1.
Hardness of rocks
(a)
Jamila did a scratch test on four different types of rock to see which was the
hardest.
She used four different objects to scratch each rock.
This table shows her results:
Was scratched by …
Rock
fingernail
coin
matchstick
plastic knife
marble
sandstone
granite
talc
Which rock could Jamila’s fingernail scratch?
............................................…..
1 mark
(b)
Jamila worked out that granite was the hardest rock she tested.
What evidence in the table did Jamila use to find out that granite was the hardest
rock she tested?
..............................................................................................................……
…..................................................................................................................
3
1 mark
(c)
Use the information in the table.
Write the name of each rock in the boxes below, to show the order of the rocks
from softest to hardest.
One has been done for you.
granite
Softest
rock
Hardest
rock
1
1 mark
(d)
As Jamila was doing her test, she realised it was hard to keep her test fair.
Tick ONE box to show why it was hard for Jamila to keep her test fair.
The rocks were different
sizes.
The shapes of the
objects were different.
Some of the objects
were harder than others.
It was difficult to
scratch each rock with
the same force.
1 mark
(e)
Jamila carries out some more tests on her rocks. She uses the table below to
record the new information she learns from her tests.
Feels rough
Permeable
Not permeable
sandstone
granite
talc
marble
Does not feel rough
Use the information from the table to write TWO new things Jamila learnt
about granite.
1. .................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
2.
Examining rocks
(a)
Paul has four pieces of rock:
granite
slate
sandstone
limestone
He slowly drops some water onto each rock.
A small amount of water soaks into some of the rocks.
2
Which of these words describes a rock that water soaks into?
Tick ONE box.
translucent
flexible
permeable
opaque
101 mark
(b)
Paul tests the rocks for hardness. He uses each rock to try to make a scratch
on the other rocks.
He records his results in a table.
Rock used
Did it leave a scratch...
on slate?
on limestone?
on granite?
on sandstone?
yes
no
yes
no
no
slate
limestone
no
granite
yes
yes
sandstone
no
yes
yes
no
Use the table to answer these questions.
Which rocks did the slate scratch?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c)
Which rock was the hardest?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(d)
Use the information in the table to explain how you know this was the
hardest rock.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
3
3.
Acid rain
(a)
Sometimes rain mixes with pollution in the air to form acid rain.
Some children want to find out what happens when acid rain falls on rocks.
Vinegar can be used to show the effects of acid rain. The children
add vinegar to chalk rock. The pictures below show what happens.
bubble
vinegar
dish
Chalk rock
Chalk rock and
vinegar
Bubbles are produced.
Write true or false next to each sentence below.
The change is non-reversible.
...............................................
The bubbles evaporate.
...............................................
1 mark
(b)
Write solid, liquid or gas next to each material in the table.
Material
Solid, liquid or gas?
inside the
bubble
vinegar
chalk rock
1 mark
(c)
The children test more rocks. The table below shows their results.
Rock
Are bubbles produced
when vinegar is added?
granite
no
sandstone
no
limestone
yes
slate
no
pumice
yes
Look at these pictures of a statue. The statue is in a city that has acid rain.
4
Statue when new
Same statue after 200 years
Use the table to name ONE rock that this statue could have been made from.
...............................................
1 mark
4.
Soil
(a)
Children put four different types of soil into funnels.
They poured 300 cm³ of water on to each soil.
They measured how much water passed through in five minutes.
Look at the picture.
Which soil allowed the least water to pass through it?
Tick ONE box.
1 mark
(b)
Clay has small particles and does not let water through easily.
Sand has larger particles and lets water through easily.
The table shows the four types of soil they tested.
Which type of soil was put in each funnel?
Complete the table by writing the letter for each funnel?
soil
funnel
all clay
mostly clay, some sand
mostly sand, some clay
all sand
1 mark
5
(c)
The children showed their results on a graph.
The graph shows how much water each type of soil let through in five minutes.
300
250
200
volume
of water 150
in cm³
100
50
0
soil A
soil B
soil C
soil D
small
stones
soil type
The children then poured 300 cm³ of water onto small stones in a funnel.
Draw a bar on the graph to predict the volume of water which will pass through
the small stones in five minutes.
1 mark
(d)
Marram grass grows in very sandy places.
Explain how the long roots of the marram grass help it to survive in very sandy
places.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
5.
Rock pool
(a)
Some children see four living things in a rock pool.
Which ONE of these living things is a producer in a food chain?
.............................................................................................................1 mark
6
(b)
Some sea water is trapped in the rock pool.
The water cannot drain away.
Which word best describes the rock that stops the water draining away?
Circle ONE word.
permeable
impermeable
strong
rough
absorbent
1 mark
6.
Rocks
(a)
Sally investigated some rocks.
She recorded her observations.
observation
rock
can it be
scratched
with a knife?
does it
let water
through?
can it be
split into
flat pieces?
sandstone
yes
yes
no
granite
no
no
no
slate
yes
no
yes
marble
yes
no
no
Look at the table.
Which rock cannot be scratched with a knife?
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(b)
She sorted all the rocks by permeability.
Look at the table.
Write the names of the rocks in each group.
permeable
not permeable
1 mark
7
(c)
Next she sorted them like this.
sandstone
granite
marble
slate
Group A
Group B
Look at the table.
Describe why the rocks in group A make a group.
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
8