Types of Maps: NOTES
Name: ________________
1. ______________________: Shows political (national and state) boundaries, like a globe.
2. ________________: Shows interstate system, highways, and smaller roads, depending on the map
Used for navigation (getting from “here” to “there”)
3. _______________________: Shows pressure systems, cloud cover, rainfall, weather forecasts
4. _______________________: Shows the ocean floor, ocean features (Topography of the ocean)
5. _______________________: Shows the differences in elevation (relief) of an area
 Shows man-made features of the land as well as its natural features
A. Paper maps are Flat 2-Dimensional Representations of Earth’s Surface. Problems:
• Not as accurate as a 3-D _________________ model
• Earth’s features become _______________________ (they don’t look right)
B. Map Making
►_________________: Use distance and elevation information from known points to create maps
Known points of elevation are called: ____________ ______________, they are metal stakes placed in
stone and marked with the location and elevation
Aerial (from the sky) photography also helps make maps.
Modern surveyors use: Compass, Infrared theodolite, and GPS
C. Map Projections
►_______________________ (map makers) illustrate world maps as a projection to reduce distortion
►Map _________________ – transferring a curved surface (the Earth, sphere) to a flat one (the map).
►Common map projections: ________________, _______________(Polar), & (Poly)_____________.
I. The ________________ map projection shows the view of Earth as if a large ______________of paper
had been wrapped around the globe. This is the most common type of projection.
-Disadvantage  Major _______________ effects near the poles. Land looks larger than what it really is.
+Advantage  Indicate true directions as straight lines of latitude and longitude makes a rectangular grid
pattern
II. A ______________ or _______________ projected map is created as if a piece of paper had been
placed on a point on the Earth.
The (Poly)________________ map projection shows the view of Earth as if a large paper ___________had
been wrapped around the globe. This type of map is useful for mapping areas in the middle latitudes.
__________________
________________
_________________ label each map projection
REVIEW: What type of halves is the Earth divided into?
• North-South Hemispheres are separated by the imaginary line called the __________________.
• East-West Hemispheres are separated by imaginary lines called the ________________
______________(Greenwich Meridian) and the _________________ _________ __________.
Latitude and Longitude: Grid of IMAGINARY lines placed over Earth
Every location on the Earth has a specific latitude and longitude “address.”
• Latitude lines circle the Earth__________________________, parallel to the Equator (0 Degrees)
• Latitude is measured in Degrees _____________ or ______________ of the equator (0-90 Degrees)
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Longitude lines are half-circles that extend ___________________ between the poles
Longitude is measured in Degrees _________ or __________of the Prime Meridian (0-180 Degrees)
How do you know the size of landforms or the distance between cities on a map?
The ______ ________indicates how the map’s features and distances compare with the actual Earth
The comparison is given as a ______________: For example  1:24,000
1 : 24,000 means that 1 map unit equals = 24,000 units on Earth
E. How do you determine direction on a map?
►Usually, most modern maps place North at the top
►________________ ______________ indicates (shows) direction
►Geographic North v/s Magnetic North, are they the same? _______, because Earth is tilted on its axis!
Earth Observing System: The ________________ in the Earth Observing Systems (EOS) will contain
sensors to monitor (check on) global climate change.
Global Positioning System: GPS is a _____________ ____ ______________ _____ ______________ that
allow accurate positioning on the Earth. * 24 satellites work together to gather and compute information.