Geophysical Science Review for the Midterm
Introduction to Science
1.
__?__ is a system of knowledge based on facts and principles.
2.
__?__is the application of science to meet human needs.
3.
Chemistry and physics are examples of __?__.
4.
Geology and meteorology are examples of__?__.
5.
A__?__ is a tested possible explanation of a natural event.
6.
A __?__ is a summary of an observed natural event.
7.
The __?__ is a series of logical steps used to in order to solve problems.
8.
Scientists test new ideas by performing __?__.
9.
During an experiment only one__?__ or change is tested at a time.
10.
An experiment that generates lots of data is usually plotted on a __?__.
Motion and Forces
11.
How fast something moves is determined by its __?__.
12.
To find the speed of a body, you must measure __?__ and __?__.
13.
When an object covers equal distances in equal amounts of time, it is moving at __?__.
14.
The graph of a faster moving object like a jet is __?__ than a slower object like a walking person.
15.
The speed of a wheel chair racer can be found by dividing __?__ by __?__.
16.
The word used to describe the speed AND direction of a body is __?__.
17.
The velocity of a body changes if its speed or __?__ changes.
18.
The product of __?__ and __?__ is called momentum
19.
An object with more __?__ would be more difficult to stop.
20.
The law of conservation of momentum states that the total amount of momentum in a collision is
__?__. In other words the total momentum of two cars before a collision is the __?__ as the total
momentum after the collision.
21.
Any change in speed or velocity is called __?__.
22.
If the __?__ of a bicycle increases very gradually, its acceleration is small.
23.
A bicycle traveling at constant speed but changing __?__ still is acceleration.
24.
To calculate acceleration, divide the change in __?__ by __?__.
25.
A __?__ is the cause of acceleration or change in velocity.
26.
The combination of all forces acting on an object is called the __?__.
27.
__?__ act in opposite directions and completely cancel each other.
28.
__?__ act in opposite directions but do not cancel each other.
29.
__?__is an example of an unbalanced force that can slow down the speed of a car.
30.
Friction varies depending the __?__ in contact.
31.
__?__is a type of friction that depends upon the interaction between the surface of a moving
body and the air molecules.
32.
The force of attraction between two particles due to their mass is called __?__.
33.
The force of gravity between two objects depends on their __?__ and the __?__ between the two
objects.
34.
The gravity between two objects is noticed when the mass of one object like the earth is
very__?__.
35.
__?__is the tendency for an object at rest to remain at rest or if moving, to continue moving with
constant velocity.
36.
However, if an unbalanced force acts on an object, we know that the object will__?__.
37.
Newton’s Second Law calculates the force acting on an object by multiplying __?__ times
__?__.
38.
Force is measured in a unit called __?__ which is a kg m/s2
39.
When gravity is the only force acting on a body, it is said to be in __?__.
40.
During free fall the speed of all bodies __?__ regardless of their __?__.
41.
This means that if you drop a light book and a heavy rock from the same height, they would hit
the ground at the same __?__.
42.
The acceleration a body feels during free fall is called __?__.
43.
To calculate the force of gravity or weight, multiple __?__ times __?__.
Work, Power and Machines
44.
A quantity that measures the effects of force acting over a distance is called __?__.
45.
The units of work are __?__ which is a newton meter.
46.
__?__ is the rate at which work is done or how fast work is done.
47.
A machine makes it easier to do __?__ by redirecting or multiplying forces.
48.
__?__ is the term used to describe how much force or distance is multiplied by a machine.
49.
There are __?__ types of simple machines divided into two families, the __?__ and the __?__.
50.
The lever family includes __?__, __?__ and __?__.
51.
The incline plane family includes __?__, __?__, and __?__.
52.
When work is done , then an object gains __?__.
53.
A stretched slingshot stores energy in the form called __?__ .
54.
There are two types of potential energy: __?__ and __?__.
55.
The energy an object has because of it motion is called __?__.
56.
The __?__ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
57.
This means that potential energy can become __?__ and kinetic energy can become __?__.
Waves
58.
A __?__ is a disturbance that carries energy through matter or space.
59.
The matter through which a wave travels is called the __?__.
60.
Waves that require a medium are called __?__.
61.
A type of wave that does not require a medium is a __?__ wave.
62.
Most waves are caused by __?__.
63.
__?__ waves have perpendicular motions.
64.
__?__ waves cause the particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of motion.
65.
Light waves are an example of __?__ waves and sound waves are an example of __?__ waves.
66.
The highest points on a transverse wave is called a __?__.
67.
The lowest points on a transverse wave is called a __?__.
68.
The height of a wave is known as the __?__ and indicates the __?__ of a wave.
69.
The distance from one crest to another crest is called the __?__.
70.
The number of vibrations of a wave each second is known as the __?__.
71.
To measure a wave’s speed, multiply __?__ by __?__.
72.
__?__ occurs when waves bounce off a surface.
73.
__?__ occurs when waves bend around a surface.
74.
__?__ occurs when waves bend through a surface.
75.
__?__ occurs when two waves meet and add or cancel energies.
76.
All sounds are caused by __?__matter.
77.
The loudness of a sound is determined by the energy of a wave called its __?__.
78.
The loudness of a sound is measured in units called __?__.
79.
The highness or lowness of a sound is called __?__.
80.
The pitch is caused by the__?__ of the vibrating body.
81.
When the body vibrates quickly, the sound we hear is __?__.
82.
The range of human hearing is from __?__ to __?__ cycles per second.
83.
__?__ give every instrument its unique sound and allow musicians to play chords.
84.
__?__ occurs when the sound is amplified by the two objects that are vibrating at the same
frequency.
85.
In order to hear, sounds cause the __?__ to vibrate. These vibrations are transferred to the __?__
by the bones of the middle ear where nerve endings send a message to the __?__.
Light
86.
Light can be described as a __?__ or a __?__. This is called the duality of light.
87.
In the particle model of light, packets of energy are called __?__.
88.
The brightness of light depends upon a light wave’s __?__ but the energy of a light wave
depends on its __?__.
89.
The range of light waves emitted from a luminous source is called the __?__.
90.
Name the eight regions of the electromagnetic spectrum include from longest to shortest
wavelengths:
91.
The region of light that we see is called the __?__.
92.
Light waves shorter than visible light are called __?__; light waves longer than visible light are
called __?__.
93.
The law of reflection states that the angle of reflected light __?__ the angle of incident light.
94.
To measure the angle of reflection and incidence,you must construct a perpendicular called a
__?__.
95.
White light is made up of __?__colors. A green plant only reflects __?__ light.
96.
When light intersect a boundary at an angle, it bends or __?__.
97.
__?__ are curved pieces of glass that bend light to make images bigger or smaller.
98.
When a candle is brought closer to a lens, it image becomes __?__.
99.
The lens of the eye produces an image that is __?__ and __?__on the retina.
100.
A __?__ can bend white light and separate it into the colors of the rainbow.
101.
Topographic maps show ______________or 3-d landforms.
102.
The closer the lines on a topo map, the __________the land.
103.
Rivers are indicated by blue on a contour map. The land features of v’s will point ___________.
104.
Opposite charges will ____________.
105.
Ohms measure ____________in a circuit.
106.
The potential difference of charge is called___________in a circuit
107.
voltage and ___________are inversely related in ohm’s law.
108.
Current moves through a ______________.
109.
Draw a parallel circuit.
110.
Draw a series circuit.
111.
A _____________is a safety device that prevents circuits from overloading.
Honors students:
The chapter #’s do not correspond with your textbook.
Scroll beyond the table to secure the rest of the review.
See below
Chapter 1
earth science
experiments
graph
physical science
science
Chapter 8
accelerate
acceleration
acceleration
air resistance
balanced forces
scientific law
scientific method
scientific theory
technology
variable
conserved
constant speed
direction
direction
distance
distance
distance
force
free fall
free fall acceleration
free fall acceleration
friction
gravity
increase
inertia
large
Chapter 11 Waves
amplitude
crests
diffraction
electromagnetic wave
frequency
frequency
intensity
interference
longitudinal
longitudinal
mechanical waves
medium
reflection
refraction
transverse
transverse
troughs
vibrations
wave
wavelength
wavelength
Chapter 9
mass
mass
mass
mass
masses
momentum
net force
newton
speed
speed
speed
steeper
surfaces
time
time
time
time
unbalanced forces
velocity
velocity
Chapter 12.1 Sound
20
20000
brain
cochlea
decibels
eardrum
harmonics
high
intensity
pitch
resonance
vibrating
6
elastic
energy
gravitational
incline planes
inclined plane
family
joule
kinetic energy
kinetic energy
law of conservation of energy
lever family
levers
mehanical advantage
potential energy
potential energy
power
pulleys
screws
wedges
wheels and axles
work
work
Chapter 12.2 Light
visible waves
all
AM/FM waves
bigger
electromagnetic spectrum
equals
frequency
gamma rays
green
infrared waves
infrared waves
intensity
Lenses
ultraviolet
microwaves
waves
normal
particle
Waves
photons
Xrays
prism
radio waves
visible spectrum
refracts
smaller and up side down
ultraviolet