AP United States History - Terms and People – Unit 5, Chapter 15 (13th Ed.)
HONOR PLEDGE: I strive to uphold the vision of the North Penn School District, which is to inspire each student to reach his or her highest potential
and become a responsible citizen. Therefore, on my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work.
The Ferment of Reform and Culture: 1790 - 1860
Before studying Chapter 15, read over these “Themes”:
Theme: The spectacular religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening reversed a trend toward secular rationalism
in American culture, and helped to fuel a spirit of social reform. In the process, religion was increasingly feminized, while
women in turn took the lead in movements of reform, including those designed to improve their own condition.
Theme: The attempt to improve Americans faith, morals, and character affected nearly all areas of American life and
culture, including education, the family, literature, and the arts, culminating in the great crusade against slavery.
Theme: Intellectual and cultural development in America was less prolific than in Europe, but they did earn some
international recognition and became more distinctly American, especially after the War of 1812.
After studying Chapter 15 in your textbook, you should be able to:
1. Describe the changes in American religion and their effects on culture and social reform.
2. Describe the causes of the most important reform movements of the period.
3. Explain the origins of American feminism and describe its various manifestations.
4. Describe the utopian and communitarian experiments of the period.
5. Identify the early American achievements in the arts and sciences.
6. Analyze the American literary flowering of the early nineteenth century, especially in relation to
transcendentalism and other ideas of the time.
Know the following people and terms. Consider the historical significance of each term or person.
Also note the dates of the event if that is pertinent.
A. People
Dorothea Dix
+Stephen Foster
James Russell Lowell
William Miller
Washington Irving
Oliver Wendell Holmes
Lucretia Mott
+James Fenimore Cooper
Elizabeth Blackwell
+Horace Mann
Peter Cartwright
+Noah Webster
+Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sylvester Graham
Edgar Allan Poe
+Susan B. Anthony
+Ralph Waldo Emerson
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Robert Owen
+Henry David Thoreau
+Herman Melville
Charles G. Finney
AP United States History - Terms and People – Unit 5, Chapter 15 (13th Ed.)
HONOR PLEDGE: I strive to uphold the vision of the North Penn School District, which is to inspire each student to reach his or her highest potential
and become a responsible citizen. Therefore, on my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work.
William H. McGuffey
Emma Willard
Louis Agassiz
+Walt Whitman
John J. Audubon
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
Louisa May Alcott
Gilbert Stuart
Margaret Fuller
Francis Parkman
+Joseph Smith
+Brigham Young
+Phineas T. Barnum
+=One of the 100 Most Influential Americans of All Time, as ranked by The Atlantic. Go to Webpage to see all 100.
B. Terms:
Deism
polygamy
theocracy
utopian
communitarian
transcendentalism
American Temperance Society
Shakers
Maine Law of 1851
Unitarian
Second Great Awakening
Hudson River school
Women’s Rights Convention
Knickerbocker group
Burned-Over District
Declaration of Sentiments
Millerites
Oneida Community
Mormons
C. Sample Essays: Using what you have previously learned and what you learned by reading
Chapter 15, you should be able to answer essays such as these:
1. What role did women play in the intellectual and literary movements of the early 1800’s?
2. In what ways did the American literature in the early nineteenth century reflect the “New Democracy “of the
Jacksonian age?
AP United States History - Terms and People – Unit 5, Chapter 15 (13th Ed.)
HONOR PLEDGE: I strive to uphold the vision of the North Penn School District, which is to inspire each student to reach his or her highest potential
and become a responsible citizen. Therefore, on my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work.
D. Voices from the past:
I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous to them than your ancestors…all men would be
tyrants if they could.
Abigail Adams, in a letter to her husband John in 1776
In education, in marriage, in religion, in everything, disappointment is the lot of women.
Lucy Stone, 1855
Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string…. Whose would be a man, a man must be a non-conformist.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Self-Reliance” (1841)
If a man does not keep pace with his companion, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer.
Henry David Thoreau
I come to present the strong claims of suffering humanity. I come to place before the Legislature of Massachusetts
the condition of the miserable, the desolate, the outcast. I come as the advocate of helpless, forgotten, insane men and
women; of beings sunk to a condition from which the unconcerned world would start with real horror .
Dorothea Dix, from her Memorial to the Legislature of Massachusetts, 1843
F. Matching People, Places, and Events: Match the person, place or event in the left column with the
proper description in the right column by placing the correct letter on the blank line.
_____1. Dorothea Dix
_____2. Brigham Young
_____3. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
_____4. Lucretia Mott
_____5. Horace Mann
_____6. John J. Audubon
_____7. Charles G. Finney
_____8. Robert Owen
_____9. John Humphrey Noyes
_____10.Mary Lyon
_____11.Louisa May Alcott
_____12.James Fenimore Cooper
_____13.Emily Dickinson
_____14.Ralph Waldo Emerson
_____15.Walt Whitman
_____16.William Gilmore Simms
_____17.Edgar Allan Poe
_____18.Herman Melville
A. Leader of a radical New York commune that practiced “complex
marriage” and eugenic birth control.
B. Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy
C. The “Mormon Moses” who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their
promised land in Utah
D. Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening
E. New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than
his dark literary masterpiece, Moby Dick
F. Believed tax-supported public schools was essential for social
stability and democracy
G. Pioneering women’s educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in
Massachusetts
H. Idealistic Scottish industrialist whose attempt at a communal utopia in
America failed
I. Author of magnificently illustrated Birds of America
J. Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-rate promoter of
transcendentalist ideals and American culture
K. Eccentric “southern” genius whose tales of mystery, suffering and
the supernatural departed from general American literary trends.
L. Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for
the mentally ill
M. Reclusive New England poet, who wrote about love, death and
immortality
N. Leading feminist who wrote the “Declaration of Sentiments” in 1848
and pushed for women’s suffrage
O. Most noteworthy southern novelist before the Civil War
P. Novelist whose tales of family life, such as Little Women, helped
economically support her own struggling transcendentalist family
Q. Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person
of the forest with the values of modern civilization
R. Quaker women’s rights advocate who also strongly supported the
abolition of slavery
AP United States History - Terms and People – Unit 5, Chapter 15 (13th Ed.)
HONOR PLEDGE: I strive to uphold the vision of the North Penn School District, which is to inspire each student to reach his or her highest potential
and become a responsible citizen. Therefore, on my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work.
E. Matching Cause and Effect: Match the historical cause in the left column with the proper effect in the
right column by writing the correct letter on the blank line.
Cause
Effect
____ 1. The Second Great Awakening
A. Created the first literature genuinely native to America
B. Captured in one long poem the exuberant and
____ 2. The Mormon practice of polygamy
optimistic spirit of popular American democracy
C. Caused most utopian experiments to decline or
____ 3. Women abolitionists’ anger at being
collapse in a few years
ignored by male reformers
D. Inspired writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry
David Thoreau and Margaret Fuller
____ 4. The women’s rights movement
E. Aroused hostility and scorn in most of the male press
and pulpit
____ 5. Unrealistic expectations and conflict
F. Made their works little understood in their lifetimes by
within perfectionist communities
generally optimistic Americans
G. Aroused persecution from morally traditionalist
____ 6.The Knickerbocker and transcendentalist
Americans and delayed statehood for Utah
use of new American themes in their writing H. Inspired a widespread spirit of evangelical reform in
many areas of American life
____ 7. Henry David Thoreau’s theory of civil
I. Led to expanding the crusade for equal rights to
disobedience
include women
J. Inspired later practitioners of nonviolence like
____ 8. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass
Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
____ 9. Herman Melville’s and Edgar Allan Poe’s concern with evil and suffering
____10. The Transcendentalist movement
G. Can You Identify? Match the person, place or event in the left column with the proper description in the
right column by placing the correct letter on the blank line.
_____ 1. Transcendentalism
A. Liberal religious belief, held by many of the Founding Fathers, that
stressed rationalism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelation
_____ 2. Leaves of Grass
B. Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward,
stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life.
_____ 3. Mormons
C. The two religious denominations that benefited from the evangelical
revivals of the early nineteenth century.
_____ 4. Deism
D. Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually
established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah.
_____ 5. The Scarlet Letter
E. 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on
the Declaration of Independence.
_____ 6. civil disobedience
F. Commune established in Indiana by Scottish industrialist Robert
Owen.
_____ 7. Second Great Awakening G. Intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on “plain living and
high thinking.”
_____ 8. Seneca Falls Convention H. Thomas Jefferson’s stately self-designed home in Virginia that
became a model of American architecture
_____ 9. Methodists and Baptists
I. Philosophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that
greatly influenced many American writers of the early 19th century
_____10. New Harmony
J. The doctrine, promoted by American writer Henry David Thoreau in
an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi and King
_____11. Brook Farm
K. Walt Whitman’s shocking collection of emotional poems
L. A disturbing New England masterpiece about adultery and guilt in
_____12. Monticello
the old Puritan era.
After this Unit is done, detach the next page and save it for the course review at the end of the year.
AP United States History - Terms and People – Unit 5, Chapter 15 (13th Ed.)
HONOR PLEDGE: I strive to uphold the vision of the North Penn School District, which is to inspire each student to reach his or her highest potential
and become a responsible citizen. Therefore, on my honor, I pledge that I have neither given nor received unauthorized assistance on this work.
Comparing and Contrasting:
The First and Second Great Awakening
When
1730s
and
1740s
Where
13 colonies
Leaders
Jonathon
Edwards
First Great Awakening
Impact
“New Lights,” ministers who believed in the revitalization
of the Great Awakening, attacked old style,
orthodox clergy – “Old Lights”
George
Whitefield Emphasized direct, emotive spirituality
Strengthened the Baptists
First spontaneous mass movement of the American people
When
Where
Leaders
1800s
to
1840s
Mainly along
the “frontier’
regions of the
new country,
particularly
western New
York,
Pennsylvania,
Virginia and
the Carolinas
Peter
Cartwright
Second Great Awakening
Impact
Furthered the fragmentation of religious faiths
Tended to denounce slavery and alcohol
Charles
Emphasized the importance of women in the church
Grandison and in the family
Finney
(save this page for review at the end of the year)