Wilson, A. W. et al., Sclerodermatineae ectomycorrhizal evolution – Supporting Information Notes
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Supporting Information 3 Figure 1. Astraeus Bayesian
ITS phylogeny. Numbers above branches are ML
bootstrap support percentages (bold) and posterior
probabilities. Numbers adjacent to branches represent
Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap percentages (in bold)
and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities. Bent branches
were artificially shortened for figure presentation.
Supporting Information 3 Figure 2. Pisolithus Bayesian ITS
phylogeny. Numbers above branches are ML bootstrap support
percentages (bold) and posterior probabilities. Numbers adjacent to
branches represent Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap percentages (in
bold) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities. Bent branches were
artificially shortened for figure presentation.
Discussion
In the Astraeus bayesian ITS tree, five clades are resolved representing Astraeus
taxa identified in Phosri et al. (2007). Astraeus odoratus was given weak support, while
Astraeus asiaticus (100% MLB, 1.0 PP), Astraeus hygrometricus “France” (96% MLB,
0.98 PP) and Astraeus hygrometricus “N. America” (100% MLB, 1.0 PP) were given
strong support. Astraeus pteridis includes taxa from North America, New Zealand and
France, but has only moderate support (MLB 86). Two clades within Astraeus pteridis
have strong support (99% MLB, 1.0 PP, and 88% MLB, 0.92 PP). Further analysis is
needed to determine whether these clades represent unique taxa.
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The Pisolithus ITS tree was able to resolve the eleven Pisolithus species outlined
in Martín et al. (2002). One major difference is that Lineage C (100% MLB, 1.0PP) is
derived from Lineage A and sister to Pisolithus sp. 1 (100% MLB, 1.0PP), instead of
being resolved basal to all Pisolithus. Together, Lineages A and C make a wellsupported clade (84% MBS, 1.0 PP). This represents the only relationship above species
that is supported in any of the ITS phylogenies.
Supporting Information 3 Figure 3. Calostoma Bayesian ITS phylogeny. Numbers above branches are ML bootstrap support
percentages (bold) and posterior probabilities. Numbers adjacent to branches represent Maximum Likelihood Bootstrap percentages
(in bold) and Bayesian Posterior Probabilities. Bent branches were artificially shortened for figure presentation.
The Calostoma ITS tree is from original data of 24 Calostoma sequences
representing 12 species (Figure 3). Each species is supported by strong MLB and PP
support. Calostoma sp. HKAS38139 is a species from China that is morphologically
similar to C. japonicum (99% MLB, 0.95 PP) from Japan. The ITS phylogenetic tree does
not support a monophyletic grouping of all C. japonicum taxa, but the supermatrix tree
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gives strong support (98% MLB, 1.0 PP) for the association of Calostoma sp.
HKAS38139 with C. japonicum (Figure 1). The Australian and New Zealand species of
Calostoma fuscum, and C. rodwayi form a moderately supported (81% MLB)
monophyletic group whereas it is given strong monophyletic support (91% MLB, 1.0 PP)
in the supermatrix tree. The majority of specimens in this clade are from New Zealand.
The specimen OKM23918 of C. fuscum from Western Australia is not resolved with C.
fuscum from New Zealand, suggesting there are some cryptic species present in
Australasian Calostoma. The clade representing C. cinnabarinum, strongly supported in
both the ITS (89% MLB, 0.99 PP) and supermatrix (100% MLB, 1.0 PP) trees, represents
a disjunct distribution for the species. Sequences of C. cinnabarinum in both the ITS and
multigene datasets represent specimens from North America and China
References
Martín F, Díez J, Dell B, Delaruelle C. 2002. Phylogeography of the ectomycorrhizal
Pisolithus species as inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. New
Phytologist 153: 345-357.
Phosri C, Martín MP, Sihanonth P, Whalley AJS, Watling R. 2007. Molecular study
of the genus Astraeus. Mycological Research 111(3): 275-286.