV(chố 107 No . Piket of Intersectio cutting n angle point (degree) Agency of line management Numbe Structur Heigh r of e t lines 9 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 383+03. 6 388+25. 0 394+61. 8 397+40. 3 397+97. 2 407+90. 3 418+04. 4 421+21. 3 422+53. 9 428+62. 3 435+91. 3 436+88. 2 440+33. 8 442+43. 6 454+05. 5 455+76. 7 475+58. 7 496+88. 6 499+91. 9 502+24. 5 Notes ng sét) 90 100 85 90 85 90 100 90 60 90 90 20 130 90 160 130 75 60 150 120 Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Hòa Bình Post office Manual Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình Hòa Bình Post office Electricity of Hòa Bình Hòa Bình Post office Electricity of Hòa Bình Electricity of Hòa Bình 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 1 2 4 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Wood Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete Concrete 6.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 10.0m ĐDK 10kV 15m ĐDK 35kV 12.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 7.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 5.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 7.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 3.5m TT LL 3.0m ĐDK 0.4kV 7.5m ĐDK 0.4kV 4.5m TT LL 9.1m ĐDK 10kV 6.7m ĐDK 10kV 8.1m ĐDK 10kV 7.8m ĐDK 10kV 6.5m TT LL 11.5m ĐDK 35kV 6.5m TT LL 11.5m ĐDK 35kV 6,1 ĐDK 10kV Source: Report of project statistics INSTITUE OF ENERGY 108 During the construction period, the number of vehicles has some impacts on the traffic conditions. Power line is crossing both of the large and small works, Highway 21 and communal roads. This line is also crossed with Da River in 01 time. It is not affecting the water supply system. However, the power line is also expected to cross power lines and communication lines in many times. Therefore, these lines will be cut the power for about 3-5 days (in each local area) during construction period, affecting the life of the local people. Impacts of the construction of temporary roads The 220kV line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi is parallel and close to the main traffic route, such as Highway 6, Highway 21; also cuts through the district roads and other communal roads. However, some sections are far from the main roads and have complex terrain; thus, the investors must open temporary roads. This construction includes clearing the road to transport the equipment and materials, excludes leveling, which does not significantly affect to the ecological environment. Most temporary roads will be demolished and restored after construction... In addition, the project area is far from the natural reservation, which does not allow the illegal forest exploitation when the project ends. In the design phase, the construction of temporary road is thoroughly considered to minimize impacts on the environment. Gathering the construction workers There are about 300 construction workers for the project of 220kV line. Thus, the investors should focus on the health problems of employees, sanitation and social issues. The major impacts are: - The health of workers is affected by precarious accommodation, working conditions, pollution and lack of entertainment. - Conflicts arise between workers and the local people due to different lifestyles, habits, interests and money... - Spread the disease from workers to local people and vice versa. In the project area, there are a number of infectious diseases (diarrhea, dysentery, dengue fever...). The diseases are very popular, especially in the rainy season. Due to poor sanitary and the contact between local people and construction workers, these infectious diseases may transmit from workers to local people and vice versa. However, the degree of disease transmission will not high because the construction team will be propagated and guided on the measures of disease prevention; moreover, all communes have clinics in the project area. - Increase risk of infectious diseases and the social diseases, such as HIV/AIDS due to the demand of entertainment or family situations. - Increase the pressure on the environment, infrastructure and clean water. These effects are often temporary in the construction phase and can be minimized by technical solutions and management. For example, taking advantages of local labor force is one of the mandatory requirements for contractors and project owners. 3.1.4. Impacts of the risks and incidents in the preparation and construction phase Labor accidents The reasons leading to the accidents are: Workers do not comply with the rules on labor safety; Careless for electricity; Drop the materials in construction period; Traffic accidents in the area. The incident probability depends on the consciousness of complying the safety rules of workers in each specific case. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 109 Traffic accidents There are high risks of traffic accidents at the intersection or at the areas where there is high density of traffic participants. Fire incidents There are high risks of fire because the construction activities take place outdoors with the use of a large amount of diesel oil fuel, electricity, circuit ignition. Explosive incidents can cause major damages to the property and lives of workers on the site and the neighborhood. It also seriously pollutes the ecosystems of soil, water, air. 3.2. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS IN THE OPERATION PHASE 3.2.1. Sources of impacts relating to the operation phase The operation of the power line will not generate emissions and have no transport of materials and products. The activities are mainly periodic maintenance and repair in case of incidents. Therefore, air, waste, soil pollution and hazardous wastes are almost negligible. The impact of solid waste: Solid wastes are mainly arising from vegetation clearance. The board of management will inform the local people to collect the twigs and leaves for firewood. The rest will be collected and removed to the local landfill. 3.2.2. Sources of impacts without relation to the wastes in operation phase Impacts on soil functions The permanent land acquisition for construction and the road used in the management, maintenance, will transfer the functions of land uses from agricultural land to industrial land. Impacts on the ecology During the operational, maintenance, repair phase, we cut the branches and tops of trees which have influences on the safety corridor. The trees out of the safety corridor will be cut down if there is a risk to fall down. The cut trees and branches will be collected at regulated places. After construction, the local people are allowed to cultivate in the range of the safety corridor under the Electricity Law, Decree 106/2005/ND-CP and Decree 81/2009/ND-CP to ensure the safety in the operation. Impacts on the health and electricity safety In the safety corridor, the prodution activities such as planting and breeding are taking place as usual. It is not allowed to plant trees and build the constructions with the height of more than 4 m: + In the city, the trees are not higher than the lowest wire. In the special case, there are the technical measures to ensure the safety approved by People’s Committee. The distance from any point of trees to the wires (at the maximum deflection) is not less than 3m. + In case of being out of the city, the distance from the highest point of tree to the height of the lowest wires (at the maximum deflection) is not less than 4m. In addition, people can accidentally or deliberately affect the safety corridor, such as the construction of buildings within the corridor; hanging the antenna, or columns with the height of more than 4m; planting trees with the height of more than 4m in corridors, etc ... Therefore, there are periodic supervision, maintenance in the safety corridor to promptly detect and prevent the violation of safety corridor. Operation agencies and the local authorities have coordinated to propaganda for local people in compliance with safety regulations. If the safety regulations are not complied, it will have impacts on the health of workers and the people. According to the standards: "The allowable level of intensity of the electric field of industrial frequency and the regulations on the workplace supervision “Regulations on the allowable level of the intensity of the electric field of industrial frequency based on the working INSTITUE OF ENERGY 110 hours in the area affected by electric field”. The allowable number of working hours is based on the intense of electric fields as follows: Table 3.34: Allowable number of working hours corresponding to the intense of electric fields Intense of electric field <5 5 8 10 12 15 18 20 25 > 25 (kV/m) Allowable number of Unlimited 8 4,25 3 2,2 1,33 0,8 0,5 1/6 0 working hours (hours) Therefore, the affected area of electric fields is the space where the intense of electric fields is more than 5kV/m. The allowable intense of electric field which have no impacts on the health of people living under the line is less than or equal to 5 kV/m. After calculation, the line is designed according to the current regulations of Vietnam on the corridor and safety distance from wires to the ground; therefore, the intense of electric field is under the allowable level and meets the requirements of WHO (< 5 kV/m). In conclusion, the project has no impact of the electric field on the health of people. Impacts of intense of electromagnetic field on the health According to the Power and life magazine in September 2007, there are impacts of intense of electromagnetic field on the health as follow: Heat: The first impact of electromagnetic energy is the heat, which can lead to the transformation, even the damages to the cells and tissues. The absorption mechanism is very complex. When absorbing the electromagnetic energy, the overheating of the body leads to the change in pulse frequency, pulse and capillary reaction. Neurological disorders: Together with the impacts of heat, the electromagnetic fields have negative impacts on the neurological system. The impacts of electromagnetic fields express in the disorders of the central nervous system. The subjective feelings are to increase fatigue, headaches, bad mood, irritability... Circulatory disorders: The electromagnetic field causes disfunction of the cardiovascular system and metabolic system. The long-term effects of electromagnetic fields cause angina phenomenon in the heart. The ration of electromagnetic energy causes the changes in blood pressure, resulting in fatigue, headaches... Electro-static: Along with the biological effects, the electric field also causes the appearance of the charge between people and the metal items which have different voltage from the human body. The exposure of the body isolated from ground to the earthed metal elements will lead to the phenomenon of electrical transmission from the human body to the ground, which causes the pain, especially at the beginning. Sometimes this exposure can occur discharges. In the case of exposure to the metal long objects isolated from the ground such as piping systems, steel fence with wooden piles... The electricity flowing through the human body can reach dangerous values … Other impacts: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 111 Electromagnetic fields of ultra-high frequency can cause effects on the eyes, leading to cataracts (lens). The biological effects of electromagnetic fields on the body depend in the oscillation frequency, intensity and duration. The project was designed to minimize the influence of a magnetic field; thus, the whole project does not pass through the densely populated areas. There are only 65 households affected within the safety corridor. However, it is in compliance with the current regulations to minimize the effects of electromagnetic fields on human health. Impact on radio communication systems and other lines The affected communication systems include the communication lines which stretch near or cross the line and the broadcasting television center. They can interfere with radio and television, reducing the efficiency of the transmission line. However, it is in compliance with the current regulations to minimize the effects. Impacts on ecology The project owners will have regular monitoring the safety corridor to ensure the safety of operation in the line. These activities may have a little impact on the ecology. The route is extending 56,2 km from the west to the east, which has no impact on the wild life and migratory birds. The statistics show that the project area is far from the nature reserve and wild animals and there is no migratory bird. The nearest nature reserve on the route is Ba Vi National Park, whose distance is 20km from the north of the route. There are 114 different types of migratory birds; however, they are small and have no habits of seasonal migration. In addition, according to the statistics in Vietnam, there is no negative impact on the migratory birds and wild animals. Another risk is the electric shock when the birds and insects are perching on the power line. However, it will not happen because when the birds are on the line, their body is considered as a branch circuit with 2 parallel circuits, which makes the value of current inversely proportional to the resistance. The resistance of birds is very large (in comparison with the resistance of a short wire); on the other hand, the voltage between the legs of birds is negligible. Therefore, the value of currents in the body of birds is insignificant. Electric shock occurs only when the birds are perching on the beams, their wings or beaks are touched the wire to have the big difference between the wire and ground. However, this case rarely happens because the insulated bowl is longer than the size of common birds in this area. In addition, the operation of the power line can cause the effects of electromagnetic fields n wildlife and migratory birds. However, the statistics show that the project area is further away from natural and animal conservation and there is no migratory bird. Besides, according to the statistics in Vietnam, the operation of the 220kV line has not had significant negative impacts to migratory birds and certain species of wildlife. Impacts on the social environment The construction of 220kV Hoa Binh - Hanoi West will have a positive impact on society, for example, supply and continuity of power for the western area of Hanoi, contributing to the socio-economic development of the region and neighborhood to promptly meet the growth of the national grid. In addition, the project has promoted the socio-economic development, reduced the share of agriculture and increased the share of industry and services, attracted the investors into the local areas and increased the educational level of the people. 3.2.3. Impacts of risks and incidents in the operation phase Working accidents Working accidents in the operation and maintenance phase are falling down from the high pillars or having accident when controlling the devices due to not comply with the safety rules. Electric shock INSTITUE OF ENERGY 112 This incident occurred during the operation phase, at the substation location or under the line. The main reason is that workers do not comply with the regulations or the local people are not aware of the safety of high-voltage transmission lines, ... Electric shock: when the operator does not strictly comply with the safety rules of operation and uses of electrical devices, the electric shock may occur. The influences of incident only limit in place, directly caused to the workers. When incidents occurs, relays on the line circuit is automatically broken. In the design phase, safety issues are considered thoroughly. There will be no adverse effect if the workers are complied with safety regulations as well as the electrical safety techniques to avoid electric shock and accidents... Fire and lightning There is the possibility of fire and explosion at the pole, but all are relating to technical issues. The consequence of this explosion can cause negative effects on the quality of the air and land environments. Thus, we need to comply with regulations on electrical safety. Because the line and high piles have many metal devices, it is vulnerable to lightning strikes. However, there are lightning rods with ISO in the design, which prevent from lightning strikes. On the other hand, if the device can be damaged due to heavy rainstorms, such incidents can happen. Therefore, Board of project management must have periodic inspection after heavy rainstorms. Typhoons Hurricanes and tropical depressions are dangerous weather phenomena, which often cause heavy rains and strong winds. They would likely affect the infrastructure, architectural works of the project if the design of building structure is not guaranteed. In addition, storms and depressions also cause significant impacts on the surrounding environment. For example, a hurricane would entrained solid objects, a heavy rain will sweep away impurities and wastes scattered on the ground, which affects the water quality in the region. The project area is located in the humid tropical monsoon climates. The outstanding features include the high temperature, high humidity and little change during the year. The variation of annual rainfall is large and in relation with lightning. There are moderate wind speed. Thunderstorms appears in the rainy season, causing the large wind speeds. Therefore, the design of construction should be solid to suffer the impacts of storms. The lightning protection system is installed in accordance with the technical standards of Ministry of Construction. Impacts of climate changes The project area is located mainly in high mountainous terrain where there is no flood; thus, the climate change in this area can cause heavy rains but flood and do not affect the operation of the power line. In addition, the topographic survey for technical design of the power line show that there is no possibility of flooding in the foundation position. Falling down the pylon The pylons can be dumped by lightning, storm, weak foundation or subsidence in riverbank (at G13 - G14: Span of Da River). Aviation incidents Risk of accident can happen if there is no precaution, causing the huge economic and human losses. Subsidence The subsidence of works can occur due to: - Flaws in the foundation improvement; - Corrosion of foundations; INSTITUE OF ENERGY 113 - Subsidence. The construction survey has been completed before construction. The geological conditions are quite good; the soil has great capacity of bearing. The design and construction are complied with the standards and technical regulations. There is no subsidence in the current line. Therefore, the possibility of subsidence is very low. 3.3. TARGET AND SCOPE AFFECTED BY PROJECT 3.3.1. Impacts on the natural environment Impacts on the air The air quality in the local area has been changed due to the dust and emissions from earthworks activities, the flow of vehicles in the construction phase. The negative impacts on people, animals, properties and infrastructure depend on their air concentrations, duration and characteristics of the microclimate in the area. The impact of the pollutants in the air are evaluated as follows: Dust Dust is the main factor for the difficulties in the operation of the lungs and respiratory diseases. In addition, the dust caused the pollution due to suspended particles and aerosols form absorbed and diffused into the sunlight, which reduces the transparency of the atmosphere, This pollution is the most serious problem of air pollution in urban, reducing crop yields and causing danger to road traffice. CO CO is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels containing carbon. CO is dangerous due to the affinity of CO with hemoglobin, which is 200 times higher than oxygen, obstructing the flow of oxygen from the blood to the tissues. At a concentration of about 5 ppm , CO can cause headaches and dizziness. At concentrations from 10ppm to 250ppm, CO can cause damages to the heart, even fatal . The exposure to CO in the long run makes people pale and emaciated. NO2 NO2 is reddish-brown gas with the bitter and spicy smell. NO2 strongly stimulates the respiratory and neurological effects, destroys lung tissue and causes sore throat. At 100 ppm concentrations, NO2 can cause the fatal to humans and animals after an exposure period. The long-term exposure to NO2 (about 0.06 ppm) can cause serious lung diseases. In addition, NO2 also forms of optical smoke, dyes colorfast fabrics, make the metal rusty, produces the nitrate molecules to increase the accumulation of particles in the air. SO2 SO2 is a colorless and non-flammable gas with pungent taste. Due to the photochemical processes, SO2 is easily catalyzed by oxidation and converted into SO3 in the atmosphere. SO2 and SO3 are referred to SOx, which is the type of toxic gas not only for the health of human, plants and animals, but also having impacts on construction materials, architectural works. Most people living with high concentrations of SOx have the respiratory diseases. SOx is oxidized in air and reacts with water to form H2SO4 or the salt of SO42- , which causes the acid rain phenomenon and adversely affecting the growth of plant. Noise and vibrancy Noise and vibrancy pollution can have direct impacts on the health of workers. Noise and vibrancy directly affect human hearing, which reduces labor efficiency and reflectivity of workers. If noise intensity is high, it can cause injury to a worker's hearing. Vehicles, equipment and machinery used on construction sites have high noise and vibrancy. This is the inevitable source of pollution of any buildings. To reduce noise and vibrancy, the investors will apply the appropriate measures on the site. Impacts on water INSTITUE OF ENERGY 114 Sewage from the employees The sewage naturally contains the organic substances, suspended solids, pathogenic microorganisms. The sewage may cause pollution of surface and ground water in the area if it is not collected and disposed appropriately. However, the workers will rent houses near the construction area to minimize the impacts on the environment. In terms of hygiene and health, the excreta is defined as feces and urine. Many infectious diseases spread through feces and urine, from patients to healthy individuals. Feces is the environment which spreads and disperses the common diseases. Organic substances of faeces and urine can be assessed through the indicators BOD5 or similar indicators (COD or TOC). Urine has about 8.6g/L of BOD5 and feces has 9.6g/100g of BOD5. Thus, if faeces and urine are discharged directly into the soil, they will be significant sources of pollution to soil and water environment in the project area. Four groups of pathogenic bacteria in the excreta are viruses, bacteria , protozoa and helminths. Moreover, the excreta (faeces and urine) is also the environment for organisms to develop diseases, such as flies, mosquitoes, rats, cockroaches and causing the stench. One gram of feces can contain 109 viruses. Although they cannot reproduce outside the host, these viruses can survive in the external environment for several weeks, especially at low temperatures (< 150C). Sewage can contain 105 viruses/L. Thus, if the excreta is discharged from the temporary housing of workers, the viruses will have enough time to transmit the disease when exposed to people and spread the disease. The pathogenic viruses in the feces can be listed as Adenovirus (many types of diseases), poliovirus (polio and other diseases), echovirus (many types of diseases), Coxsackie (many diseases), Hepatitis A virus (disease hepatitis A) and rotavirus (diarrhea). Rainwater The flow of rainwater depends on the climate regime in the local area. The amount of water has high concentration of suspended solids and may be contaminated with impurities such as oil and construction materials. However, the level of contaminants from water is low and cannot be collected and processed during the construction phase. Therefore, we should manage generated wastes, avoid spreading oil and other wastes in the construction area. Impacts on the soil functions The permanent acquisition of land will transform the soil function from agricultural land to industrial land. Impacts on the regional ecology Project of the 220kV line of Hoa Binh – Western Hanoi has no impact on natural areas which should be protected or wild environment. 3.3.2. Impacts on public health The project activities directly affect the health of workers because of the emissions, dust, noise arising from machinery, equipment and transport vehicles. In the operation phase, the project will not cause significant impacts on the environment; thus, it will not adversely affect the environmental quality. In addition, the electromagnetic problem has been overcome by the design measures to minimize the impacts on human health. 3.3.3. The interactions among the projects The construction of the line of Hoa Binh – Ha Noi is deployed consistently with the new construction of 220kV substation in Western Hanoi and the 220kV line of Hoa Binh - West Ha Noi to supply electricity to Hanoi and the surrounding areas. The project will contribute to strengthen the national electricity system and enhance the safety for the load in order to meet the growing demand of electrification and industrial development of the province and the nation. In addition, while conducting a project, there are the environmental management and control of construction progress performed by the contractors, INSTITUE OF ENERGY 115 board of project management and local government . Therefore, the impacts on the environment and people in the project area are substantially reduced. 3.4. COMMENTS ON CONTENTS AND RELIABILITY OF ASSESSMENT To assess the environmental impacts, the report has used many different methods to identify, analyze and forecast the environmental impacts of the project . - Sampling method and analysis: + There is high reliability in the electromagnetic field monitoring, because the measurement units is Laboratory of High Pressure - Institute for Energy, which has over 30 fields of studying, testing and counsulting in the high voltage and electrical engineering. + There is high reliability in the monitoring and analysis of water, air, soil and ecological environmente because the agency of sampling and analysis is the Chemistry Laboratory professional management and environmental analysis at the Institute of Chemical-Biological Engineering and Professional documents - Ministry of Public Security; the laboratory with specialized skills and modern machinery has been certified Vilas. - Fieldwork methodology is used in the report in order to capture information quickly and accurately. However, it is qualitative rather than quantitative. It helps us know information of measurement, monitoring and observation. This method is used in Chapter 1, 2, 3 for the qualitative information. - Methods of listing aims to record the potential effects to have an overview of the entire project: which factors are mainly affecting the environment, whether to impact for a long-term or not, and how to minimize. Since then, the investors make decisions whether to implement the project or not. Method of listing are generally unambiguous. This method can give the good basis for decisions for the analyst who knows the development activities, the natural and social conditions. However, this approach contains many elements of the subjective assessment and depends on the conventional sentiments about the importance and the level for each parameter. - Method of rapid asseement: + This method uses the documents of World Health Organization (WHO) issued in 1993 and applied to calculate the amount of waste. This method has moderate reliability. In this report, the rapid assessment method is used in Chapter 3 to calculate the amount of emission, pollution, and the amount of waste generated in an extent in order to offer the appropriate measures. However, when applied in Vietnam, the coefficient is not consistent with the actual situation . + Rapid assessment method uses the documents of Ministry of Construction, ISO, and other research resources in countries with moderate confidence (higher than these of WHO). In the report, the method is applied to calculate the load of sewages and solid waste from daily activities of workers as well as the project activities in order to have the appropriate treatment and method of reducing impacts. This method is suitable for the actual situation and conditions in Vietnam. - Methods of listing has high reliability because of using the meteorological, hydrological, geological, topographical documents which are implemented at site by the specialized professionals, combined with multiple sources of data by specialized agencies such as Center of Hydro-Meteorological data - National Center for Hydro-Meteorological for synthesis and analysis, evaluation of different methods. However, these figures are only statistical and forecastable ; thus, they cannot assess all impacts of the project. - Difficulties and errors in assessing: + Report has identified most of the probable impacts of the project and assess the impacts and scope of each impact. However, these are only predicted impacts and some other impacts which are inappreciate for the scale and load; + Despite the high reliability of assessment methods and tools applied in this report, there are still some difficulties: some calculations which do not take into account other factors are not performed accurately. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 116 However, the overall results of the assessment and prediction of impacts of the project are comprehensive and reliable. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 117 CHAPTER 4: METHODS TO PREVENT, MINIMIZE NEGATIVE IMPACTS AND HANDLE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 4.1. METHODS TO PREVENT, MINIMIZE NEGATIVE IMPACTS 4.1.1. Minimize the impacts in the preparation phase 4.1.1.1. Minimize the impacts in the period of design and alignment selection a) Develop the safety corridor To minimize the negative impacts on transmission lines and the objects under the line, the project has built the safety corridor of power line as prescribed. The safety corridor is determined according to Decree 106/2005/ND-CP and Decree 81/2009/ND-CP on the guideline of Electricity Law to protect the safety of the high-voltage grid project .... ; The safe distance of discharge at a voltage regulatedin the provisions of Clause 4, Article 51 of the Electricity Law is the minimum distance from the electrical wires to the nearest point of the equipment, tools and working facilities in the corridor. This distance is defined as 6.0 m. Advantages of method of reducing impacts: Because the piles are located on the hill, the line is within the safety corridor. Disadvantage: It is hard to manage the safety corridor because the project passes through manu areas . Feasibility: High, because the project areas can be identified accurately. Plants and houses in and out of the range of safety corridor, which may impact on the safety of the line are regulated as follow: For trees and crops: In the range of safety corridor: According to Article 5 of Decree 106/2005/NĐ-CP, it is at least 0,5m from the edge of poles to plant trees and crops. The other plants can be planted in the safety corridor, but the distance from the highest point of trees and the lowest height of wires in the 220kV line (at the maximum deflection) is not less than the following distance: + In the city, the trees are not higher than the lowest wires. In the special cases, there will be technical measures to ensure the safety and be accepted by People’s Committee. The distance from any point on the trees to the wires (at the maximum deflection) is not less than 3m. + In case of being outside the city, the distance from the highest point on the tree to the height of the lowest wire (at maximum deflection) ia not less than 4m. Out of the range of safety corridor: The distance from any part of fallen trees to any part of line is not less than 1,0m. We must cut the tops of trees which are rapidly developing in short term, and prohibit to plant more. It is at least 0,5m from the edge of poles to plant rice, vegetables and crops. A number of trees with high economic value, such as eucalyptus, acacia, ... have the height higher than the allowed maximum; thus, they are affecting the safety of the line. According to the above provisions, people are not allowed to plant more, which could affect the economy of the local people. However, each column has a different height of hanging wires and wire deflection; thus, the managers will coordinate with local people to determine the suitable crops. For housing and buildings The houses and buildings will be allowed to remain in the corridor if they are satisfied the safety conditions in Paragraph 4 of the Article 1- Decree 81/2009/NĐ-CP dated October 12th2009 on amending and supplementing some articles of Decree No.106/2005/NĐ-CP INSTITUE OF ENERGY 118 datedAugust 17th2005. The roof and mental structure will be connected to the ground as regulated. b) Alignment selection The project has researched, designed different scenarios, then assess the optimal method to minimize the loss of trees, housing, land, forests, the buildings, infrastructure, ... and followed the palnning of socio-economic development in the local areas. The technical solutionsensure the specialized Code (11TCN - 19-2006) and comply with Decree 106/2005/ND-CP and Decree 81/2009/ND-CP to offer the safety solution for both the line and residents. As discussed in Chapter 1, the chosen plan is accepted by the local area (People's Committee of Hoa Binh and Hanoi); there is 01 times across Da River, the major terrain is the hills and paddy fields and the line is parallel to the existing power line. 4.1.1.2. Minimize the impacts of the temporary or permanent occupation of land - Research the construction site of the power line, consult the local authorities to select the location of project; - Disclosure the area of temporarily and permanently occupied land to the affected households; - Have an adequate compensation for the affected households. - Plan the implementation of project after the harvest to avoid the damages to crops for local people; - In case the land is temporarily occupied for foundation construction (in 3-6 months), the investors will have adequate compensation to the households. In addition, the construction will ensure not to affect the soil quality and return the initial state of this land after foundation construction. Advantages: Minimize the potential impacts of permanent land acquisition for the foundation position. Disadvantges:Not minimize the impact of temporary land acquisitionbecause of not determining the location of temporarily occupied land. Feasibility: Medium, because of entirely minimizing the impacts. 4.1.1.3. Minimize the loss of land, trees, crops of the local people - Choose the line to minimize the resettlement (The consultant unit is responsible for this works); - Select the appropriate position for foundation to minimize the impacts on the land and farms of the local people. The positions are arranged reasonably, so that the people can use the remaining land; - Clear by manual methods to minimize impacts on the trees outside the area; - Cut the trees within the safety corridor; - Not design the power poles based on the fish pond; - Have an adequate compensation for occupied land. Advantages: Limit the impact on the works, trees and crops. Disadvantages: Cut down some trees and crops in the process of land acquisition and safety corridor. Feasibility: High. 4.1.1.4. Minimize the loss of historic and cultural heritage During construction or excavation, if there are historic or cultural heritages, the contractors and project owners will immediately report to Department of Culture and Informationin the local area (Department of Culture and Information of Hoa Binh and Hanoi) to find the solutions. There will be a specific plan in each emergency situation in case of finding cultural/historical heritages. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 119 Advantages: Detect and limit the impacts on the historic and cultural heritages. Disadvantages: Impact on the progress of construction. Feasibility: High. 4.1.1.5. Compensation and resettlement for households in the cleareance range Before construction, the authorities of Hoa Binh, Hanoi (through the Department of Trade and Industry) will establish a section to direct the implementation, and coordinate with DPC (Hoa Binh, Luong Son district, Ky Son district, Quoc Oai district) in order to organize the clearance and support the compensation for the affected households. Investors commit to have adequate compensation to support the local people in accordance with law. To minimize the impact on the economy and people's incomes, the project has researched, designed, evaluated to minimize the influences. There should be a disclosure of the specific area of the temporarily and permanently occupied land to the affected households. The investors have a plan to implement projects after the harvest of rice and crops to prevent from damages to farmers. Investors report the plans of compensation, resettlement to the affected households in order to quickly stabilize their life and production. The cleareance of a corridor and compensation, relocation are complied with the Decree 106/2005 / ND - CP of the Government dated August 17th 2005 on the regulations of safe corridors to protect high voltage grid and Decree 81/2009/ND-CP dated October 12th 2009 on amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No. 106/2005/ND-CP dated August 17th 2005. Advantages: Reduce the impacts on the life of the affected households. Disadvantages: If the clearance is delayed, the overall progress of the project will be affected. Feasibility: High. 4.1.2. Minimize the impacts in the construction phase 4.1.2.1. Minimize the impacts of air pollution Dust The execution time should be arranged favourably. Residual soil after construction will be quickly transported to the specified place to avoid traffic jams and reduce the amount of dust released into the atmosphere. In addition, if there is any spillage affecting general hygiene during construction period, construction teams will collect and clean the street; In dry season or when the concentration of dust in the air may be higher than the standard, it is necessary to water every day or periodically at the construction site of earthworks, the area of construction materials and on the route; Cover the dug soil and the area of construction materials to limit the wind dispersal of dust into the air; Separate the construction area with surrounding by the bulkhead (roofing, ... ); Store the materials to prevent from wind erosion and the reserved position will be considered the command direction of wind. Cover the vehicles transporting the sediment and soil to avoid the spillage of materials, causing the pollution along the road. In addition, the plan of excavation and transportation, the selection of appropriate ways and means of transport also contribute significantly to reduce the dust pollution during construction; Wash the machinery and equipment after work to avoid causing the mud when transporting to other areas, causing the dust pollution; In addition, to protect the health of workers, they need the masks to prevent from dust Advantages: Reduce the impacts of dust on the local people and workers at site. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 120 Feasibility: High. Emissions Emissions are released mainly from the transport vehicles for construction. Thus, the machinery and equipment and vehicles should be licensed by the registry office before operation. Use the construction machinery which is in the period of maintenance and checked the safety. Use the diesel 0.05 % S for machinery and transport vehicles. The vehicle does not carry over the load specified by the manufacturer; Limit the use of the old car to reduce the degree of air pollution because the old vehicles often release the emissions exceed permitted standards; Regular inspection and maintenance of motor vehicles; For transportation of alarge amount of material and fuel, there will be a plan and organizational measures to avoid congestion caused air pollution; The transport vehicles stop running whenr loading or unloading materials. Advantages: Reduce the impacts of emissions from the machinery on the people and workers at site. The construction areas are often far from residential areas to minimize the impacts. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility : High. Noise and vibrancy The most effective method to reduce the impacts of noise on the health is arranging the construction period favourably. Most foundation positions are located on the hill and far away from the residential areas, so the impacts of noise and vibrancy will be greatly reduced. However , there are measures to minimize the impact of noise and vibrancy during construction period. The activities making much noise as concrete mixers, compressors, digging ... will be done during the day. Other activities if necessary will not occur at night to avoid the noise around residential areas. There are the following measures: Use the vehicles with the lowest level of noise; Arrange the appropriate works chedules: not use the mechanical devices with the large level of noise at noon or in the evening; avoid the noise of many machines causing the cumulative impacts. Regulate the speed of the car , operate machinery in the construction and residential areas; Regular maintenance and inspection of transport vehicles to ensure the environmental standards as prescribed. Avoid using the old vehicles, machinery making huge noise; Prepare the equipment of noise prevention for the workers, such as ear plugs, and force to wear during construction period; Check the machinery balance in the installation period, check the wearing-out and have regular lubrication for the machinery; The machinery and equipment of variation will be isolated to avoid the noise transmission. If that is not done by the original design or by the operation principles of the machine, the foundation will be designed separately to reduce vibrancy of machines affecting to the surrounding buildings; Ensure means of transportation to run at a reseanable capacity and transport at regulated tonnage. Advantages: Reduce the impact of noise and vibrancy from the machinery on the people and workers on site. The construction area is often far from residential areas to greatly minimize the impacts. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 121 Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility: High. 4.1.2.2. Minimize the water pollution Sewage from daily life As mentioned in Chapter 3, the amount of sewage generated by the life activities is approximately 2.52-3.24 m3/day/group. The workers will rent houses in the local areas, then the amount of sewage will be treated by septic tanks of households before being discharged into the environment. Advantages: Reduce the impacts of sewage from daily life on the environment. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility: Medium. Sewage from construction As discussed in Chapter 3, the amount of sewage from construction is negligible. However, to minimize the impacts on the environment, the investors must require the contractors to: - Utilize the water sources for maintenance. - Save the water from mixing concrete. - Avoid the oil leakage during construction period. The oily rag and oil from machinery will be handled by the functional units (Eg: URENCO) in order to collect and process as current regulations. In addition, the investors will require the contractors to use the highquality machinery and equipment to minimize the environment pollution. Advantages: Minimize the impact of sewage from construction on the environment. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility: Medium. Rainwater To minimize the impacts of overflowing rainwater, the investors must require the contractors to: Arrange the construction in dry season; avoid the construction of rolling each work Not gather the materials near the drainage system to avoid the soil spillage, reducing the drainage capacity and construction progress. Regularly inspect, dredge to prevent construction wastes from entering the drainage system. Collect and handle the amount of solid wastes from daily activities. Handle the dug soil to avoid being swept in the rainy season. Pay attention to the drainage lines in the project area and construct the temporary drains to avoid the water backlog. Clean the construction site; ensure the water quality after construction Design the drainage suitable to protect the foundation and avoid the erosion. There should be a system of water collection and deposition to avoid polluting the soil and water environment in the neighborhood. Advantages: Rainwater is not polluted water, mitigation measures will limit the spreas of pollutants into the environment. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility: Medium. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 122 4.1.2.3. Method of collection and treatment of solid wastes Solid wastes from daily life Solid wastes from daily life are mainly organic compounds (vegetables, leftovers, ...), food packaging with non-toxic components, little amount and easy disintegration. During construction, the amount of waste generated from workers living in local house will be collected along with household wastes. At the construction area far from the residential areas, we should dig pits for solid wastes and bury after construction. In addition, a number of measures to reduce wastes caused by workers as follows: - Before construction, the contractors must prepare procedures of waste control (storage, supply tank, plan of cleaning the site, plans of unloading the crates, etc.) and follow them in the construction activities. - Establish the rules of order, hygiene and environmental protection for workers in order to raise their awareness of environmental protection. - Training for worker regulations and measures of environmental protection in the construction preriod. - Treat the wastes in the regulated places. The contractors must provide the trash and temporary area of waste storage in all construction areas. - The waste can be temporarily stored in designated areas approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and the local authorities before being collected and processed through the waste collection unit (registered license), for example URENCO. - The waste storage container is covered, leak-proof to be against the effects of weather. - Bury and discard the wastes instead of burning. - Collect the recyclable material, such as wood panels, steel, scaffolding materials, packaging, etc ... to separate from other waste sources for reusing. - If it is not removed from the construction area, solid waste is processed in a defined area approved by the Technical Advisory and included in the waste management plan. In all cases, the contractor will handle all materials in sensitive areas of the environment, as in the natural biosphere, or in the areas near water. Advantages: These measures would reduce most impacts of solid wastes on the environment. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility: High. Solid wastes from construction Solid wastes in the construction phase are mainly soil, sand, concrete, the broken electrical equipment and wire. They can be collected and sold to functional units (eg URENCO), or transport the amount of excavated soil, debris to the dump. In fact, there is a few differences in the amount of excavated soil and the filled soil for foundations in the construction area. Furthermore, the amount of residual soil will be ultilized for ground leveling and cause no environmental impacts of soil. Advantages: These measures reduce most impacts of solid wastes from construction on the environment. Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for some methods to be implemented. Feasibility: High. Hazardous solid wastes Hazardous wastes generated on site are mainly viscous oil discharged from the maintenance of machinery, equipment, oily rags, paint cans, boxes, which are managed strictly from the stage of collection properly handled according to the regulations for hazardous waste INSTITUE OF ENERGY 123 management. Waste is removed from the site and treated according to Circular 12/2011/TTBTNMT of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, dated April 14th 2011 on the regulations of hazardous waste management. The investor will sign a contract with functional units (eg URENCO) for collection and disposal of hazardous wastes. Advantages: These measures will minimize the impacts of the most hazardous solid wastes on the environment . Disadvantages: The project areas include many positions (129 positions of foundation), it is difficult for the hazardous waste to be controlled. However , the operators of power line are trained for collection of waste. Feasibility: High. 4.1.2.4. Minimize the soil pollution Type of soil pollution Soil environment is affected by sewage, rainwater and solid wastes indiscriminately discharged on the site and penetrated into the soil. Therefore, the methods of minimizing the impacts of soil pollution are to avoid the overflown rainwater and sewage with the temporary drainage system and to collect, classify and restore separatedly the solid wastes to prevent from leaking into the land. Land uses In addition, the following methods are applied to limit the land uses: Select the alignment to minimize the construction cost and occupied land. Avoid the important places (cultural and social buildings, …), avoid the residential area by steering angle to reduce the construction delay and effects on the land uses of the local people. Foundation is designed to occupy the smallest area Adjust the distance among the power lines to avoid the impact of the foundation. Avoid the subsidence In case of construction near the river, there are methods to avoid the subsidence; - Make the dike, percussion erosion, landslide . - Reinforced with wooden stakes when building foundations near rivers; - The excavation and backfill should be taken in the dry season . - Restore the ground after pylon construction. - In terms of soil erosion, the impact is considered small because the small scale of the operation, short duration of the affected area. In case of damages to degrade the road , the contractor will be responsible for repair and restorage of the road surface. Advantages: These measures will minimize the negative environmental impact of land around the construction site . Disadvantages: The construction area is placed on hills and slopes, which may cause the erosion and pollutants in soil environment. Feasibility: Average. 4.1.2.5. Minimize the impacts on ecology - Use a manual method to clear plants, avoid using herbicides. - Coordinate with local residents to minimize the impact on the trees, crops and buildings in the project areas. - Focus on landfill waste. It is strictly prohibited to burn after cutting down trees . - Restore the flora in the corridor with the suitable ecological and safety regulations grid after the clearing of vegetation. - Choose the time of construction to avoid damage to crops (construction in harvest time). - The construction of temporary roads (if any) in the construction process has been considered in the design phase. The following principles to minimize cutting down trees includes: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 124 Identification and selection of temporary roads to minimize the influences on natural ecosystem. Use the existing roads if possible. Negotiate with the local authorities. Clean the ground and restore the damages. Compensate to the affected households. The temporary roads will be demolished and restored after construction. - Advantages: These measures would reduce adverse impacts on the ecosystem. Most ecosystems have no rare plants and animals. - Disadvantages: The construction slightly affect the regional ecosystem. - Feasibility: High. 4.1.2.6. Method of minimizezing impacts on the socio-economic issues To minimize the impact on the economic life of the local people, there is the compensation to support the affected households as the compensation policy of Vietnam and World Bank policies. Moreover, there are some notes in the construction: + Avoid construction at the harvest season . + Strictly prohibited construction workers to violate crops and property of the local people. + Fast execution to finish each item to minimize land acquisition. Make the right progress, prepare the labor and machinery to support the construction. + Productive land which is temporarily occupied for construction will be cleared for reimbursement to cultivate in limited extent in order to ensure the safe operation of high-voltage grid. + Temporary roads is primarily used for the transportation of raw materials. The contractors will negotiate with the local authority ( CPCs ) to remain or restore these roads. + Propose the local authorities to support the affected households to have stable employment. In addition, the compensation and resettlement are presented in the Report of compensation and resettlement and the Report of ethnic minority development according to the policies of TEP and World Bank. Minimize the impacts on ethnic minority: The methods of minimizing the impacts on ethnic minority will be complied with the policies of TEP and WB. Particularly, it is necessary to organize a training course for the local people, especially the ethnic minority in order to enhance the understanding of project and basic knowledge about the high-voltage grid safety. In addition, the construction workers are educated to have no effect on the daily life and customs, tradition of different peoples (Muong, Thai) in construction area. PMB will have adequate compensation to the households which are directly affected by the project (loss of cultivated land, temporary occupancy of land) according to the current policies of Vietnam and WB. The details of ethnic minority development plan will be presented in the Report of EMDP. Advantages: : These measures will minimize the adverse impacts on economic - social conditions. Disadvantages: If the measures are not done well, the economic - social conditions will be affected negatively. Feasibility: High. 4.1.2.7. Safety methods Methods of work safety INSTITUE OF ENERGY 125 At the construction site, Board of project management must appoint the staff to supervise the safety issues. The training program on safety for workers and officiers are regularly held. The following specific measures will be implemented: - Construction area will be isolated by fencing and signs of the area's construction site and only allow the entry of the relating people. - There is the drainage system guaranteed in the construction area. Do not leave standing water on the surface of the construction site and not to rain water , wastewater into the surrounding buildings. - The pits will be sealed or barrier certainly to ensure travel safety. For fire safety, there should be the fire-fighting tools and materials on the site, such as sand, CO2 bottle, shovel… Table of fire-fighting regulations and rules is attached. Advantages: Reduce the risk of work accidents. Disadvantages: The project passes through many areas (129 foundations), making it difficult to control. Feasibility: High Safety method of construction - Before piling, we should prepare for: + - Prior to pile should proceed with the preparation of the following: + Research of geological and hydrogeology conditions, thickness and mechanical characteristics (investigated in the Invesment plan); + Exploring the possibility of underground obstacles to remove, the presence of underground and neighboring buildings to take measures to minimize adverse effects on them. If you do not have a record of the existing neighboring and underground buildings, the contractors will require the investors to conduct survey work, mapping, documentation to the owners of adjacent buildings. + Consideration of urban environment (noise and vibrancy) according to environmental standards of construction near the residential areas. - Transport, storage and piling will comply with the measures against damages. - Comply with the safety measures in the construction preriod. Safety methods of building the piles, mounting bars, porcelain, wire spreading and setting of other accessories Machinery and equipment will be checked periodically before operation. Before spreading the line through the roads, the Board of prject management will inform the competent authorities to coordinate the temporary suspension of traffic. Before working on high position, the labor safety instruments, seatbelts are checked carefully. When spreading wire through another transmission line, the contractors will have a detailed plan and notify the authorities. Install the electrical equipment and materials to avoid scratches and damages as the principles of equipment and materials. Experiments will be conducted in accordance with the regulations for each type of equipment and materials. The equipment , construction equipment will be thoroughly checked for quality and quantity before using. The investors will appoint a specialist to monitor the environmental safety. Workers are not allowed to work on a high position in the dark, foggy, rainy,... conditions Workers must comply labor disciplines, safety rules and regulations on labor safety (helmet, gloves, ... ). Workers must wear helmets and stand away from dangerous positions . All workers will have health checks to ensure health standards for work at high position. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 126 Safety in the installation phase Use the manual methods of earthworks instead of the explosive solution. When using electric hand tools or pneumatic operation,workers must stand on the shelves to ensure the safety. When the car moves under the power lines in operation , the distance from the highest point to the lowest point of the car is smaller than the standards of electricity. The steel structure of large size will be reinforced by the temporary bracing device. Assure the safe distance with wires. Strictly comply with the rules of safe installation of electrical equipment . The workers installing electrical equipment are trained in safety regulations on transportation and installation of electrical equipment. Use specialized tools to anchor, do not use steel wires. Before you close the power to test grid and electrical equipment, all related works are stopped. Installing overhead structures to comply with safety rules on clothes and belt cover. When fire incidents occur due to electrical problems, we report to cut power at first, then follow the normal procedures of fire-fighting. Set up the warning signs at the dangerous places (pole, ... ) . Set up the warning signs at the dangerous places. All the columns are installed lightning arresters. Health protection for the residents The protection of the health of workers and residents during construction shall comply with the specific provisions of the health measures, food hygiene and construction sector. During the construction process will affect the circulation of vehicles, causing traffic jams, traffic congestion, potential traffic accidents. To ensure the safety of residential area, the following measures should be taken: - Limit infringement of populated area, need to identify suitable camp; - Well organize the construction process to minimize the adverse impacts on the social environment caused by construction; - The project should be planned and construction methods not for material handling vehicles operate during peak hours; - In the implementation process, workers should adhere to the prescribed measures to ensure the safety of workers and the surrounding communities. - To prevent the effects of electromagnetic fields on the health of local people when the project goes into operation, all the households within the safety corridor if not ensure the requirements of project is located in safety corridor will be relocated under the provisions of the Electricity Law. Local security order To minimize the negative impact on the socio-economic environment while focusing a large amount of workers in the construction sector , need to apply the following measures: - Streamline the process of construction, arrangement and distribution of work so that the density of workers at the site is minimal; - Use maximum workforce locally; - Hiring local people perform tasks not requiring expertise to avoid high concentration of construction workers (eg: excavation, stone pit, cutting trees, ... ) . - Rental houses for workers with adequate water supply, drainage and sanitation to maintain sanitation around the project area; - Coordinate with the government and local security in order to ensure security. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 127 - Require workers to build the respect of local traditions and local customs, may not participate in or cause social evils; offenders be severely dealt with in accordance with law. - Inform local authorities prior to construction project. Coordinate and urge the local community to join supervise the implementation of the environmental management plan of the project . - After the project is completed, restore the original surface for landowners. Minimize the impacts on traffice Minimize the impacts of road traffic: Power line crosses the road traffic in 40 times in total, intersects with asphalt road in 10 times, intersects with concrete roads in 17 times, intersects with the land in 8 times, the road intersects with rocky road in 5 times with the traffic density at different levels , the process of transporting construction materials , sprayed pull cord will cause impact to traffic on the roads . Therefore, the following measures will minimize the impacts: Before you pull the cord through the roads, the construction unit placed approximately 100 - 200m from the construction location; inform the competent authorities to coordinate traffic management. Project owners and construction contractors will arrange time and flow during transport of materials for construction, transport to avoid focusing on a fixed route just degrade the roads, affecting both activities of people traveling. Limiting transport during peak hours has high density passersby. Use signs for construction zone. Coordinate with local authorities to rearrange traffic in case of necessity. Minimize construction activities (excavation) in areas with high traffic density. No gathering of materials, zipper up yards in the area with high traffic density. At the zipper area roads will exceed scaffolding to not obstruct traffic on the road . Time constraints the traffic. Arranging transportation worker guides a pause when the car on the way to the loading and unloading of supplies and equipment . During project construction, use of existing roads to transport supplies and equipment damage occurs, the roadbed subsidence. Investors are responsible for repairing and upgrading existing pay refund the initial state to ensure the circulation of people. For roads passing through residential areas are used to transport materials and equipment for construction parts: the vehicle will be equipped with air horn to signal the way to ask people to participate before knowing beyond up front or go through the union of danger. All columns will be positioned number plate to serve workers repair operation management, to avoid confusion and danger signs to inform people through the line as the lethal nature of high voltage. The signs used for steel columns galvanized steel sheet, 2mm thick and arrested prescribed by the bolt shaft, the installation location from 2-2.5m above the ground and facing the road. Minimize the impacts on the waterways: The project cuts through the Da River at G13 - G14, with a length of about 1.4 km from the hill of G13 of Yen Mong Commune started to G14 of Ky Son . The whole project is only the greatest impact to waterway traffic online only at this stage. In addition, the river cuts at G37 G38, 3 times cuts small streams and also cuts through some of the canals. To minimize impacts on the waterway, there are the following specific measures: Use safety measures to control. Working with agency transportation management, inform at least 5 days before spreading line across the river. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 128 Put signs , temporary construction of pillars for construction services or forms used to notify all boats on rivers so that they are known , suspend travel on rivers and streams in the process of spreading tension wire . The plan, organization cost and installation of warning signs in the waterways are issued according to Decision No. 4099/2000/QD-BGTVT of Ministry of transport dated December 28th 2000 ; After construction, all the obstacles are cleaned in the bottom of river. Advantages: Reduce the risks of work accidents and negative impacts of the project. Disadvantanges: The traffic in the area is difficult to control, so the contractors must coordinate with the functional units. Feasibility: Cao. 4.1.3. Minimizing impacts in the operation phase 4.1.3.1. Methods to reduce the impacts of pollutants Operators will have maintenance and repair of the power line at the headquarters of operation agency. The operation of the power line will not generate emissions. The amount of sewage and other wastes are small. However, we are complied with the usual rules of disposal at the designated places. Advantages: The operation does not generate waste and pollutants. Disadvantanges: The project stretches 50.6 km of many areas and it is difficult to control the mountainous terrain. Feasibility: High. 4.1.3.2. Minimize impacts on ecology To minimize the impact on ecology in the operation phase, the contractors must perform the following tasks: + Cut trees and branches causing the effects on the safety corridor according to the provisions in Decree 106/2005/ND-CP. It is not allowed to cut the trees and branches out of the corridor if they are not affecting the safety corridor. It is strictly forbidden to abuse the protection or repair of high-voltage grid to arbitrarily cut trees. The contractors must notify the management unit or owner of trees prior to 05 days before cutting trees. - If it is forced to cut trees (the height under the specified level), the management unit of high-voltage grid will notify immediately the number of trees to cut and compensation for tree owners. If no notice is given for the tree owner, the management unit will inform the Communal People's Committee before cutting trees. + Branches and trees are collected and destroyed at the specified location after cutting. + Coordinate with the local authorities to disseminate the knowledge about safe corridor for power lines to the local people by announcement on the speaker system of society; on the public tables, dissemination of knowledge at the CPC. People are strictly prohibited from planting fast-growing trees causing effects on the safety corridor. - Recommend for the local people to plant the trees with the standard to avoid cutting the tree with high economic value. Advantages: Reduce the impacts of the operation, repairing and maintaining phase on ecology. Disadvantages: Limit in the dissemination of knowledge to the local people, the place where trees are cute down has the complex terrains (hills). Feasibility: Medium. 4.1.3.3. Prevent from the influence of magnetic field During operation phase, the operators shall inspect a minimum height to the subjects including the roads, waterways, ... according to the current regulations (Article 51 of the Electricity Law) to ensure safety to the health of the local people. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 129 Workers must comply with the operating procedures to ensure the safety requirements. Power line passes mainly through paddy fields, crops and orchards, and the others passes the residential area, but at the lowest point - 18m from the ground, the impact of electromagnetic fields is not significant. Take measurements, periodic checking of the safe distance from the discharge point at a cross roads and waterways to have methods to minimize impacts as the regulations specified in Article 3 of Decree 106/2005/ND-CP. Take measurements, periodic checking of intense of electric field near the safety corridor or take measurements in case of complaints about the electric field from local peopler to promptly minimize the impacts. Prohibit all activities carried out in the corridor of the overhead transmission lines protection if the equipment, tools and vehicles can be violated the safety distance of electricity discharge. In special cases, due to the urgent requirement of national defense and security, there will be an agreement with the board of project management on the safety measures. The implementation cost of electromagnetic field prevention is included in the operation costs of the assigned operators. Advantages: Objects in the safety corridor guaranteed the requirements of electromagnetic field will not be affected by electromagnetic fields. Disadvantages: During the operation, the line will always generate an electromagnetic field, so it is very difficult to control this impact in the length of 50,6km. Feasibility: High. 4.1.3.4. Minimize impacts on infrastructure Ensure a minimum distance from high-voltage lines to the buildings of information under the current regulations. Take measurements, periodic checking the minimum height of electric wires at the lowest point when the line is in maximum deflection of 4.5m plus a safe distance of electricity discharge voltage at the intersection of transmission lines to recommend the solutions to ensure the current regulations. If the highest point on the vehicle is more than 4.5m, the vehicle owner will contact the the manager of high-voltage grid to perform the necessary safety methods. Take measurements, check periodically minimum height of electric wires at the lowest point when the line is in a state of maximum sagging is not static height according to the technical level of the inland waterways plus the safety distance electricity discharge voltag. Vehicles passing through river at the intersection point between overhead power transmission lines and inland waterways to ensure that the height does not exceed the static height in technical level of the inland waterways. Since then, there are methods to minimize the impacts as the current regulations. Advantages: These measures will limit the impacts on the regional infrastructure in local areas. Disadvantages: It is difficult to control the impacts when the project spreads 50,6km with many complex terrains. Feasibility: Medium. 4.2. PREVENTIVE METHODS AND RESPONSEs TO RISK , INCIDENTS 4.2.1. Preventive methods and responses in preparation and construction phase 4.2.1.1. Preventive methods and responses in preparation phase In the preparation phase of the project, there is primarily the clearance. The usual activity is meeting to select the alignment in order to minimize the impacts, to the environmental impacts of the project on the environment and social economic, ecological environment and to have adquate compensation for the affected households. Risks in this period mainly include the INSTITUE OF ENERGY 130 conflicts of the local people about the compensation and trees located in the occupied land. According to the survey, the majority of households agree with the project and desire the investors to ensure the safety of the local people. Advantages: These measures will minimize the risks of the incidents in the preparation phase. Feasibility: High. 4.2.1.2. Safety methods in construction phase During construction phase, there are risks such as labor accidents, traffic accidents, fire incidents; thus, there are some prevention methods as follow: a. Work safety Establish rules and regulations of the work safety. The workers are forced to learn abd comly these rules seriously. In addition, all workers are equipped for labor protection. Set the warning signs at construction areas to prevent children and irrelevant people from dangerous places. Train the workers about the safety and issue cards for them under the provisions of the State. Workers in the water environment can swim and be equipped with life jackets to prevent from the unexpected incidents. When there is the power line near the construction, the contractors will have plans to cut power before construction. Training the methods of first aid in the emergency electric shock and propagate how to protect the health to each worker. If the mines are detected in the construction period, the contractors will promptly inform the dangerous places to the competent authorities and local people . b. Fire incidents and electric shock Making backup plans for fire prevention in the construction area. At the office, there are rules of fire prevention. There are the specific measures of fire prevention at the warehouse. The fuel for construction will be stored separatedly in warehouses and required to be labeled to be recognized and prevented fires and explosions . The electric system serving warehouse lighting will be installed in a dry and high place to avoid collisions causing electric shock or fire. Have close relationship with the forces of fire prevention for timely support if necessary. To prevent the discharge problems of construction work near power lines or high voltage secondary, the contractors will establish procedures for power cuts and conduct new construction. If the mines are detected during construction, the contractors will immediately inform the competent authorities and local people to know the dangerous positions. c. Traffic accidents Setting up barriers and signs at the two limits of the scope of work and the warning signs to slow down traffic. Arranging transportation guidelines in order to avoid traffic congestion and ensure the traffic safety. Coordinate with the police to support during the construction at the intersections with a large vehicle circulation. When construction occurs at night, workers must wear the reflective clothing, the reflective signs and signal lights to limit the scope of the work. d . Prevention of incidents – to ensure safe installation of electrical works Note the position of unstable geology at the pit bottom. If the abnormalities (sludge bag, large groundwater...) are detected, the contractors will stop execution units and inform the investors and design consultant for solutions. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 131 With the foundation location near the graves, if the unexpected incident occurs, the investors will report to local government plans for solutions. When digging the foundation, if there is any unusual thing such as underground works, the contractor will stop and inform the investors to coordinate with stakeholders to take measures. The construction of the power line is in compliance with the provisions of the electrical equipment of Ministry of Industry to ensure the safety during the construction, installation and operation. Use the manual measures of earthwork instead of explosion (at the power line). When using electric hand tools or pneumatic operation, workers must stand on shelves to ensure the safety. For heavy equipment, there will be shelves or other safe tools. Comply with the safety norms of installation of electrical equipment. The workers installing electrical equipment are trained in safety regulations on transportation and installation of electrical equipment. Before you close the power to test grid and electrical equipment, we must stop all relating work and the people in distribution chamber are forced out of the danger area . When installing the structures at high position, we must comply with safety rules on clothes and belt cover. When fires occur due to electrical problems, we inform to cut power at first and follow the normal process of fire-fighting. Set up the warning signs of dangerous places (high voltage pylons ... . Disseminate the knowledge of safe corridors for the residential communities. Advantages: Minimize the risks of incidents in construction phase. Disadvantages: Some methods and dissemination of knowledge are not complied due to the consciousmess of workers. Feasibility: High. 4.2.2. Method of prevention and responses in the operation phase 4.2.2.1. Prevention and rescue the fire incidents in operation phase Establish a team for rescue in case of a fire or explosion. A member is a worker of the line operators. Regularly rehearse to rescue in case of fire. Have inspection and maintenance of fire protection equipment. Have regular inspection and maintenance of machinery and equipment, electrical lines in good condition. Raising awareness of officiers and workers about fire issues. Safety corridor will ensure the technical conditions in accordance with Decree 106/2005/ND-CP of the Government ro cause no fire incident. Advantages: Limit the fire incident occurred in the operational phase. Disadvantages: It difficult to control the line stretching 50.6 kilometers. Feasibility: Low. 4.2.2.2. Preventing incidents of flooding, subsidence, cord of power line and falling of piles Have a sufficient geological survey with technical requirements before construction. Piles are designed in accordance with the flood level in survey The foundation piles are calculated the provision in case of rising flood level, wind speed. Design the foundations and piles based on survey results of geological reference data of the project area and surrounding locations. The construction follows the design, regulations and technical procedures of the foundation construction. In operation phase, the contractors will manage and operate in accordance with regulations and periodic inspection of the foundation to timely remedy INSTITUE OF ENERGY 132 Periodically check the quality of work and timely remedy the subsidence incidents. In case of the cord of power line, relays automatically break the circuit and alarm system will work. Then, the operators quickly deal with the incidents at site. Advantages: Minimize the incidents of flooding, subsidence, cord and falling of piles. Disadvantages: The incident cannot be predicted due to unusual factors of disasters. Feasibility: Low. 4.2.2.3. Safety in the management, operation, repair and maintenance The management, operation and repair of power grid includes repairs, maintenance and promptly soluting the line incidents which are performed by management agency. To minimize the negative impacts, avoid any incidents of power grid and accidents among employees, management during operation phase, the operators will complied strictly with the safety regulations. The workers must comply with the specific provisions of the safety measures as follows: - Safety measures in case of exposure to electrical equipment . - Safety measures during the period of management, operation and repair. 4.2.2.4. Safety corridor management Comply with Decree 106/2005/ND-CP of the Government, dated August 17th 2005 on the protection of high-voltage grid and Decree No.81/2009/ND-CP of the Government dated October 12th 2009 on the security of high-voltage grid; Have periodic inspection of safety corridor. Agency of management and operation of the project is the organization which is responsible for inspection and control of land in the safety corridor, timely detection of violations of houses, trees in order to have measures of prevention and timely treatment. The violated trees are cut down in at least 10 days after notice to the agency, the local authorities and individuals owned trees.The cut trees and branches will be removed out of the corridor. It is strictly forbidden to abuse the repair of the grid to cut trees indiscriminately. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 133 CHAPTER 5: PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION 5.1. PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Agencies participating in environmental management National power transmission Corporation - the project owner is resposible for directing the entire project through Board of Management of the Northern power projects. It plays the most important role in supervising the environment. Institue of Energy is the consulting agency to responsible for surveying and establishing the assessment of environmental impacts. Board of Management of the Northern power projects is the representatives of the owner, responsible for coordinating the local areas to plan and implement the project; assess and minimize the impacts and monitor the environment. Board of clearance is responsible for the consulting for Provinces to monitor and coordinate the implementation plan approved by Boad of Clearance in the district; direct and supervise the environment in the province as planned in the Report of assessment of impacts on environment. The projects of environmental remediation As the impacts on environment and method of reducing impacts mentioned in Chapter 3 & 4: This power line has no projects of environmental remediation for solid waste and other wastes. It has no projects of environmental remediation for other elements except wastes, such as: erosion, sliding, landslides, subsidence, erosion of river, streams, sedimentation, bio-diversity changes ang other sources caused the impacts in the project. Program of environmental management Enviromental management aims to control the impacts on environments and minimize the damages. The targets of supervision includes: + Check the accuracy of the prediction and mitigation + Ensure the method of reducing and control the effectiveness + Identify and forecast the impacts to minimize. Environmental management of each project is to comply the legal framework of Vietnam on environmental protection, depending on the type anf degree of each project to have a corresponding content of management and supervision. Requirements to contractors The tender documents require the terms and condition for the method of reducing impacts as follow: - Resettle and compensate the land use as the requirements of compensation and resettlement of project. - The solid wastes and sewages are landfilled and handled to comply with the method of reducing impacts; - Improve the entire land affected by construction activities or others relating to construction; - Plan the construction period to minimize the impacts on the beneficiariers and have the public consultancy to negotiate the affected households; - The contractors is responsible for minimizing and compensating for any damagesor other assets due to the excavation works, based on the specific conditions in the contract; - Restore the temporarily used location after construction; INSTITUE OF ENERGY 134 - Each principal contractor will have contract with PMB to construct each part of the entire project in different stages. The principal contractors are responsible for hiring the subcontractors to manage the environmental problems during the construction and operation phase: - Create a statement of the environment method for each area, working schedule, monitoring plan based on the program of environmental management and supervision presented in this report; - Give the technical regulations and requirements of mandatory responsibility for the environment into the tender documents and contracts with sub-contractors; - Ensure the sub-contractors to comply with the requirements of environmental management of each area; - Prepare for operation and maintenance, combined with the requirements of monitoring and managing the environment in operation phase; - Regularly monitor the activities of environment protection and the neighboorhood; then make a report for AMB; - Promptly notify PMB and relating agencies of government about any environmental problems in the area; - Comply the correction of PMB and relating agencies of government; - Each sub-contractor is responsible for managing environment of their own activities, based on the data of environmental management of the area which they undertake. If the subcontractors undertake the large-scale projects, there will be a environemntal officer to control the activities of environment protection, monitor the environment status and report for the principal contractors, PMB and relating agencies of government. Requirements for AMB: AMB will manage the entire power line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi. It is responsible for environmental management during the construction and operation phase. PMB recommends to hire the environmental consultants to support the officers of project in environmental management. PMB will manage the environmental problems as follow: - Have final resposibility of managing the environment along the line, including the management of wastes, pollution and emergency strategies during construction and operation phase. - Appoint the environment officiers of PMB for daily environmental management. - Have the overall environmental policies for construction and operation phase. - Have technical regulations on environment for the design, construction and operation of each part of project, based on the commitments of this Report. - Give the technical regulations and mandatory requirements of the environment into the tender documents and contract with the principal contractors. They include the statements of environmental methods, working schedules and supervision plan, based on the commitments of environmental management in this Report. - Approve the statement of environmental methods, working schedules and supervision plan to prepare for construction phase, based on the program of environmental management and supervision. - Contact the relevant agencies of the Government, including Ministry and Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Hoa Binh Province and Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Ha Noi, about the environmental problems. - The principal contractors and sub-contractors have a regular check of the environemtal supervision. - Have regular supervision of environmental protection and recommend the adjustment to correct. INSTITUE OF ENERGY 135 The program of environmental management is based on the Chapter 1, 3, 4 and summarized in Table 5.1 as follow: INSTITUE OF ENERGY 136 INSTITUE OF ENERGY 137 Table 5.1: Plan of environmental management Phase Activities Impacts on environment Works and methods to protect environment Fund - Across the area remaining the Check the mines in the corridor relics of war, and have little impacts of toxic chemical chemicals after 40 years control - - Expected cost 17.434.521.000 VND Plan from October 2013 to April 2014 Occupy and Clearance Have compensation and support compensate the compensation according to Law land INSTITUE OF ENERGY 138 Organizers Supervisors Trong giai đoạn tiền thi công, hoàn thành trước IE khi dự án đi vào xây dựng Across the military areas, There are no area to protect in the airport, historic corridor relics... Alignment line selection Preparation Time for implement and completion AMB NPT, AMB NPT People’s Committee of Hoa NPT, AMB Binh and Ha Noi Air pollution - From the - Contract includes the terms in beginning to which the contractors must use Included in the the end of Contractors NPT, AMB the standard equipment; construction cost preparation - Water the construction areas; phase - Have a plan to protect the channel and rivers from the dirty water of construction areas (such Water pollution as the dirty water from manhole…). - Plan for the accommodation of Demolition workers of buildings - Place the waste baskets in the and leveling Impacts of solid construction site. Included in the of the wastes - Have a contract with the construction cost ground agencies to collect these wastes. From the beginning to Contractors NPT, AMB the end of the phase From the beginning to the end of the phase From the Use the equipment and machinery Noise and beginning to with a low degree of noise and vibrancy the end of vibrancy the phase From the - Arrange the firefighting means beginning to Risks - Supervise the construction of the end of piles to ensure proper techniques the phase From the Hire the local Included in the beginning to Prioritize the local labor labor investment cost the end of the phase INSTITUE OF ENERGY 139 Contractors NPT, AMB Contractors NPT, AMB Contractors NPT, AMB Contractors NPT, AMB Accidents Recruitment of workers Conflict between Prioritize the local labor workers and local people Construction and Accidents transportation Construction phase Means of transports Air pollution and machinery Construction Water pollution and daily life INSTITUE OF ENERGY - Have a work schedule and safely transport the material wastes, -Comply with Law on labor - Establish Board of labor safety management - Raise the awareness of labor safety From the beginning to the end of the phase - Contractors NPT, AMB - From the beginning to the end of Contractors NPT, AMB the construction phase - Have a work schedule and safely transport the material wastes, - Comply with Law on labor - Establish Board of labor safety management - Raise the awareness of labor safety - Use the equipment with the standards of emission in construction. - Water the construction areas when there is no rain or low Included in the humidity. construction cost - Cover the construction area to reduce dust; - Cover the trucks transporting the materials. - Have a plan to protect the channel and rivers from the dirty 140 From the beginning to the end of Contractors NPT, AMB the construction phase From the beginning to the end of Contractors NPT, AMB the construction phase From the Contractors NPT, AMB beginning to of workers Construction and machinery uses Operation phase Power transmission INSTITUE OF ENERGY water of construction areas (such as the dirty water from manhole…). - Plan for the accommodation of workers (as the preparation phase). - Prohibit from drop liter, solid wastes into the water sources; - Not gather materials and wastes near the water sources; - Not place toxic chemicals near drainage. - Arrange the diesel tanks and oily rags. - Not drop the materials and Included in the wastes into the water. construction cost - The wastes are transported to the waste disposal site. the end of the construction phase From the beginning to the end of Solid wastes the construction phase From the beginning to Use the equipment and machinery Noise and the end of with a low degree of noise and vibrancy the vibrancy. construction phase From the beginning to - Arrange the firefighting means - 20.000.000 (20 the end of Risks - Supervise the construction of tanks of CO2 the piles to ensure proper techniques 8kg/tank) construction phase Organize the periodical Electromagnetic supervision of electromagnetic - Included in the fields fields along the 220kV line every maintenance cost 6 months. The supervision has 141 Contractors NPT, AMB Contractors NPT, AMB Contractors NPT, AMB AMB NPT Risks Maintenance INSTITUE OF ENERGY occurred in 1 year - Design the foundation and piles to suffer the earthquake of level 6 - Most piles are located on the Fire, lightning, hill, so there is no impacts of flood, electric Included in the flood shock, investment cost - Set up the earthing wire to earthquake protect from lightning. - Replace the new pylons if the pylons fall down Cut trees in the -Cut trees along the corridor corridor, Maintenance should be -Included in the checking and conducted along the corridor maintenance cost maintenance of every 3 months pylons 142 -Completed when the AMB project is implemented NPT - Attached with the AMB operation phase NPT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE 5.2. PROGRAM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUPERVISION Staff of environmental supervision This line has the length of 50,6km and passses through Hoa Binh and Ha Noi; therefore, there are two groups to supervise the environment. * Group of regular supervision: Board of power project management: 02 officers Contractors: 04 workers This group is responsible for monitoring at site according to the above standards, identifying the pollution problems and recommending the solutions. The members also participate in the regular supervision. * Group of periodic supervision: Board of power project management: 02 officers (regular supervision) Contractors: 04 workers According to the problems affecting the environment, it is expected to have the periodic supervision as follow: + The first supervision:After 2-3 months since the projects started, we have the first supervision. This is the construction focused on foundation and piles; thus, there are some issues to focus on: Check the registration of means of transports for construction: The contractors prepare the documents relating to the registration of vehicles and machinery. Hygiene at site: The contractors prepare the camp location, number of workers, method of liter and waste collection. Check the foundation construction: The contractors prepare the foundation construction, the shielding method against spillage of wastes and liter. + The second supervision:After 2-3 months since the first supervision, this is the period to complte the foundation casting and pylons; thus, there are some issues to monitor as follow: Check the environmental problems recommended in the first time. Supervise the reimbursement of construction ground, the collection of solid wastes at the site. Check the location of break-down risks and have embankment to protect. Supervise the transportaion of equipment, machinery to prevent from the damages of roads. If there is any influence on road system in local areas, it should be restored promptly. Check the environmental problems in the previous supervision. Check the implementation of cutting and collecting trees, especially taking advantages of cutting trees illegally in the forestry area. Check the construction (buiding piles, stretch cables) caused the difficulties in local traffic and the intersection of the line and road/river. Check how to avoid obstructing traffic (Signs of construction warning, avoid construction during the rush hours...). + The third supervision:This is the last supervision before operation period: Check the last environmental problems. Check the electromagnetic fields near the resident areas and check the noise and vibrancy during the operation phase. Each supervision lasts about 9-10 days, in case of a serious problem, there are more supervisions to encounter this problem. Program of environmental supervision Table 5.2 describes the program of supervising the wastes and environment along the line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi. Table 5.2: Program of supervising the wastes and environment INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 143 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Environment /Waste PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Supervision position Frequency Parameter Standards Construction phase Air - QCVN05:2009/BTNMT: Technical national - 03 locations in the standards of air quality. 1 time Dust amount, material yard - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: during CO, SO2, - 07 locations along Technical national standards constructio NO2, noise the line, near the of toxic substances in the air; n period and vibrancy resident area QCVN 26:2010Technical national standards of noise; Water quality - 02 locations in Da River - 08 locations in the streams near construction areas Solid wastes, wastes from Supervise in the workers and every construction construction area (129 positions) activities Toxic wastes pH, TSS, DO, 1 time BOD, COD, QCVN 08:2008 – during Total N, Total Technical national constructio P, NH4+, standards of water quality; n period Coliform. Supervise continuousl y during constructio n period Weight Decree No.59/2007/NĐ-CP Collection of the Government, dated Waste April 09th2007 on solid disposal as waste management regulated Operation phase Wastes from cutting trees – Along the corridor maintenance in the corridor Electromagneti c intense Every months 2 positions in each resident area of Every project (14 months communes) Luminescence 6 techniques. Handle wastes from luminescence Electricity Law on safety of high-voltage grid. Decree No.59/2007/NĐCP of the Government, dated April 09th 2007 on solid waste management Decree No.106/2005/NĐCP of the Government, Electromagnet dated August 17th 2005 on 6 ic intense. the guideline of some Magnetic articles in Electricity law intense. on safety of high-voltage grid Environmental supervision cost The provisional cost of environmental supervision program is calculated according to Circular232/2009/TT-BTCof Ministry of Finance dated December 9th 2009 on the collection, remittance, management and uses of preventive medical expenses and medical expenses of border INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 144 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE quarantine. It is calculated in Table 5.3 as follow: The cost of solid wastes is included in construction cost Environmental supervision cost of the construction phase is: 25,710,000VND The cost of electromagnetic fields control of the operation phase 9,620,000VND/year INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 145 is ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Table 5.3: Cost estimation of neighborhood environment Unit Items Unit Number price CONSTRUCTION PHASE Control air quality (10 positions x 1 time = 10 samples) CO Sample 10 95,000 NO2 Sample 10 95,000 SO2 Sample 10 95,000 Total price 25,710,000 7,630,000 950,000 950,000 950,000 4 Dust 1,000,000 5 Noise and vibrancy - Temporary noise Sample 10 26,000 260,000 - Leq L90max Sample Sample 10 10 26,000 26,000 260,000 260,000 6 Measurement and sampling of air Time 20 150,000 3,000,000 A2 1 2 3 4 6 10 11 12 13 14 Control water quality (10 positions x 1 time = 10 samples) Temperature Sample 10 3,000 pH Sample 10 40,000 DO Sample 10 80,000 TSS Sample 10 80,000 BOD Sample 10 95,000 COD Sample 10 100,000 Total N Sample 10 80,000 Total P Sample 10 80,000 NH4+ Sample 10 70,000 Coliform Sample 10 80,000 10,080,000 30,000 400,000 800,000 800,000 950,000 1,000,000 800,000 800,000 700,000 800,000 15 Measurement and sampling of water Time 20 150,000 3,000,000 Report of environmental 20 150,000 3,000,000 supervision Period 1 5,000,000 5,000,000 Business fees OPERATION PHASE 19,880,000 Control the electromagnetic fields (14 positions x 2 times/year = 28 6,620,000 samples) Electromagnetic field Sample 32 65,000 1,820,000 No. A A1 1 2 3 A3 A4 B B1 1 2 B2 B3 Sample 100,000 10 Measurement of electromagnetic field Time Report of environmental supervision Time(s) Business fees INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 10 0 32 150,000 4,800,000 20 150,000 3,000,000 2 5,000,000 10,000,000 146 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE CHAPTER 6: PUBLIC CONSULTANCY 6.1. OVERVIEW The 220kV line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi through Hoa Binh province, Ha Noi and 14 other areas has a length of 50,6km. In order to minimize the negative impacts on the environment and residents in the construction area, the project has conducted the public consultancy. The activities of public consultancy include: - Surveying, statistics of the impacts and the affected residents. - Public consultancy in 14 communes affected by the project: The investors have sent the consultancy documents to the CPCs according to Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTNMT on the guideline of environmental impacts for public consultancy. The board of management of the Northern power has sent a letter No. 2646/AMB-P5 dated August 23rd 2012 to 14 CPCs to collect the documents of comments for public consultancy. This letter is attached with a summary of environmental information of the project, which includes: Basic content of the project, Negative impacts on environment, Description of the line in each commune. In addition, the investors have conducted the public consultancy for the residents directly affected by project. 6.2. OPINIONS OF CPCS The investors have sent the documents and summary data to 14 CPCs for public consultancy; however, there are only 13 written replies. CPC of Dong Quang – Quoc Oai –Ha Noi has no written reply. The board of management of the Northern power has sent a letter No.2646/AMB-P5 dated August 23rd2012 to Dong Quang commune. The local authorities and people have aware of the impacts of new project during construction and operation phase which is similar to the last project. Due to the characteristics of project, the CPC of Dong Quang commune did not organize the required dialogue between investors and representatives of commune. Thus, there is no written reply after 15 working days as regulated. The local authorities and people have no comment on the implementation of the project of 220kV line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi: - In general, the CPCs have agreed with the implementation of project and the method of reducing impacts in the summary data. - The line location has no influence on the general planning of the commune and is located far from the populated areas. - CPCs have agreed with the method of reducing impacts and environmental supervision to minimize the negative impacts of the project during construction phase. - Ensure to apply the standards and regulations of environment during construction phase. - When recovering the land, the investors have the adequate compensation policies and plan to support the affected households as regulated. - Ensure the health of workers and local people and promptly remedy the environmental problems during construction and operation phase. - Design is strictly complied with the regulations on electrical safety; especially avoid the effects of electromagnetic fields on the health of residents. We should educate people to aware of the dangerous level as well as the obligation of protection. - The site monitoring is important. - Ensure the local security during the construction period. The written replies of the local People’s Committee are listed as follow: 1 Written reply No.51/UBND – VP of Ky Son, dated January 02nd 2012 2 Written reply No.27/UBND – VP of People’s Committee of Dan Hoa, dated October 1st 2012 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 147 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE Written reply No. --/UBND – VP of People’s Committee of Huu Nghi, dated October 01st 2012 4 Written reply No.42/UBND of People’s Committee of Dan Ha, dated 02nd 2012 5 Written reply No.41/CV-UBND of People’s Committee of Hoa Son, dated September 04th 2012 6 Written reply No.36/UBND of People’s Committee of Dong Yen, dated October 03rd 2012 7 Written reply No.1024/UBND of People’s Committee of Can Huu, dated October 03rd 2012 8 Written reply No.52/UBND-VP of People’s Committee of Lam Son, dated October 03rd 2012 9 Written reply No.--/UBND – VP of People’s Committee of Tan Thinh, dated October01st 2012 10 Written reply No.--/UBND – VP of People’s Committee of Hoa Binh, dated October 01st 2012 11 Written reply No.50/UBND – VP of People’s Committee of Yen Mong, dated October 02nd 2012 12 Written reply No.47/UBND – VP of People’s Committee of Mong Hoa, dated October 01st 2012: - Recommendation: Considering G18 and G19 to adjust if these spots are caught in resettlement areas. 13 Written reply No.67/CV-UBND of People’s Committee of Luong Son, dated October 12th 2012: - Recommendation: + When the project is implemented, the local authorities should be informed to coordinate the implementation. + If the construction has affected to the people’s assets, it must pay compensation according to law. 6.3. OPINIONS OF COMMUNITY The investors have conducted the public consultancy in the project area. The main target is the affected households which are near the construction area. As the surveying results, the local people agree with the project implementation. There are some opinions which the investors should perform: - Ensure the health of people to avoid the impacts of electromagnetic fields. - Have adequate compensation policies for the affected households. - Agree with the impacts and method of reducing impacts in the resident areas. - Commit to protect the environment according to law. - Coordinate the local authorities to ensure the security and prevent the evils during the construction period. - Consistent with the opinions of CPC. 6.4. FEEDBACK FROM THE PUBLIC CONSULTANCY The consultants will directly answer to the representatives of communes and residents about the impacts of the power line on the neighborhood environment and the residents. There is a recommendation in the written reply No.47/UBND – VP of the People’s Committee of Mong Hoa, dated October 01st 2012: Considering G18-G19 to adjust if these spots are caught in the resettlement area. The investors answer that the power line has no impacts on the resettlement area of Mong Hoa commune. The consultants have adjusted the impacts and method of reducing impacts to match with the current state of both local area and scope of project after receiving the feedback from public consultancy. These adjustments are presented in the report, especially in Chapter 4 – Methods of reducing the negative impacts on environment. 3 INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 148 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE The investors commit to inform the local authorities in order to coordinate the implementation of the project. During construction period, the investors will compensate according to the law. The compensation for the households affected the crops, trees, agricultural land and housing will be paid according to the Decision of Council of compensation, supports and resettlement. This council helps People’s Committee to compensate, support and resettle for the affected households. The investors also commit to minimize the impacts on environment which is recommended in the report. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION AND COMMITMENT 1. CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION The 220kV line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi will be built to supply the electricity mainly in the load area of Western Ha Noi. This work not only improves the ability to supply the stable electricity for the transmission system in Ha Noi and other regions, but also reduces the load of the 220kV line from Hoa Binh to Ha Dong, Xuan Mai. The environmental impacts of the line of Hoa Binh – Western Ha Noi are studied thoroughly from the preparation phase and clarified in Part 3 of this Report. This line is chosen to avoid affecting the sensitive work, household and the military area. During the construction period, the implement of reducing method is specified in Chapter 4 of this Report. These are the methods which ensure to minimize the impacts of project on the environment. In the construction phase, Board of Management of Northern Power requires the construction units to comply strictly with the regulations of environmental protection as Law on environmental protection and implement the compensation and immigration policies to ensure the safety during the phase of construction and operation. The impacts of this project on the environment are less than the efficiency from this project. This report includes the comprehensive assessment on the scope and degree of influences on the environment during the phase of construction and operation. There are some feasible recommendations to minimize the environmental impacts. 2. COMMITMENT 2.1. Commitments to minimize the environmental impacts The investors has committed to minimize the environmental impacts as stated in Chapter 4 and implement the program of management and supervision as stated in Chapter 5: In the construction phase - Build a group of environmental supervision to monitor the neighborhood; - Use the machinery which has been prescribed as regulated; - Maintenance the equipment and machinery to minimize the environmental pollution; - Water on the roads of construction area every day – cover the materials when transporting; - Comply with the safety regulations of labor; - Collect, sort and handle the hazardous waste as regulated; - Cover the construction materials. In the operation phase - Organize the periodic supervision of electromagnet in the residential area which is directly affected by the project; - Select the diameter and distance of wires to reduce the electromagnetic intense on the wire surface; - Not allow construction and metal structures in the area with high electrical intensity; INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 149 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PROJECT OF HOA BINH – TAY HA NOI 220kV TRANMISSION LINE - Install the lightning protection system at all pylons as regulated. The pylons whose height are over 80m should be painted (as regulated); - In coordination with local authorities, prohibit the exploration on the shore and in the river to prevent from erosion in the area where the pylons are cross the river, especially Da River. 2.2. Commitment to comply with Laws, Standards and Regulations of Vietnam - Law on environmental protection issued with Decision of the President of the Social Republic of Vietnam dated November 29th, 2005 and validated on July 1st 2006. - Decree 59/2007/NĐ-CP of the Government dated April 9th 2007 on Management of solid waste. - Decree No.29/2011/NĐ-CP of the Government dated on April 18th 2011 on the assessment of strategic environment, the environmental impacts and commitment to protect environment. - Circular No.26/2011/TT-BTNMT of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment dated July 18th 2011 on some articles of DecreeNo.29/2011/NĐ-CP of the Government dated April 18th 2011 on the assessment of strategic environment, the environmental impacts and commitment to protect environment. - Decree 106/2005/NĐ-CP of the Government dated August 17th 2005 on the details and guideline of some articles of electricity laws on protection of high-voltage grid safety. - Decree 81/2009/NĐ-CP of the Government dated August 17th 2005 on the details and guideline of some articles of electricity laws on protection of high-voltage grid safety. - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulations on water quality. - QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulations on air quality. - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National technical regulations on noise. - QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulations on the limits of heavy metal in soil. - TCVN 4086:1995: Standards of electrical safety in construction. - The standard of “Limits of electromagnetic intense and Regulations of checking accommodation and working place” is issued with Decision 183 NL/KHKT of Ministry of Energy dated April 12th 1994. - Decree No.197/2004/NĐ-CP of Government dated on December 3rd 2004 on the compensation and resettlement in case of land recovery of the State. - Decree 84/2007/NĐ-CP amending the regulations on issuing the certificate of land use right, the procedures, order, compensation procedures, supports and resettlement in case of land recovery of the State and complaints on land. - Circular 06/2007/TT-BTNMT guiding some articles in Decree 84/2007/NĐ-CP of Government dated on May 25th 2007 on issuing the certificate of land use right, the procedures, order, compensation procedures, supports and resettlement in case of land recovery of the State and complaints on land. INSTITUTE OF ENERGY 150
