Study Guide – Cell division and Genetics
(The cell division portion of this study guide will be useful for your quiz too!)
Cell Cycle and Cancer:
- know the phases of the cell cycle, what happens in each phase
- Why and when must a cell divide?
- Discuss how the cell regulates cell division and what happens when this regulation is disrupted
o Differentiate between cyclins, oncogenes and tumor surpressors
Chromosomes:
- know what they are, when they appear, how many we have
- Understand difference between homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids
- Understand the difference between crossing over and translocations
- Understand non-disjuction and how it causes loss of chromosomes
- Be able to explain how we diagnose chromosomal mutations and the different types that exist
Mitosis and Meiosis:
- be able to draw and recognize all phases and list key events that happen in each phase
- Compare and contrast the two processes and discuss the significance of each difference
- Discuss all mechanisms that lead to genetic diversity in sexually reproducing species and why this is
important.
- Differentiate between oogenesis and spermatogenesis
Embryology:
- Describe the steps that occur following fertilization
- Differentiate between how fraternal and identical twins are formed
- Explain differentiation
Vocabulary: if they aren’t in your notes LOOK THEM UP
Cyclin
interphase
Replication
Organelle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Somatic cell
Gamete
Crossing-over
Translocation Monosomy
Trisomy
Diploid
Haploid
Gene
Genome
Homologous chromosomes
Microtubules
Centromere
Sister chromatids
Cytokinesis
Cell Plate
Gap 2 (G1)
Tetrad
polar body
G0 (rest) phase
Gap 1 (G2)
Non-disjunction
S Phase
Mitotic Spindle
Centriole
Cleavage Furrow
Additional Recommendations:
Use our resources. There are many good review games and quizzes including multiple choice questions!
Genetics:
Be able to answer genetics problems with the following inheritance patterns:
1. complete dominance
2. incomplete dominance
3. co-dominance
4. X-linked
5. Test Cross
6. Polygenic traits
7. Multiple alleles (not really an inheritance pattern, but you are responsible for knowing the alleles for
human blood type and how they interact together)
Know the difference between genotypes and phenotypes
- be able to identify a person’s genotype or phenotype base on a description
Know how to find the allele combinations present in gametes for dihybrid crosses, be able to identify the
genotype of a dihybrid phenotype; be able to construct or interpret a dihybrid cross
Know the meaning of any genetics related word in your note packet or assignments and be able to use them
properly
Know who Mendel was and what his contributions were
- KNOW HIS THREE LAWS!!!!! This does not mean be able to recite them. Understand what he was
saying. Be able to identify the significance of each and explain how they happen. This means relating
them to events in meiosis. Think about what would happen if one of his first two laws fails. How does the
law of independent assortment fail if genes are linked?
Know what each part of the punnett square means as well as being able to fill it out.
Know how many alleles we have for each gene, how many we pass down to each child. Be able to differentiate
between genes and alleles.
Formation of gametes
- briefly review of meiosis
o how are gametes made? How many chromosomes?
o How is independent assortment and segregation demonstrated in meiosis
o Can linked genes ever be separated? If so how… what makes separation more or less likely?
Pedigrees
- know what shape is what
- how to interpret a pedigree and determine the inheritance pattern by looking for clues
- be able to draw a pedigree if given a verbal description
- understand that if two inheritance patterns are possible, pick the one that is most likely (ex: if every spouse
that marries in has to be a carrier in order for it to work out to be autosomal dominant, then it is probably
something else)
Variation: WHY is there so much emphasis on making us different? Why is this beneficial to the species?