Chapter One
Multiple Choice
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
1. If you have a toothache and the dentist taps your tooth to check for sensitivity, what part of
the scientific method is being used?
A. experiment
B. hypothesis
C. theory
D. law
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. A scientist, Dr. Sigma, states that a chemical taken internally once a day will prevent the
common cold. However, no other scientist is able to duplicate the results. The statement by
Dr. Sigma is _____.
A. a law
B. a hypothesis
C. a theory
D. not valid
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. All atoms are composed of
protons, neutrons, and electrons. These statements are an example of a scientific _____.
A. law
B. theory
C. hypothesis
D. experiment
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Scientific laws differ from scientific theories in that _____.
A. laws explain observations and theories describe observations
B. laws describe observations and theories explain observations
C. theories eventually become laws
D. no difference exists. Laws and theories have the same meaning.
1
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. While attempting to start your car, when you turn the key, there is no response. You suspect
that the battery is dead. To determine this, you turn on the light switch. Your suspicion
about the battery is an example of a _____, and your attempt to turn on the headlight is an
example of a ____.
A. theory, law
B. hypothesis, experiment
C. experiment, hypothesis
D. hypothesis, theory
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Which of the following has a fixed volume, but takes the shape of the container?
A. solid
B. liquid
C. gas
D. none of these
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Water flowing is a dam is an example of
A. potential energy.
B. chemical energy.
C. electrical energy.
D. kinetic energy.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Liquids have _____ shape and _____ volume.
A. fixed/variable
B. fixed/fixed
C. variable/fixed
D. variable/variable
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. The energy available by virtue of a rock at the top of a cliff is
A. chemical energy.
B. potential energy.
C. thermal energy.
D. kinetic energy.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A. A piece of paper cut into small pieces
B. Burning of paper
C. Butter becoming rancid
D. Baking a cookie
2
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Which of the following is a chemical property?
A. color
B. flammability
C. odor
D. hardness
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Which of the following is a physical change?
A. melting of ice
B burning oxygen in air
C. rusting of iron
D. baking cookies
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Which of the following is a chemical change?
A. evaporation of water
B. melting of copper
C. tearing paper
D. frying an egg
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Which is a unit of measure of mass?
A. liter
B. ºC
C. kilogram
D. Joule
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. The number 390000, expressed correctly in scientific notation, is
A. 3.9 x 10-6
B. 3.9 x 105
C. 3.9
D. 3.9 x 10-5
3
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. A patient’s temperature is taken three times by two nurses. The results of three successive
temperatures by each nurse are:
Nurse A
Nurse B
98F
90 F
99F
100F
97F
96F
The patient’s actual temperature is 101 F. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Nurse A’s results are more precise than those of nurse B.
B. Nurse B’s results are more accurate than those of Nurse A.
C. Both nurses have precise results.
D. Nurse B’s results are both accurate and precise.
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. 2.32 g is the same as
A. 232 kg
B. 23.2 cg
C. 2320 mg
D. 0.0232 dg
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Which of the following numbers contains the designated CORRECT number of significant
figures?
A. 30.1 C
2 significant figures
B. 3.6 x 102 m 3 significant figures
C. 0.00450 m
3 significant figures
D. 27.051 mL 4 significant figures
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Perform the following calculation: 39.5 x 22.0 x 0.0067. Round your answer to the correct
number of significant digits.
A. 5.8223
B. 5.822
C. 5.82
D. 5.8
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. When 15.5 + 0.125 + 2.55 are added, the answer with the correct number of significant
figures is
A. 18.175
B. 18.2
C. 18.17
D. 18
4
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. A mercury thermometer is used to take four temperatures of a solution. The temperatures are
44.8 ºC, 44.9 ºC, 45.0ºC, and 45.1ºC. An alcohol thermometer was also used and measured
44.9 ºC, 45.3 ºC, 45.4 ºC, and 45.9 ºC. The solution is correctly determined to be 45.0 ºC by
other means. Which conclusion is correct?
A. The mercury thermometer is the more precise.
B. The alcohol thermometer is the more precise.
C. There is no difference between the thermometers.
D. There is no way to determine precision with these temperatures.
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. A patient weighs 205 pounds, but the weight is to be recorded in kilograms. What is the
patient’s weight in kilograms using whole numbers? (Given: 1 kg = 2.205 lbs)
A. 451 kg
B. 205 kg
C. 100 kg
D. 93 kg
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. The density of ethanol at 20C is 0.791 g/mL. How many milliliters of ethanol correspond
to 12 g of ethanol at 20C?
A. 9 mL
B. 15 mL
C. 0.7 ml
D. 3 mL
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. At 20 C, chloroform (CHCl3) has a density of 1.489 g/mL. What is the mass of 7.52 mL
of chloroform at 20C?
A. 0.198 g
B. 13.4 g
C. 5.05 g
D. 11.2 g
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. How much will the temperature change when 3.0 g of tooth enamel (specific heat = 0.18
cal/gC) absorbs 0.80 cal of heat energy?
A. 2.4 C
B. 17C
C. 1.5 C
D. 8.6 C
5
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. What is the number of 1-1/2 teaspoon doses of a liquid medication in a 250 mL bottle?
(Given 1 tsp = 5 mL)
A. 33 doses
B. 125 doses
C. 167 doses
D. 250 doses
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
27. The instructions for a cough syrup are to give 2 teaspoons every 8 hours. The cough syrup
is supplied in 150-mL bottles. How many bottles must be purchased to treat 3 children for 5
days? (Given 1 tsp = 5 mL).
A. 1 bottle
B. 2 bottles
C. 3 bottles
D. 4 bottles
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
28. A kitten’s normal body temperature is 102 ºF. Express this temperature in ºC.
A. 5.7 ºC
B. 38.9 ºC
C. 56.7 ºC
D. 184 ºC
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
29. A 33.0 g of aluminum is heated on a stove. The temperature of the aluminum increases
from 25C to 120 C. How much heat energy was absorbed? Specific heat of aluminum is
0.0215 cal/gC.
A. 67.4 cal
B. 0.00747 cal
C. 0.619 cal
D. 128 cal
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
30. At 20C, the density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL, and that of water is 1.00 g/mL.
Calculate the specific gravity of ethyl alcohol at 20 C.
A. 0.651
B. 0.789
C. 1.45
D. 6.51
6
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
31. A weather forecaster predicts that the temperature for the day will reach 88F. What is the
Celsius value for the predicted temperature?
A. 88 C
B. 273 C
C. 31 C
D. 304 C
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
32. The temperature of a patient is found to be 38.5C. What is this temperature in F?
A. 96 F
B. 101 F
C. 69F
D. 107F
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
33. A patient having a serious reaction caused by a peanut allergy has a doctor’s order to have
0.240 g of epinephrine. The liquid on hand contains 250 mg/5mL bottle. How many
milliliters of the liquid are required?
A. 4.8 mL
B. 0.0048 mL
C. 12 mL
D. 1.2 mL
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
34. The normal dosage for azinthromycin, an antibiotic, is 3.3 mg/kg. What is the proper dose
for a 150 lb patient? (Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs)
A. 100 mg
B. 224 mg
C. 300 mg
D. 495 mg
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
35. What is the weight of Amphotec®, an antibiotic preparation for aspergillus infection,
necessary for a 135 pound patient at the rate of 3.5 mg/kg per dose? (Given: 1kg = 2.205
lbs)
A. 7.7 mg
B. 61.4 mg
C. 214 mg
D. 2228 mg
7
Section 1.8
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Zenapax® is used as part of immunosuppressive therapy for transplant patients. The dosage
is calculated on the basis of 1.0 mg/kg. What is the proper dose for a 175 lb patient?
(Given: 1kg = 2.205 lbs)
A. 79 mg
B. 175 mg
C. 385 mg
D. 875 mg
True-False Questions
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. True-False: A hypothesis is a statement that proposes an explanation of a set of
observations.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. True-False: A rock at the top of the mountain has greater potential energy than a rock
located at the base of the mountain.
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. True –False: 1 mg is larger than 1 dg.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. True-false: 886.0 has four significant figures.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
41. True–False: Accuracy tells us how close a measurement is to the true value.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
42. True-False: The zeros in 1700.85 cal are not significant.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. True-False: The zeros in 0.00958 cm are not significant.
8
Fill In The Blank Questions
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Easy
44. A statement that explains observable phenomenon and has been tested by experimentation
can be classified as a scientific _____.
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. A scientific _____ describes observable phenomenon.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. When a steak is cooked on a grill the meat undergoes a _____ change.
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: Easy
47. A degree in the Kelvin scale is the same size as a ____ degree.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
48. The value 0.000121 cm has _____ significant figures.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
49. The value 1.000 kg has _____ significant figures.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
50. The value 0.80010 cm has _____ significant figures.
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Easy
51. A series of measurements that are within +/- 0.001 cm of each other would be described as
being very _____.
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
52. 0.4 meters is equal to _____ centimeters.
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
53. Five pounds is ____ grams.
9
Problems
Show all necessary calculations. Round answers to the allowed significant figures. Box
final answers.
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Medium
54.
Identify the following as a theory or law:
_____ a.
water flows downhill
_____ b.
all matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms
_____ c.
when a gas is heated it expands
_____ d.
atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
_____ e.
a sample of gas expands when heated.
Section 1.3
Difficulty Level: Medium
55.
List your height in feet and inches: _____
Convert this height to centimeters:
Section 1.4
Difficulty Level: Easy
56.
Write the following numbers in Scientific Notation.
a.
34.56
c.
0.000890
b.
10700
d.
5600.1
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Medium
57.
Determine the number of significant figures in each value below.
a.
34.56
c.
0.000890
b.
10700
d.
5600.1
10
Section 1.5
Difficulty Level: Hard
58.
Calculate the following and round to the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
(12.00 x 1.5) ÷ .00625
3.61 x 103 ÷ 5.4008 x 10-4
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Easy
59.
Ethanol has a density of 0.78 g/mL. What volume would 500. grams of ethanol occupy?
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
60.
A 1-dollar bill is approximately 6 inches long. What is the length of a dollar bill in
millimeters? (1 inch = 2.54 cm)
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
61.
In a given class, the average male student weighs 185 lbs and the average female student
weighs 125 lbs. What is the difference between the weight of the average male and
average female in kilograms? (2.205 lb = 1 kg)
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Medium
62.
Convert 5.67 x 104 millimeters into centimeters.
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
63.
Iron has a density of 7.86 g/cm3. What is the mass of 12 cm3 of iron?
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
64.
You are traveling in a country that uses the metric system. Your child is sick and a nurse
determines her temperature to be 40.8 ºC. What is this temperature in ºF?
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
65.
You stop to purchase gasoline. The price at the pump is 85 cents/liter. What is this price
in dollars/gallon? (1 gal = 3.785 l)
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
66.
A child with a mass of 35.4 kg has a fever. The proper dosage of acetominophen is 15.0
mg/kg of body weight. How many teaspoons of syrup will you give the child if the syrup
contains 160 mg of acetominophen/teaspoon?
11
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
67.
The high temperature on a given day is 76 ºF. Convert this to Celsius.
Section 1.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
68.
The low temperature on a winter night might be as low as -28 ºC. Convert this
temperature to Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
Section 11.6
Difficulty Level: Hard
69.
A doctor orders tetracycline, 240 mg. The bottle of tetracycline syrup indicates that the
concentration is 120 mg per 5 mL. How many milliliters of syrup do you give the
patient?
Short Answer/Essay Questions
Section 1.1
Difficulty Level: Medium
70.
Distinguish between the terms scientific theory and scientific law and give an example of
each.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
71.
Distinguish between the terms matter and energy.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Easy
72.
Distinguish between the terms potential energy and kinetic energy.
Section 1.2
Difficulty Level: Medium
73.
Describe an analogy between the molecules in the three states of matter and students
found in a lecture hall, in a laboratory, and moving between classes on campus.
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ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
A
B
B
B
A
B
D
C
B
A
B
A
D
C
B
A
C
C
D
B
A
D
B
D
C
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
54.
law
theory
law
theory
law
55.
Answers will vary.
56.
a.
b.
57.
a. 4
b. 3
58.
a.
59.
640 mL
60.
152 mm
61.
27 kg
A
C
B
B
D
B
A
B
C
A
C
True
True
False
True
True
False
True
theory
law
chemical
Celsius
3
4
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
5
precise
40
2270
precise
chemical
law
theory
152 mm
105.4 C
$3.22/gal
27 kg
3.3 tsp
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.456 x 101
1.07 x 104
c.
d.
c. 3
d. 5
2900
b.
6.68 x 106
13
8.90 x 10-4
5.6001 x 103
62.
5.67 x 103 cm
63.
94 g
64.
105.4 C
65.
$3.22/gal
66.
3.3 tsp
67.
24 ºC
68.
-18.4 ºF and 245 K
69.
10 mL
70.
Scientific theories explain phenomenon and scientific laws describe phenomenon.
71.
Matter is anything that has mass and volume while energy is the ability to do work or
transfer heat.
72.
Potential energy is stored energy and kinetic energy is energy due to motion.
73.
Molecules in a solid have fixed positions like students in a lecture hall. Molecules in a
liquid have confined movement like students in a laboratory. Molecules in a gas move
freely like students on campus.
14