Building of States In Europe
FRANCE
France- Dynasty
 Bourbon Dynasty
(1589-1793)
 Henry of Navarre (Henry IV)(1589-1610)
 Louis XIII (1610-1643)
 Cardinal Richelieu (minister who ruled for Louis XIII)
 Louis XIV the “Sun King” (1643-1715)
 Cardinal Mazarin (minister who ruled for Louis XIV)
 Louis XV (1715-1774)
 Louis XVI (1774-1793)– FRENCH REVOLUTION!!
France- Versailles
 Versailles~ 11 miles from Paris
 Castle built by Louis XIV (The Sun King)
 Castle
 Main building 500 yards
 2 wings, 150 yards each
 2,000 rooms
 Gardens
 15,000 acres of gardens, woods and lawns
 1,400 fountains- took too much water to
run them all, that servants would walk
ahead of and behind the king and turn
them on & off to conserve water.
 Court
 Louis XIV had nobles come live with him
and serve him
 This made nobility dependent on
him/can’t overthrow him!
France- Religion
 Catholics-in charge of government
 Huguenots-French Protestants
 Edict of Nantes
 Under Henry IV (he was a Huguenot before he
became King of France and converted)
 Allowed Huguenots to live peacefully in France
and set up their own houses of worship
 Cardinal Richelieu decreases power/rights of
Protestants due to lack of trust
 Louis XIV cancels it in 1685
France- Wars
 Thirty Years War 1618-1648
 An international conflict taking place in northern Europe.
 The war was fought between Catholics and Protestants and also drew in the
national armies of France, Sweden, Spain, Denmark, and the Habsburg dynasty that
ruled the Holy Roman Empire.
 Ended by the Treaty of Westphalia 1648
 Weakened Hapsburgs in Spain & Austria (good for France b/c they were
surrounded by the Hapsburgs)
 France- given land in Germany
 German Princes were independent of the Holy Roman Empire
 Ended Religious wars in Europe
 New methods of peace negotiation- where all countries meet to settle problems
 War of Spanish Succession
 King of Spain dies w/out an heir & he promises the throne to Louis XIV’s
grandson Philip of Anjou
 Countries felt threatened that France & Spain would join, so they go to war!
 Ended by Treaty of Ultrect- Philip of Anjou can be king of Spain but can not
unite the thrones of Spain and France- EVER!
Spain
Spain- Dynasty
 Hapsburgs (1516-1700)
 Charles I (aka Charles V Holy Roman Emperor)
 Philip II
 Philip III
 Philip IV
 Charles II (dies w/out heir)
 Bourbons (1700-1759)
 Philip V (Philip of Anjou)
 Ferdinand VI
Spain- Religion
 Catholics-in charge of government
 Charles V- King of Spain & Holy Roman Emperor
 When he dies he divides the empire between his son
(Philip II gets Spain, Netherlands and American colonies) & brother (Ferdinand gets Holy
Roman Empire)
 Philip II sees himself as “Defender of the Faith”
 1588- Spanish Armada lost to England (Elizabeth I)
 Defends church against Ottoman (Muslims) and
Protestants
Spain- Wars
 Land Spain controls
 American colonies
 The Netherlands (which are Protestant)
 Dutch Revolt due to religion and they had a thriving economy while Spain
was struggling (1574-1579)
 Dutch win independence
 Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
 War of Spanish Succession (1700)
Holy Roman Empire (HRE)
(Germany)
HRE- Dynasty
 Holy Roman Emperor (Hapsburgs)
 Control this region until 1648 when the Treaty of
Westphalia gives German Princes independence
 Other Empires Grow Stronger
 Austria (Hapsburgs)
 Maria Theresa (1717-1780)
 Prussia (Hollenzollerns)
 Frederick the Great 1712-1786
HRE- Religion
 Holy Roman Emperor
 Catholic
 Peace of Augsburg 1555
 Allows German princes to determine the religion of their
subjects
 Signed by HRE Charles V unwillingly
 Austria
 Catholic
 Prussia
 Mostly Protestant
HRE- Wars
 Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
 Germany was destroyed during the wars- lost population, land and
agriculture were destroyed. They had to begin the rebuilding
process
 Germany won’t unite until 1800’s
 Seven Years War (1756-1763)
 Fought between Austria & Prussia and allies
 Austria (France, Russia) vs. Prussia (England)
 First time Russia gets involved in European affairs & wars
 French and Indian War
 Fought in North America
 France & Britain and their colonies
 Third Carnatic War
 Fought in India
 France & Britain and their colonies
All were fought due to
their interest in colonial
and trade empires and
started by the feud
between Austria &
Prussia
England
England- Dynasty
 Tudor (1509-1603)
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Henry VIII (1509-1547) & his six wives
Edward VI (1547-1553)
Mary I (Bloody Mary) (1553-1558)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
 Stuart (1603-1714)- from Scotland
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James I (1603-1625)
Charles I (1625-1649)-beheaded
Puritan Republic w/Cromwell (1649-1660)
Charles II (1660-1685)
James II (1685-1688) overthrown & fled country
William III (1689-1702) and Mary (1689-1694)
Anne (1702-1714)
 Hanoverian (1714-1837)
 George I (1714-1727)
 George II (1727-1760)
See power point on
line over the
English Civil Warbreaks it down so
it’s easy to
understand!!
England- Religion
 Henry VIII
 Was a STRONG Catholic
 Married to Catherine of Aragon
 Youngest child of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain
 Was unable to produce a male heir so Henry VIII wanted a divorce
 her nephew (Charles V) was the Holy Roman Emperor and wouldn’t grant
the divorce
 Splits from the Catholic Church to get a divorce
 Church of England (Anglican Church)
 Protestant based church
 Started by Henry VIII
 Act of Supremacy- 1634- makes Henry VIII both the leader of
England AND of the Church of England
 Catholic Rulers after Henry
 Mary I (Henry’s daughter by Catherine of Aragon)
 James II –was overthrown by his William & Mary- he fled to France

EnglandWars
Elizabeth I
 Spanish Armada Attacks
 Had to fight off Philip II’s invasion because he thought he should be king of England
because he was married to Mary I (Elizabeth’s sister) and when she died…he felt
he had the right to the throne.
 England defeats the Armada (to everyone’s surprise…even hers!)
 Problems in Government during the Stuart reign
 Constitutional Monarchy- the monarch must get approval from
Parliament to raise taxes.
 Charles I felt he was a divine ruler and didn’t need Parliament, he
dissolved them multiple times.
 Petition of Rights
 signed by Charles I when Parliament was called back (so he could get $$ for taxes).
 Put more restrictions on the king
 Charles ignored it…leading to the English Civil War
England- Wars
 English Civil War
 Charles I offended Parliament (by ignoring the Petition of Rights)
 Charles I offended the Puritans by trying to force the Presbyterian Scots to
convert to the Anglican Church- so the whole kingdom would be the same
religion
 Charles I needed money to fight the Scots– he needed Parliament they
opposed him
 1642-1649 English Civil War is fought
 1649- Oliver Cromwell takes over
 Charles brought to trial and found guilty- beheaded
 Cromwell rules England as a dictator with Puritan beliefs
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Gets rid of music, dance, theater, sporting events, comedy, etc.
 1658- Cromwell dies and people were sick of military rule
 1659- Charles II (Charles I’s oldest son) is invited back to rule
 Called the RESTORATION period (restoring the monarchy to England)
 Called the Merry Monarch because he restores all the events the Puritans banned
 He dies w/out an heir- brother takes over (James II)

EnglandWars
English Civil War (con’t)
 1659- Charles II (Charles I’s oldest son) is invited back to rule
 Called the RESTORATION period (restoring the monarchy to England)
 Called the Merry Monarch because he restores all the events the Puritans banned
 He dies w/out an heir- brother takes over (James II)
 1685- James II (Charles II’s brother) takes over
 Catholic- England does not want a Catholic king again!
 7 members of Parliament start discussing with James’ son-in-law the possibility of him
taking over.
 1688 William of Orange (son-in-law) invades and James II flees the country
 This is called the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION because there is no blood
shed during this revolution. (no Catholic will ever be king of England)
 William & Mary sit on the throne
 Set up a constitutional monarchy- the king has limited power
 Has Bill of Rights to protect the people