Muis Fajar
Developing The Green space on The Surface Temperature Distribution and Temperature
Humidity Index of Palembang City
Palembang is the provincial capital of South Sumatra. The Municipality are experiencing
increase of population and fast development in many sectors. This resulted in the increase of
built up areas and reduce green open space (green space). The condition lead to micro-climate
changes, such as increasing air temperature and decreasing humidity that worsen the comfort
ability of living. The study aims to: (1) identify the spatial distribution of surface temperature in
some types of land cover, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and its relation to
the green open spaces, (2) Mapping of Temperature Humidity Indeh (THI) or comfort index in
the region of Palembang, and (3) Development of Grren space based on the distribution of
surface temperature, air humidity, THI and urban planning.
The study was conducted in the city of Palembang. Materials used in this reseacrh are a Landsat
7 ETM (Path 124 Row 062) dated May 10, 2001 and August 23, 2010 and the administrative
boundary map of Palembang. Processing of Landsat 7 ETM image data using a set of computer
equipped with software ArcGIS 9.3 and Erdas Imagine 9.1, which includes the layer stack,
geometric correction, cropping the image, image classification, and test accuracy. Estimation of
surface temperature was conducted by using band 6. Furthermore, estimation results are used to
estimate temperature and air humidity comfort index (THI) in the city of Palembang. In
addition, the determination of vegetation land cover was also done using NDVI. NDVI values
were used to determine the relationship between surface temperature and land cover.
Palembang usrfece temperature ranges from 27OC to 39OC. Surfece temperature on the green
space ranges from 28OC to 32OC, while the surface temperature in the build up area more than
33OC. There was an increase in surface temperature from 2001 until 2010. The changes were
assosiated with reduction of green space area. RTH can be predicted with NDVI values. NDVI
values greater than 0 and less than 1 was vegetation. Surface temperature has the opposite
relationship with NDVI. The greater surface temperature the lower the NDVI value and vice
versa. Palembang City was entirely classified into incomfortable class in 2001 and 2010, since
the city located in THI value over 26.
Development of green space in the city of Palembang was divided into three type of activities,
namely, at housing areas, suburbs and downtown areas. Development of green space at
settlements in the form of green yard, and its surface temperature ranges from 30OC – 34OC,
humidity 60% – 70% and average THI ranged 27 – 28. In the suburbs, can be developed green
space in the form of city parks and urban forest, the surface temperature of 29OC – 34OC,
humidity 60% – 80%, and THI averaging around 26 – 27. In the downtown area can be
developed in the form of roof garden green space and green be, the surface temperature above
33OC, humidity 40% – 60% and the average ranged THI >31.