Chapter: Scientific Inquiry
Science
Branches of science
Scientific inquiry
definition and steps
critical thinking
bias
theory vs law
measurement tools and SI units
density
types of graphs
independent vs dependent variable
control vs constant
accuracy and precision
models
Chapter 1: Motion
motion
reference point & position
describing position in 2D
Displacement vs. distance
Distance/time graph
Speed
Formula and units
Constant vs Instantaneous
average speed
scalar quantity
Velocity
Velocity/time graphs
vector quantity
Acceleration
Formula & units
Relationships
Chapter 2: Laws of Motion
Force
contact vs noncontact
formula and units
Relationship with mass and acceleration
Newton
Newton’s three Laws of Motion
2nd Law formula
relationship between acceleration, balance of forces, & mass
Forces
balanced vs unbalanced
net force
force pairs
Inertia
Gravity
value on earth?
Law of Universal Gravitation
Gravitational forces
depends on mass and distance
Weight
depends on distance from center of Earth
formula and units
Centripetal forces
Friction
types
reducing friction
Air resistance
Freefall
Terminal velocity
Momentum
formula & units
Law of Conservation of Momentum
Collisions
elastic
inelastic
total momentum (before & after) is equal
Projectile motion
Chapter 3: Work and Simple Machines
work and power
formulas & units
factors affecting work
input vs output forces
input vs output work
Simple machines
how machine make work easier
6 types of machines
levers
first class, second class, & third class
examples
parts of simple machines
fulcrum,.....
compound machines
examples
mechanical advantage
ideal vs actual
formula and units?
efficiency
formula & units?
Chapter 4: Forces and Fluids
Fluids
gases & liquids
pressure
formula & units
direction of pressure in fluids
relationship between pressure & area
atmospheric pressure
underwater pressure
density
factors affecting density
buoyant force
in air
in water
affect of pressure
of weight
of density
Archimede’s principle
Pascal”s principle
hydraulic lifts
Bernoulli’s Principle
drag force
Chapter 5: Energy & Energy Resources
Kinetic energy
SI Units
Formula and relationship
Potential energy
types of PE
SI Units
Formula for gravitational PE
Transfer of energy = work
types of energy
energy transformations
Law of Conservation of Energy
sources of energy
renewable vs nonrenewable
advantages & disadvantages of resources
conservation of energy
Chapter 6: Thermal Energy
Thermal energy
temperature & measurement
heat
Three types of energy transfer
conduction
medium used
examples
conductors
insulators
thermal contraction vs expansion
examples
convection
convection currents
mediums used
examples
radiation
examples
solar collectors
heat movers
refrigerator
heat engines
internal combustion engine
know 4 stroke cycle – p. 218
intake
compression
ignition
expansion
heat pumps
modern air conditioners
Chapter 7: Foundations of Chemistry
Classification of Matter p.236
Physical and chemical properties
States of matter
Volume, shape,…
sublimation, condensation, …(ch.8)
size dependent properties
size independent properties
Tyndall effect
Melting pt., boiling pt.,
Physical and chemical changes
signs of chemical changes
Law of Conservation of Mass
how is rate of chemical reactions affected
Chapter 9: Understanding the Atom
Atom and parts
Quarks
Atomic Models & scientists
Atomic number
Average atomic mass
Isotopes vs ions
Radioactivity and types of decay
Chapter 10: Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev & development of periodic table
Periods and families/groups
Metals, nonmetals,…
Alkali, alkali earth, ….
Periodic table trends
general properties of groups
Chapter 11: Elements & Chemical Bonds
electrons and energy levels
valence electrons
stable atom
chemical bond – involvement of electrons
oxidation number
superscript
types
ionic
covalent = molecules
polar
nonpolar
metallic
electron dot diagrams
chemical symbols & formulas
subscripts
naming
ionic and covalent rules
polyatomic ions
naming rule
hydrates
Chapter 12: Chemical Reactions & Equations
balanced equations
reactants, products, coefficients,..
endergonic and exergonic reactions
exothermic/endothermic
activation energy & graphs
types of reactions
synthesis
decomposition
single replacement
double replacement
combustion
rate of reaction affected by?
catalyst vs inhibitor
Chapter 13: Mixtures, Solubility, & Acid/Base Solutions
mixture vs solution(homogenous mixture)
alloys
compounds vs mixtures
solute & solvent
water as solvent
polar molecule
like dissolves like
concentration
solubility
Saturated/unsaturated/supersaturated
Solubility curves
Factors that speed up solubility
acids
hydronium ion
names and uses of common acids
bases
hydroxide ion
names and uses of common bases
pH scale & measurement
( items below from powerpoint)
neutralization reactions
products
soaps
composition
how they clean
detergents
composition
changes to formula and why
esters and polyesters
importance
Chapter 15: Waves
types of mechanical waves
transverse
compressional
Wave parts
crest; trough; compression; rarefaction; nodal line
wave properties
amplitude
frequency
wavelength
wave speed & formula
relationship with energy of wave
reflection
refraction
diffraction
interference and different types
interaction of waves with matter
absorption
reflection
transmission
Chapter 16: Sound
sound = longitudinal & mechanical
vibration
speed of sound
factors that affect speed
detecting sound
ear
energy of sound waves
amplitude & intensity
decibel scale
frequency & wavelength
Doppler Effect
Resonance
Echo
Chapter 17: Electromagnetic Spectrum
Speed of EM waves
How are waves generated
Types of waves EM is composed of
Wave properties
EM spectrum range and uses
Chapter 18 – Section 2, 3 & 4: Mirrors and Lenses
Types of mirrors and examples
Plane
Concave
Convex
Types of lenses and examples
Convex
Concave
Divergent or convergent rays
Refracted or reflected rays
rainbows
Eye
telescopes, microscopes, cameras
Lasers and uses
Optical fibers