Table 1 Known oxidative DNA modifications and their consequences for mutations
DNA modification
5-formyluracil
5-hydroxyuracil
5,6-dihydrouracil
5,6-dihydroxyuracil
5-hydroxy-6-hydrouracil
5-hydroxymethyluracil
uracil glycol
5-hydroxymethylcytosine
5-hydroxycytosine
5,6-dihydroxycytosine
5-hydroxy-6-hydrocytosine
5-formylcytosine
cytosine glycol
8-hydroxyguanine
8-hydroxyadenine
2-hydroxyadenine
5-hydroxy-6-hydrothymine
thymine glycol
5,6-dihydrothymine
5-hydroxy-5methylhydantoin
trans-1-carbamoyl-2-oxo4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidine
5-hydroxyhydantoin
alloxan
4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyA)
2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5formamidopyrimidine
(FapyG)
Mutation (base
change)
CT
GT
TC
TA
TG
CT
GA
Species/cell line
Reference
E. coli
E. coli
E. coli
E. coli
E. coli
E. coli
in vitro
transcription
1, 2
1, 2
1-4
1-4
2, 5
2, 6-8
2, 9
2, 7
2
CT
CT
CT
CT
E. coli
E. coli
Bacteriophage T4
E. coli
2, 7, 10, 11
2, 6, 8
11, 12
2, 6-8
2
2
CT
CA
hypothetical
hypothetical
8, 13
8, 13
2
GT
GC
GA
AC
AG
AC
AG
AT
AC
NIH3T, COS-7
NIH3T, COS-7
NIH3T, COS-7
E. coli
COS-7
COS-7
E. coli; COS-7
E. coli; COS-7
E. coli
2, 4, 7, 8, 14, 15
E. coli
2, 8, 18
2, 4, 14, 15
14, 15
8, 16
2, 14, 17
14, 17
2, 8, 15
8, 15
8, 15
2
TC
2
2, 7
2
2, 7
2
2, 7, 19
2, 7, 20
oxazolone
GT
hypothetical
2, 8, 21
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