INTRODUCTORY HYDRAULICS
(GENERAL HYDRAULICS)
(SYLLABUS)
University of Petrosani
Faculty: The Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
Programm Level: Undergraduate
Specialization(s): Mining Engineering
Number of ETCS credits awarded: 4
Class Objectives:
 The course objective is to address in a natural sequence most representative concepts related
to chapters: statics, kinematics, and dynamics.
 Students will assimilate knowledge about the laws that govern fluid motion and rest, methods
of study as well as their technical applications.
 Learning and applying the concepts, methods, techniques and tools for basic exploration of
field of hydraulics.
Lectures content:
Content
Introduction. The concept of fluid. Continuity hypothesis. Units. Dimensional
analysis and similitude (dimensional analysis).
Dimensional analysis and similarity (similarity). The physical properties of
fluid (density and specific weight, specific volume, compressibility, thermal
expansion).
Physical properties of the fluid (equation of state, cavitation, surface tension,
capillarity, the formation of droplets).
Transport phenomena. Fluid statics. Principle of solidification.
Euler's equation. Static pressure head. General equation for variation of
pressure in a static fluid. Consequences of equilibrium equations. Variation of
pressure vertically in a fluid under gravity. Consequences of hydrostatic law.
The energetic interpretation of hydrostatic law. Geometric and graphical
interpretation of the law of hydrostatics. Pressure diagrams. Forces on planar
bodies.
Forces on curved bodies. Buoyant forces on submerged bodies. Determination
of the volume of a body by weighing. Floating bodies. Initial stability of
floating and submerged bodies.
Relative location of reference points. Meta-centre. Meta-centric height.
Methods of improving initial stability. Densitometry. Relative equilibrium of
fluids.
Relative equilibrium of a liquid in a vessel rotating around a vertical axis.
Relative equilibrium of a liquid in a vessel involved in a translational
movement. Kinematics of fluid. Kinematic parameters. Lagrangian and
Eulerian specifications.
The particle derivative. Streamline, path line and streak line. Linear and shear
strain rate. Vorticity an circulation.
Stokes's theorem. Flow rate, average speed. Continuity equation. Fluid
dynamics. Euler's equation.
Bernoulli's equation for an ideal fluid. Geometric explanation of Bernoulli's
equation. The fundamental equation of the turbo machines. Applications of
Bernoulli's equation for incompressible ideal fluid (orifice in a tank, Pitot tube,
Pitot-Prandtl tube).
Applications of Bernoulli's equation for incompressible ideal fluid (Venturi
tube, ejector).Momentum theorem. Conservation of momentum. Momentum
Number of lectures
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
principle for a fixed volume. Angular momentum principle for a fixed volume.
Applications: jet action on walls, Euler's equations for turbines.
Navier-Stokes equation. Pipe flow. Energy losses in pipe flow. Local losses.
Problems
1
Practical class content:
Content
Safety procedures. Lab induction. Work procedures.
Viscosity measurements.
Checking the accuracy class of manometers.
Checking the accuracy class of vacuummeters.
Mano-vacuummetric panel.
Reynolds experiment. Laminar and turbulent flow.
Jet action on walls
Flow rate measuring using diaphragm.
Flow rate measuring using rotameters.
Calibration of a diaphragm using Pitot-Prandtl tube.
Differential pressure gauge.
Multiple fluid pressure gauge.
Flow rate measuring using ultrasonic clamp-on flow meter.
Final evaluation and testing for practical classes.
Number of classes
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Grading Policy:
The student pass the class if obtain more than 50 points from 100 points.
Classroom Rules of Conduct:
 Turn off (or place on vibrate) cell phones and pagers during class
 Food and beverages are not permitted in classroom
 During exams, the use of cell phones, pagers, PDAs, or any other electronic devices is strictly
prohibited
Lecturer: Ion DOSA