ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR
CONTENTS
Individual Behavior In an Organization
History of Human Resources & Organizational
Behavior
Personality: It’s Meaning & Determinants
Learning for Self Management & Improvement
Motivation
Management of Stress
Time Management
The concept of Attitudes
Conflict Management
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Human Behavior has been believed
to be
the outcome of or response to certain
external and internal forces called
stimuli.
Two views of how Human Behaviour
occurs are discussed:
a) The Traditional View
b) The Input-Output System
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
a) The traditional View- (SOB Model)
Behaviour is the Response to a Stimulus.
i) Situation comprising of stimulus and
environment (what pervades inside and
outside of the individual)
ii) Organization occurs through
physiological and cognitive means.
iii) Behaviour emerges as patterns of
action as an outcome.
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
b) The Input-Output system
Behaviourial scientist B J Kolasa
viewed Behaviour from a “system” point
of view which states that Output is the
outcome of Input on which some action
has taken place.
Input + Processing--Æ Output
Stimulus+ Internal/External
processing--Æ Response
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Biographical features affecting
Behaviour:
a) Age
b) Gender
c) Length of Service
d) Marital Status
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Biological Foundations of Behaviour:
a) Heredity
b) Biological Development – glands
c) Nervous System
d) Cognitive Process – Thinking,
Problem Solving, Day dreaming &
Artistic thinking
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Foundations of Individual Behavior
An understanding of individual behavior begins
with a review of major psychological
contributions to OB.
These contributions are subdivided into four
concepts:
a) Values
b) Attitudes
c) Perception
d) Learning
We are covering Values in this Chapter
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
a) Values –
Values represent basic convictions that “a specific
mode of conduct or end-state of existence is
personally or socially preferable to an opposite or
converse mode of conduct or end-state of
existence”
Values highlight an individual’s idea as to what is
right, good or desirable.
Values system is the priority list of Values, in
descending order, which the individual stands for.
E.g. freedom, pleasure, self respect, honesty,
obedience, equality, etc.
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Types of Values -Two approaches to developing Value
typologies are covered as follows:a) Rokeach Value Survey (RVS)
developed by Milton Rokeach
b) Contemporary Work Cohorts
developed by Stephen Robbins
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
a) Rockeach Value Survey
There are two sets of Values, each
containing 18 items.
The two sets are:
i) Terminal Values
ii) Instrumental Values
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
i) Terminal Values:
These are desirable end-states of
existence and comprise of Goals that a
person would like to achieve in his
lifetime.
ii) Instrumental Values:
These are the modes of behaviors or
means of achieving the Terminal Values.
( Refer to Exhibit 1-2 from course material
for examples)
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
b) Contemporary Work Cohorts
Stephen Robbins classified Work
Values into four groups based on the
era – period of time in history- when
they entered into work.
Each group represents a Cohort or a
Generation
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
The four groups are:
1) Veterans - 1950s to early 60s
2) Boomers – 1965 to 1985
3) Xers – 1985 to 2000
4) Nexters – 2000 to present
(Refer to Exhibit 1-3 of course
material for more details)
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Values, Loyalty & Ethical Behavior
Loyalty is dependent upon the Values
the employees cherish.
Level of Loyalty is a function of
Ethical Behavior
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Individual Behaviour in an Organization
Values across Cultures
Values across different Cultures are different and
are impacted by five factors:
1) Power Distance
2) Individualism Vs Collectivism
3) Quantity of life Vs Quality of life
4) Uncertainty Avoidance
5) Long-term Vs Short-term orientation
( Refer to Exhibit 1-4 of course material for more
details)
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Individual Behavior in an Organization
Summary
• Human Beings are unique and so are their behaviors.
• We need to study Human Behavior based on certain scientific
theories and observations.
• Behaviors and Motivation are significant indicators of individual
effectiveness in organizations.
• Individual Behaviors are shaped by many factors like age, gender,
marital status, biographical characteristics, etc.
• Higher mental processes like cognition, logical reasoning, etc.
contribute significantly in understanding the patterns of human
behavior.