CHICAGO STREET DRUGS SLANG
For each street drug identified here, the following information is provided:
An identification and brief explanation of the substance. The explanations are meant
to be brief and focused on general information rather than a discussion of
neurochemistry. The purity of a particular substance will be addressed as well as
those substances that a supplier may substitute for the sought after drug.
Slang Names are provided. For several street drugs, a particular supplier/dealer
may have a particular name for their 'product' or formulation allowing a user to ask
for a particular concoction by name.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using provides demographic data on usage and those
populations or groups that may be more likely to use a particular substance over
another.
How is it Used? Routes of use.
How much does it cost? Included to provide a reference should a user simply refer
to a dollar amount used per day.
Onset and Duration of High. Often will depend on the route by which the drug is
taken. The most common routes of self-administration are addressed.
How can I tell if someone is high? Signs and symptoms of intoxication. The
substances used to cut or dilute the drug may also influence the high.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw? Signs and symptoms of
withdrawal.
Health Consequences related to Use
Some general points:
Many of the drugs discussed here lead to the development of tolerance and
withdrawal. Tolerance refers to the needs to take in ever increasing amounts of a
drug to achieve the same effect. When an individual becomes physically dependent
on a drug, withdrawal symptoms may occur the individual stops taking the drug or
reduces the amount taken. Withdrawal refers to the signs and symptoms that occur
when an individual goes without that particular drug. In general, withdrawal
(physical) from a substance lasts between 3 to 5 days; with the signs and symptoms
often appearing as the reverse of the reason the person was taking the drug for in
the first place. For example, if someone was taking speed and being very energetic,
the withdrawal includes periods of fatigue and tiredness. While withdrawal is
generally a very unpleasant experience, unless the individual is poor health in is
rarely fatal. An exception to this is withdrawal from alcohol or barbiturates, which if
unmanaged medically may be fatal.
Drugs appearing that are abused, and not necessarily associated with dependence,
and thus, have little if any withdrawal symptoms, are: LSD, PCP, Special K,
Rohypnol, GHB, and Marijuana.
The abuse of a substance is not the only factor at play in the development of adverse
health consequences. The health status and living environment of the user play a
significant role. The user who prefers to spend available income on the drug of
choice is at risk for malnutrition, which then may be compounded by the
pharmacological effects of the drug. The user may also be living in an unhygienic
environment, which places her/him at even great risk for the development of an
illness. The injection of drugs, in general, places the user at an increased risk for
local infection due to unsterile needles, HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, the blockage of blood
vessels from adulterant substances, and pulmonary or cardiac infections.
Currently, hazards also appear in terms of the presence of look-alike drugs on the
market. While these drugs may be packaged to appear as amphetamines, sedatives
or hallucinogens, they actually are often large doses of legal substances, such as
caffeine and ephedrine. These look-alike drugs can contribute to the development of
chest pain, nausea, and produce feelings of anxiety and dissociation.
Cocaine/Crack:
Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant similar to amphetamine. In other
words, a kind of speed. Cocaine itself is a white crystalline powder. In this powder
form, cocaine can be injected but not smoked. In order to smoke cocaine the user
must convert the powder into a different form by mixing it with certain chemicals, in
other words by 'freebasing'. Freebasing is a dangerous method of processing powder
cocaine by using ether. Crack is freebased cocaine, just prepared in a different way.
Crack is often prepared using ammonia or baking soda. The name reportedly comes
from the crackling sound heard during smoking. Crack appears as a small chips or
flakes, which may resemble pieces of soap. Cocaine may also be mixed with other
amphetamines and then injected. Some users have been known to mix crack with
marijuana and PCP and then smoke the combination. In the Chicago area
speedballing (combining heroin and cocaine) remains popular. In Chicago, current
purity of street cocaine is believed to be around 68 percent. Cocaine is commonly cut
with sugar, talc powder, and strychnine.
Slang Names for Cocaine
Bernice, Big C, Blow, C, Charlie, Coke, Flake, Jay, Lady, Snow, White Lady.
Slang Names for Crack
Base, Conan, Rock, Toke, White Cloud, White Tornado.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
After marijuana, cocaine is the most popular street drug in the Chicago area. In
1997, about nine percent of high-school seniors reportedly had tried cocaine at least
once. While the classic image of a crack smoker is an older, poor inner city resident,
the current data indicates that a number of suburban teenagers are now smoking
crack. There has also been increased use on the part of the Latino population. In
general, forty percent of all users are in their 20's, with 52 percent of all users being
Caucasian and 36 percent African-American.
How is it Used?
Snorted, Injected, Smoked. Smoking includes freebasing and crack. In the Midwest
approximately 58 percent of all users smoke cocaine while 33 percent snort it.
How much does it cost?
For Crack, between 5-10 dollars a rock. For powder Cocaine around 50 dollars a
gram for low quantity. Around 150 dollars for 1/8 of an ounce. General quantities
sought are 1/32 of an ounce ('half a teen') which goes for between 40-50 dollars.
Onset and Duration of High
The speed of onset depends to a degree on how the drug is taken. For smoked
cocaine, or crack, onset is rapid, within 15-30 seconds, with a peak high of 5-15
minutes. The smoking of cocaine allows for an increased absorption of the drug,
providing a more enhanced high. Yet, the duration of the high is shorter, only 15-20
minutes. Generally, the faster the onset the shorter the duration of the high. Thus,
the user experiences an intense, but brief high. For snorted cocaine, the high may
last from 15 to 30 minutes. Frequency of use can reduce the duration of the high.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The individual experiences a reduction of fatigue, a reported heightening of mental
clarity and increased energy. The individual will also display an increased heart rate,
blood pressure, and dilated pupils. Indicators of use include:
Agitation
Hyperactivity
Grandiosity
Rapid and Pressured Speech
Insomnia
Possible feelings of paranoia
The individual may also experience hallucinations. The hallucinations experienced as
similar to those also experienced by methamphetamine users; the sensation of
crawling bugs. The individual may often scratch at these spots to the points of open
sores being present.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
The individual withdrawing often experiences significant drug craving and fatigue
that may last weeks. Indicators of withdraw include:
Apathy
Anxiety
Depression
Difficulty sleeping with an increased need for Sleep
Fatigue
Nightmares
As the withdrawal period progresses (past 24 hours), the individual may also
experience a loss of interest in any activities and irritability. Withdrawal from cocaine
while unpleasant is not fatal.
Health Consequences related to Use
Snorting of cocaine can lead to the destruction of nasal septum. The individual may
frequently complain of nasal dryness and nosebleeds. Cocaine also has significant
effects on the heart and may lead to the development of an irregular heartbeat and
heart attack. Seizures and temporary strokes have also occurred in those using
cocaine. The cocaine user also can experience a number of side effect/health issues,
which arise from the substances used to dilute or 'cut' the cocaine. Cocaine cut with
strychnine can induce a stroke. Those injecting cocaine face the same risks as those
injecting any drug; the development of abscesses, HIV, Hepatitis.
There is an additional risk to the Cocaine user who is also drinking alcohol. Cocaine
and Alcohol can interact within the liver to produce a substance called cocaethylene.
This substance enhances the effects of cocaine. In turn, this places the user at
greater risk of heart attack and death.
Heroin:
Heroin is part of a family of drugs known as opiates or narcotics. This family of drugs
includes, in addition to heroin, opium, morphine, demerol and codeine. Narcotics are
usually provided for the relief of pain. As part of this family of drugs, heroin not only
provides relief from pain but a sense of profound relaxation. Heroin usually is found
in the form of a white or brownish powder. This powder is then dissolved in water, or
alcohol and injected. Heroin in the Chicago area is currently believed to about 31
percent pure. Substances that heroin is often diluted or 'cut' with other include sugar
and quinine, thiamine and dextromethorphan. Quinine is believed to intensify the
rush associated with heroin.
Slang Names
Bart Simpson, Boy, China Cat, China White, H, Harry, Horse, Junk, Shit, Skag,
Smack, Stuff.
Combinations
Heroin and Crack: Chasing the Dragon, Moonrock, Smoke.
Heroin and Cocaine: Dynamite, Eight Ball, Flamethrower, Goofball, H & C, Murder
One, Snowball, and Speedball.
There are often numerous street names for Heroin depending in part on the dealer
and on the purity of the heroin. Low quality heroin generally is referred to as crap or
garbage. China White actually is the name of synthetic, or designer, fentanyl analog
that is significantly more potent than heroin.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using?
In Chicago the use of heroin continues to increases with increased numbers of
female, younger suburban users and more users who belong to higher socioeconomic
groups. In the early 1990's heroin use among high school students began to
increase. In the Midwest, roughly 63 percent of users are African American, and 71
percent are male. Users under the age of twenty comprise 17 percent of all users
with 33 percent of all users in their 20's and 37 percent in their 30's.
How is it Used?
Snorted. Injected. Smoked. Injection remains the primary method of using heroin
although there has been an increase in the inhalation. Heroin itself is not active
orally. Many new users are choosing to snort/sniff rather than inject.
How much does it cost?
Around 160-175 dollars per gram.
Around 10 dollars for a bag of snortable heroin.
Onset and Duration of High
The effects of heroin generally last for 4-6 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The user often experiences a sense of euphoria ("rush") that is joined by a warm
flushing of the skin, a feeling of heaviness in the extremities and a dry mouth. After
the initial rush passes the user begins "nodding", a state in which the user alternates
between being awake and drowsy. Indicators of use include:
Drowsiness
Euphoria
Poor Motor Control
Slow or Slurred Speech
Mental Confusion
Fresh Injection Marks
Constricted pupils
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
The individual craves the drug, and may experience restlessness, insomnia, and
muscle spasms or pain. The individual has an overall appearance of suffering from
the flu. Other indicators of withdraw include:
Lacrimation (Teary running eyes)
Yawning
Sleep disturbance
Irritability
Possibly tremor
Sweating
Increased Respiratory Rate
As withdrawal progresses past 24 hours, the user may experience nausea, vomiting,
increased tremor, diarrhea and fever.
Health Consequences related to Use
Often the adulterants used to dilute heroin accumulate within the lungs and this in
turn impairs lung function. This may place the user at risk for respiratory arrest.
These substances may accumulate in other organs and even block arteries, leading
to tissue death. Again, those injecting are placed at the same risks as discussed
earlier.
Other Considerations
Many of the substances used to cut heroin can led to the presence of additional
adverse health effects. During 1995-1996, there were a number of deaths in New
York, New Jersey, Philadelphia and Baltimore from heroin that had been cut with
scopolamine. Street names were; Homicide, Point on Point, Polo, Sting, Super Brick.
Methamphetamine:
Methamphetamine is a close relative of amphetamine but produces even greater
effects on the central nervous system. It is a white crystalline powder, easily
dissolvable in water or even alcohol. A smokable form appears as clear chunky
crystals resembling ice is referred to as "ice," "crystal," and "glass."
Methamphetamine reportedly has a distinctive bitter taste. Ice is generally found to
be between 90-100 percent pure methamphetamine.
Slang Names
Chalk, Crank, Croak, Crystal, Fire, Glass, Ice, Meth, Zip
Crank is a general term for any form of methamphetamine. Ice and Glass tend to
refer to smokable forms.
Tweaking is a common term referring to gradually upping of the dosage in order to
achieve a desired high.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
In 1997, approximately five percent of high school seniors had used
methamphetamine at least once. Approximately 5 million people across the United
States have reportedly tried methamphetamine at least once. The use of
methamphetamine is common among factory and industrial workers who may need
to stay "awake" long hours. Methamphetamine remains popular among long distance
truck drivers. Also, due to its reputation as a source significant sexual energy, sex
workers often use it. Usage is greater in the Western States but it is growing in
popularity in Chicago. There are also reports of growing use within the gay and
lesbian community.
How is it Used?
Orally. Snored. Injected. Smoked.
How much does it cost?
For a tenth of a gram, around 50 dollars. For one gram between 200-400 dollars.
Onset and Duration of High
Immediately after smoking or intravenous injection, the methamphetamine user
experiences an intense sensation, called a "rush" or "flash," that lasts only a few
minutes (5-30) and is described as extremely pleasurable. Oral or intranasal use
produces euphoria - a high, but not a rush. Users may become addicted quickly, and
use it with increasing frequency and in increasing doses. The effect can last from 416 hours, depending on the quality of the drug.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The user is using to attain a state of exhilaration, and increased wakefulness. The
individual may also experience hypothermia and increased respirations, in addition to
the increased heart rate and blood pressure traditionally found with amphetamines.
The chronic user may also experience a hallucination of bugs crawling on the skin.
Open sores may be found on the body due to the user trying to scratch off these
hallucinatory bugs. Other indicators of use:
Increased wakefulness
Increased physical activity
Decreased appetite
Euphoria
Irritability
Confusion
Paranoia is not uncommon.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
The person generally appears lethargic and may report feeling apathetic. Other
indicators of withdraw include:
Increased Sleep
Irritability
Non-purposeful movements
Apathy
Anxiety
Depression
Fatigue
Health Consequences related to Use
The user could develop hypothermia and seizures. Methamphetamine is also very
taxing on the heart, with the development of an irregular heartbeat and chest pain.
The user is also at risk for the development of stroke. The injecting user faces the
same risks as the injector of heroin, HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis.
Amphetamines:
Amphetamines are probably better known as speed. They serve as central nervous
system stimulants. Which mean that they increase heart rate, breathing, and give
the person energy. The term amphetamines generally today refer to
dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), methylphenidate (Ritalin) and 2, 5-dimethoxy-4methyamphetamine (DOM, STP). Methamphetamine, due to its popularity and
potency, is discussed separately above. As previously mentioned, look-alike drugs
are often substituted for actual amphetamine.
Slang Names
A, AMT, Bam, Bennies, Black Beauties, Cross-tops, Dexies, Footballs, Hearts, Jollies,
Speed, Ups, Uppers, Wake-ups, Whites.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
White professionals between the ages of 18-25 are the most frequent users of
amphetamines, as opposed to methamphetamine in and of itself.
How is it Used?
Generally taken in pill form or injected. Can be snorted in a powder form.
How much does it cost?
Costs vary depending on how the amphetamines are obtained. A common method is
to drive across the border to Mexico and purchase amphetamines in bulk.
Onset and Duration of High
Amphetamines are generally taken as pills. Thus, there is a longer period of time
until the desired effect occurs. Onset generally begins within 30-40 minutes. Effects
can last for between 4-8 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The person is in a heightened state of alertness with a decreased need for sleep.
Amphetamines increase heart rate, temperature and blood pressure. Other indicators
of use include:
Rapid and tangential Speech
Restless
Anxious
Possibly some tremor
Impaired balance and Coordination
Decreased Appetite
Dilated Pupils
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
The individual experiences many of the same withdraw symptoms seen with cocaine.
Exhaustion
An increased need for Sleep
Extreme hunger
Depression
Anxiety
Nightmares
Withdrawal from amphetamines is not viewed as life threatening unless the
depression of the individual is so great that suicide is contemplated.
Health Consequences related to Use
High blood pressure (hypertension). Respiratory arrest. Tremors. Sexual dysfunction.
MDA, MDMA, and MDEA/ECSTASY:
These substances are also known as designer drugs. Designer drugs are often
prescription drugs, such as amphetamines, which have been modified. Which means
that they are synthetic amphetamines (Such alteration is currently occurring with
heroin as well). MDMA is a synthetic amphetamine that also has mild hallucinogenic
properties. It is capable of influencing the release of neurotransmitters to a higher
degree than amphetamine. Ecstasy proper is MDMA, but often on the street MDA and
MDEA are commonly substituted. Other drugs often sold under the Ecstasy name:
amphetamine, caffeine, and ketamine, PCP. While MDA
(methylenedioxyamphetamine) and MDMA (methylebedioxymethamphetamine) have
been sold as 'ecstasy', each provides a different effect. MDMA provides more
amphetamine like effects with mild hallucinogenic properties, while MDA is a much
more powerful hallucinogenic, similar in effect to LSD. Ecstasy is generally believed
to produce feelings of emotional warmth or closeness and to reduce inhibitions.
Slang Names
Adam, ecstasy, XTC
Frequency of Use/Who is using?
The use of ecstasy began with college students who used it as substitute for alcohol.
Users tend to be younger adults and adolescents, who often use the drug in club or
party settings. In 1997, approximately seven percent of high seniors reported having
used ecstasy at least once in their lives.
How is it used?
Orally (as a pill). Snorted. Smoked. Injected.
How much does it cost?
From 20 to 30 dollars a dose.
Onset and Duration of High
Taken orally effects begin within 30 minutes, with a peak effect within 1-2 hours.
Effects generally last from 8 to 12 hours.
How can I tell that someone is high?
As derivatives of amphetamines, the effects are similar. The individual experiences
an increased BP and pulse. Pupils will often be dilated. Other indicators of use
include:
Sensory Distortions
Increased Energy
Clinging or Close Attachment
How can I tell that someone is starting to withdraw?
After using ecstasy user have reported experiencing fatigue and exhaustion in
conjunction with depression. For the chronic user, withdrawal symptoms would be
similar to those describe under amphetamines.
Health Consequences related to Use
As Ecstasy is derived from amphetamine, many of the health consequences are
those common to the amphetamines; a rapid and irregular heart beat, anxiety and
possible paranoia.
Additional Considerations
There is a substance on the market HERBAL ECSTASY, available under the names of
Cloud 9, and Rave Energy. This substance is available in pill form and is generally a
combination of caffeine and ephedrine. Ephedrine is a legally available stimulant
often found in combination medications used for cold and flu symptoms.
Sedatives/Barbiturates:
This group of medication represents a large class of drugs used in the treatment of
anxiety and insomnia. Included in this category are barbiturates (Seconal, Nembutal)
and benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan). These medications may be taken at times as
a substitute or alcohol for they posses many of the some central nervous system
depressing effects as alcohol. With sedatives, effects are very dose dependent. A
small dose may produce a feeling of relaxation while a larger dose may induce sleep.
Slang Names
Barbs, Beans, Block Busters, Downers, Red Devils, Reds and Blues, Sleepers, Yellow
Jackets.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
While barbiturates do not have the popularity they once held, they are still common
as sleep aids, or to bring someone down from an amphetamine high. It is not
uncommon for a habitual amphetamine user to use barbiturates in the evening to
allow sleep and then use an amphetamine to get going again. At times used in
combination with heroin for an enhanced high.
How is it Used?
Usually taken orally, but can be injected.
How much does it cost?
As with standard amphetamines, it depends on how they are obtained. If obtained
legally through a prescription the cost is usually higher.
Onset and Duration of High
Generally takes 20-30 minutes for effects to begin if taken orally. If injected effects
are experienced within 2-5 minutes. Depending on the particular drug, effects can
last 4-8 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
Generally taken for an alcohol-like effect. A general calming or relaxation. Other
indicators of use include:
Reduction of anxiety
Lethargy
Impaired balance and coordination
Rapid, random eye movements
Impaired judgment
Dilated pupils
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
Withdraw can occur from cessation of the drug, or from a reduction in dosage. Pulse
and blood pressure will increase and the individual will probably display some
tremor. Other indicators of withdraw include:
Restlessness
Insomnia
Anxiety
Loss of appetite
Sweating
Seizures, especially with the abrupt cessation of benzodiazepines
Health Consequences related to Use
The use of sedatives in conjunction with alcohol can be fatal. The withdraw from
sedatives can be fatal if not managed medically. Respiratory arrest may occur.
Inhalants:
Inhalants are chemical fumes or vapors that are intentionally inhaled in order to
produce a high. There are several categories of inhalants, with an increasingly
popularity in the use of medical gases (ether, halothane, nitrous oxide).
Forms of Inhalants abused include:
Cleaning Agents or Glue (model airplane glue, nail polish remover, paint thinner,
gasoline, scotchgard). Gases and cleaning fluids generally produce a mild high
similar to the drinking of alcohol. In other words, there is a central nervous
depressing effect.
Art or Office Supplies (felt-tip markers, White-out).
Gases (butane lighters, Freon, propane, whipping cream aerosol).
Nitrites (Amyl nitrite, Butyl nitrite, Cyclohexyl nitrite). Nitrites provide a mild
euphoria and alter the individual's sense of time.
Anesthetic gases produce a mild central nervous depressant effect, inducing a "high"
similar to alcohol.
Slang Names
Amyl nitrite. Also Amies, Amyes, Amys, Poppers, Snappers.
Butyl nitrite is often identified as: Locker Room or Rush.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
In 1997, approximately seven percent of high school seniors reported the use of
inhalants during the previous year. Another study found that 21 percent of eighth
grade students reported the use of inhalants at least once. As inhalants as cheap and
readily available, young children and preadolescents are likely users. Use tends to
most prevalent around 13-15 years of age.
Certain ethnic groups are more likely to use inhalants than others. American Indian
and Latino groups have a higher percentage of inhalant abuse. Males are more likely
to use inhalants than are females. Nitrite abusers tend to be slightly older, between
20-35 years of age. Homosexual males are identified as frequent users of nitrite
inhalants due to their reputation as enhancing sexual performance.
How is it Used?
Inhaled. A plastic bag, or other device, may be placed around the head to allow the
user to inhale the fumes in a more concentrated manner; this is generally referred to
as 'huffing'.
How much does it cost?
Inhalants are generally inexpensive substances. Nitrous Oxide is generally available
for five dollars a hit (or balloon).
Onset and Duration of High
The "high" from inhalants tends to be short or can last several hours if used
repeatedly. For Nitrates, the effects generally last from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The individual may display evidence of recent use in terms of the presence of
marker, paint or marks on face, clothes and hands. The individual can also
experience coughing, sneezing and nosebleeds associated with the inhalation of the
substance. Heart and respiratory rates tend to drop after the taking or aerosol
inhalants. Other Indicators of use:
Drunk Like Appearance
Impaired Coordination and Balance
Slurred Speech
A Loss of Appetite
Sores around mouth or nose
If the individual is inhaling with a device around the head, and experiences nausea
and vomiting, the individual may breath on the vomit and suffocate to death. The
individual may also depresses the central nervous system enough that the individual
stops breathing.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
Inhalants are not viewed as substances to which an individual becomes dependent.
Health Consequences related to Use
Suffocation may occur from inhaling from a plastic bag or other device. The repeated
inhaling of toxic substances can lead to kidney and liver damage. Certain inhalants
can also depress the immune system. Hearing loss may occur with recurrent use of
paints and glues. Loss of sensation in the extremities may develop with the
inhalation of nitrous oxide.
LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide):
Hallucinogens are substances that cause the release of certain, or several,
neurotransmitters causing a general excitation of the central nervous system, which
in turn, produces hallucinations and mood change. There are three main
hallucinogens currently encountered in and around Chicago. LSD is the most
frequently abused hallucinogen and is white powder that induces hallucinations and
at times, panic and anxiety. The effects of LSD are strongly influenced by the mental
mindset of the individual and the surrounding environment. As LSD influences the
release of the brain's own neurotransmitters, the mind set or expectations, the user
has for the drug aid in determining the nature of the experience the user has.
Slang Names
Acid, Barrels, Big D, Blotter, Cap, Cid, Detergent, Flash, L, Mellow yellow, Microdots,
Mind, Paper acid, Sacrament, Sandoz, Sugar, Sunshine, Ticket, Windowpane, Yello.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using?
Experiencing resurgence in popularity, especially on college campuses. Often taking
will-watching movies that are particularly vivid in nature, in order to guide the nature
of the trip.
How is it Used?
Taken orally or smoked when mixed with another substance.
How much does it cost?
4-10 dollars per hit/dose.
Ten dollars for gel tabs.
Onset and Duration of High?
Effects being within one hour of oral ingestion with effects can last up to 6 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The individual will experience hallucinations and altered perceptions. Alterations
include distortions of time and space, and feeling of depersonalization. A number of
users report experiencing a heightened sense of awareness. Generally hallucinogens
increase both heart rate and blood pressure. Sweating, nervousness and insomnia
are common and related to pharmacological effects of LSD.
Negative experiences associated with LSD include:
Mood Labiality
Dizziness
Loss of sensation in the extremities
A "bad trip" or panic reaction occurring while under the influence of LSD.
The Bad Trip
The individual on LSD may develop feelings of fear, agitation or confusion that are
overwhelming in nature. The bad trip includes hallucinations that are frightening in
nature. The best approach is to try and remove any disturbing stimuli that may have
contributed to the development of a 'bad' trip. Talking to the individual in a calm
manner and reassuring her/him as to their personal safety is paramount.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
LSD generally is not associated with characteristic withdrawal symptoms.
Health Consequences related to Use
Seizures, Hypothermia. Flashbacks may occur for months afterward. The individual
may develop a permanent psychotic state.
PCP (Phencyclidine):
A white crystalline powder that reportedly has a distinctive bitter taste. PCP was first
developed as an animal tranquilizer. Often mixed with marijuana, methamphetamine
and even LSD. Commonly mixed with marijuana and smoked.
LSD is rarely mixed with marijuana, for the heat produced from the smoking of
marijuana would destroy the LSD. PCP is thus more commonly mixed with
marijuana. PCP is taken for the induction of hallucinations in conjunction with
feelings of numbness and depersonalization.
Slang Names
Angel dust, DOA, Dust, Elephant, Killerjoints, Hog, Ozone, Peace pill, Rocket fuel,
Supergrass, Tic tac, Tranquilizer, Wack.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
PCP use is higher on the East Coast. The use of PCP has fallen in the Chicago area,
but it is still used, predominately by African-American males between the age of 2040.
How is it Used?
Taken orally or smoked.
How much does it cost?
Between 50-100 dollars for a quarter ounce.
Onset and Duration of High
The drug begins to have an effect within 2 to 5 minutes of smoking. Peak effect is
15-30 minutes with duration of effect for about 4-6 hours. Orally, ingestion produces
an effect with 30-60 minutes. Peak effect is then within 4-6 hours with a duration of
effect of up to 24 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
PCP can often induce a rage state in which a user is paranoid, agitated an
aggressive. The use of PCP can also lead to the following indicators:
Confusion
Euphoria
Hallucinations
Paranoia
Agitation
Apparent Enhancement of Strength
Reduction in ability to sense pain
Rage reaction
Dilated Pupils
Rapid, random eye movements
Muscle Rigidity
The user may also experience an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and a less
acute increase in respirations.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
PCP as with other hallucinogens is not viewed as a substance to which dependence is
developed. Clinically, frequent users have been observed to be confused, paranoid
and aggressive for days after the cessation of use.
Health Consequences related to Use
High doses of PCP have been associated with a drop in pulse rate, blood pressure
and respiration. The anesthetic effects of PCP may then contribute to respiratory
arrest. Seizures have been reported in some users. Chronic PCP use may contribute
to the development of a psychotic disorder.
Special K (Ketamine Hydrochloride):
Ketamine is a white powder hallucinogen originally developed as an animal
tranquilizer. It is converted from its liquid form by cooking or drying the liquid on a
stove or in an oven. It produces profound hallucinations with a sense of
depersonalization. Ketamine is often a combination of several other substances with
little actual Ketamine in the compound.
Slang Names
Breakfast cereal, Cat Valium, K, Ket, Ketalar, Ketaject, Kit Kat, Vitamin K,
Psychedelic heroin, Super K.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
Currently popular on the club scene although less so than ecstasy.
How is it Used?
Snorted, smoked or injected (often intramuscularly, as opposed to intravenous).
How much does it cost?
Generally around 20 to 40 dollars per dose. General dosing is around 300-375
milligrams orally and 100 milligrams intramuscularly.
Onset and Duration of High
Taken intramuscularly, Ketamine will begin to produce an effect in less than 2
minutes. Taken orally effects will begin between 5-15 minutes. Intranasal, effects
begin within 5-10 minutes. Effects last generally from 30 minutes to 2 hours, but
may continue for up to 4-6 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
Ketamine is partial taken for the inductions of dissociate feelings. Users frequent
report an out-of-body type experience. As Ketamine has anesthetic properties, there
is a reduction of pain sensation as with PCP. There is a reported reduction in feelings
of tension and anxiety with some users reporting feelings of boredom. Indicators of
use:
Feelings of Numbness and detachment
A Sense of invulnerability
Slurred speech
Reduced pain perception
Impaired Coordination and Balance
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
Ketamine is currently not believed to a substance to which individuals develop
dependence. Although tolerance does appear to develop.
Health Consequences related to Use
The individual is at risk for injury due to a reduction of pain sensation and a loss of
inhibitory control. Cases of respiratory arrest have been reported. Large doses have
been associated with seizures.
Rohypnol (Flunitrazepan):
A sedative from the same class of mediation as Valium but which is ten times more
powerful. The drug is illegal in the United States but easily obtainable in Mexico and
other countries. When used legally, it is used for the treatment of insomnia. Illegally
it is often used to sedate someone for the purposes of a sexual assault. It also has
been taken to enhance the high of, and serve as a substitute for, heroin.
Slang Names
The date rape drug, the forget pill, R2, rib, roach, roofies, rope, rophies, ruffies.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
Popular on the club scene, especially in the South and Southwest. Frequently used in
combination with others drugs, especially alcohol and heroin. Amphetamines and
Cocaine users have used the drug to ease the 'crash' experienced as they come
down off speed/coke.
How is it Used?
Taken orally. The pill may easily be crushed and placed in some ones drink. There is
no taste or odor to Rohypnol once it is dissolved in the alcohol.
How much does it cost?
General between 2-5 dollars for a single dose. Therapeutic dosage is .5 to 2 mg for
sleep.
Onset and Duration of High
Effects begin within 10-30 minutes, with a peak of 2 hours and last up to 8 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
The person is dizzy, disoriented, difficulty speaking and moving, passes out, with no
memory of what happened.
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
Rohypnol can cause dependence, as do the other medications in the Valium family. If
a person has been taking the medication and stops abruptly, he/she may experience
withdraw. In such cases indicators of withdraw include:
Anxiety
Restlessness
Irritability
Confusion
Seizures
Health Consequences related to Use
Rape. The combination of alcohol and Rohypnol can be lethal.
GHB (Gamma hydroxybutyric acid):
Used in recent years on the part of athletes to enhance muscle growth and
development. Not a steroid itself, but does stimulate the release of growth hormone
within the body. A dose of GHB that is only twice the dosage necessary to achieve
the desired high is enough to knock out or sedate a user. Usually found in a powder
form, or premixed into a liquid. The fact that it is tasteless and odorless when mixed
with alcohol has lead to some use as a date rape drug.
Slang Names
Georgia homeboy, Grievous bodily harm, Liquid X, Liquid Ecstasy, Scoop.
There are also designer versions of GHB currently available.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
Popular on the club or rave scene. Taken for its supposed aphrodisiac effects.
How is it Used?
Snorted, Smoked, or taken Orally (liquid or tablet form).
How much does it cost?
Around 5-10 dollars per dose.
Onset and Duration of High
Onset is within 5-20 minutes. With effects that generally lasts between 1 to 3 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
Taken to induce a feeling of relaxation or tranquility. Rumored to have aphrodisiac
like effects in that it contributes to a feeling of emotional warmth and closeness.
Other indicators of use:
Relaxation
Drowsy Appearance
Giddiness
Slowed Speech
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
Not known to be associated with any withdraw symptoms.
Health Consequences related to Use
Respiratory arrest, Seizures. Rape.
Marijuana:
A plant native to North America that is smoked for its mind-altering effects. Often
crack, PCP, opium, heroin or embalming fluids are added to the marijuana to
enhance a high.
Slang Names
Grass, Joint, Mary Jane, Pot, Reefer, Roaches, Skunk.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
In Chicago, marijuana smokers tend to be male (72%), Caucasian (60%) and
younger.
How is it Used?
Most common route of usage is by smoking. At times marijuana is eaten or added to
food (brownies, etc.).
How much does it cost?
Varies greatly in relation to quality. Between 100-600 dollars an ounce. Between 320 dollars per joint/blunt depending on size and quality.
Onset and Duration of High
As a smoked substance, marijuana tends to have a quick onset. Initial effects can be
experienced within 8-9 seconds of use. Peak effect is generally within 10-20 minutes
with duration of 2-3 hours.
How can I tell if someone is high?
Marijuana is smoked in order to experience a sense of relaxation or euphoria. The
physiological effects of marijuana include an increased heart rate. Indicators of use
include:
Euphoria
Relaxed Inhibitions
Disorientation
Gait Imbalance
Impaired Coordination and Balance
Impaired or Divided Attention
Time Distortion
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
Marijuana is not considered a substance to which there is a characteristic withdrawal
symptomatology. There is a debate regarding the existence of a 'motivational
syndrome' in chronic users. The syndrome is characterized by a decreased ability to
complete tasks or engage in goal directed behaviors. Some authors argue that the
syndrome is a personality characteristic that exists prior to chronic use, while others
feel that it results from use.
Health Consequences related to Use
Marijuana smoke contains many of the same carcinogen substances as cigarette
tobacco, but in higher concentrations. Chronic use can then contribute to the
development of bronchitis and emphysema.
Steroids:
Steroid are substances taken to increase size and strength of muscles. They are also
often used to speed the healing process. Several other drugs have been used in the
belief that they enhance athletic performance. This includes GHB, amphetamines,
and Clenbuterol.
Slang Names
Steroids in current usage are, Clostebol, dehydrochlormethytestoserone,
mesterolone, methenlone, and nandrolone.
Frequency of Use/Who is Using
In 1997, just over two percent of high school seniors reported having used anabolic
steroids at least once. Users tend to be athletes, either using to increase strength or
to speed recuperation from an injury.
How is it Used?
Orally as pills or injected. Often the individual will begin by taking orally steroids. The
oral steroids are convenient but do not have the some duration of effect as injectable
steroids. Often, to avoid detection through the use of screening tests, the individual
may stop injecting, and switch to pills around 4-6 weeks prior to an athletic event.
Injectable steroids are injected into muscle rather than used intravenously. The
steroid is then slowly released from the muscle and can have duration of effect that
lasts months. The injectable form is also better tolerated by the body than oral
steroids.
How much does it cost?
Depends upon the method used to obtain.
Onset and Duration of High
Steroids can have duration of effect that lasts weeks.
How can I tell if someone is high?
While there is no high per se, there are a number of adverse side effects. Indicators
of abuse include:
Increased Aggression
Severe Acne
Rapid muscle and weight gain
High blood pressure
Problems with sexual performance
How can I tell if someone is starting to withdraw?
There is no withdrawal per se from steroids. However, there are a number of adverse
side effects that may occur with a cessation in the use of steroids:
Depression
Mood changes, with a tendency toward aggressiveness
A rapid loss of weight and muscle size/tone.
Long-term health consequences
Health Consequences related to Use
Sterility may ultimately result from chronic steroid use. The individual may also
experience liver and kidney failure. As with any injected drug, the user is at risk for
infection, HIV/AIDS if needles are shared, hepatitis. The chronic steroid user may
also experience a destruction of tendon and a reduction in the amount of bone. For
males, there can be a shrinking of testicles and a reduction in sperm count. For
females, there can be a growth of facial hair and a cessation of the menstrual cycle.