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90167
Level 1 Biology, 2003
90167 Describe biological ideas relating
to the functioning of plant processes
Credits: Four
You should answer ALL the questions in this booklet.
For Assessor’s use only
Achievement Criteria
Achievement
Describe biological ideas
relating to the functioning of
plant processes.
Achievement
with Merit
Explain biological ideas
relating to the functioning of
plant processes.
Achievement
with Excellence
Apply biological ideas relating
to the functioning of plant
processes.
Overall Level of Performance
© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2003
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.
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You are advised to spend 45 minutes answering the questions in this booklet.
QUESTION ONE: Spreading Around
Pollination and fertilisation are both important processes in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants.
(a)
Draw a labelled diagram to describe the processes of cross-pollination.
(b)
Describe the role of fertilization in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants.
(c)
Wind-pollinated flowers produce large amounts of smooth, light pollen. Explain why the pollen of
wind-pollinated flowers is different from the pollen of insect-pollinated flowers.
After pollination, seeds form in either a dry or fleshy fruit. Different types of fruit use different methods to
disperse the seeds away from the parent plant.
(d)
Discuss how the structure and features of TWO different fruits help to disperse the seeds they
contain.
You may use diagrams in your answer.
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QUESTION TWO: Under the Microscope
The following drawing shows a piece of lower leaf epidermis viewed through a microscope.
(a)
Describe ONE feature of guard cells that help them open and close the stomata.
(b)
Explain why stomata in the leaf epidermis are important for the process of photosynthesis.
(c)
Discuss how hot, dry, windy weather can affect the rate of photosynthesis.
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QUESTION THREE: Growing Up
The diagram below shows a plant called sheep’s sorrel, Rumex acetosella. Note the small sorrel plants
growing from the roots of the main plant.
[This picture could not be reproduced for
copyright reasons. See below.]
Fig. 2: Rumex acetosella
[Source: Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology (5th edition), Weier, Stocking and Barbour,
John Wiley and Sons, Canada]
(a)
Explain ONE advantage of the type of reproduction shown by the sheep’s sorrel in Fig.2.
Flowering plants get bigger through primary and secondary growth. Meristems are areas of the plant that
are important to primary and secondary growth. The following section through the tip of a stem shows
the apical meristem.
[This picture could not be
reproduced for copyright
reasons. See below.]
Fig. 3: Section through
tip of a stem
Source: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/F/Flowering.html
(b)
Describe the purpose of the apical meristem in growth of the plant.
(c)
Discuss where and how the processes of primary and secondary growth occur in the
stem.
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QUESTION FOUR: Kowhai Seeds
A group of biology students investigated what effect cutting and scraping the seed testa had on the
germination rate of kowhai seeds.
The table below shows the number of seeds that had germinated after one month.
Treatment of seed testa
Germination (number)
Germination rate (%)
Untreated
13
26
Scraped
36
70
Cut
33
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(a)
Describe the effect that cutting the seed testa had on the germination of the k owhai seeds.
(b)
The shoot (plumule) from a germinating seed is very easily damaged. Explain how a plant
can keep this shoot protected during germination