Test Review: Unit II
Cells and microscopes
1. What is a prokaryote?
A prokaryote is a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus.
2. What is an example of an organism that has prokaryotic cells?
An example of a prokaryotic organism is bacteria.
3. What is a eukaryote?
Can be a single celled organism or a multicelled organism. Eukaryotes
have a distinct nucleus in their cells.
4. What is an example of an organism that has eukaryotic cells?
Human, pig, dog, yeast.
5. What is an organelle?
An organelle is a specialized compartment within a cell that has a
particular function. Organelle means “little organs” because they are
like organs in that they have a distinct job.
6. List 4 ways that prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes.
1) Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus and eukaryotes do.
2) Prokaryotes are single celled and eukaryotes can be multicelled or
single celled.
3) Prokaryotes have a flagella to help them move and eukaryotes do
not.
4) Prokaryotes do not have membrane bound organelles in their cell
and eukaryotes do.
5) Prokaryotes are a lot smaller than eukaryotic cells.
7. Draw and label a bacteria, an animal and a plant cell
8. What 4 things do all cells have?
a. Cell Membrane
b. DNA
c. Cytoplasm
d. Ribosomes
9. What organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Cell Wall, Cloroplasts, and Central Vacuoles
10.
What are the functions of the following organelles?
a. Cell membrane:
To protect the cell and to only allow substances to enter and leave
the cell.
b. Cell wall:
Organelle that provides structure and protection to the cell. (only in
plants and some bacteria)
c. Cytoplasm:
Semi-liquid material between nucleus and cell membrane
d. Ribosomes:
Organelle that manufactures (build) proteins.
e. Nucleus:
Organelle that controls cellular processes and contains/protects the
genetic information. (DNA)
f. Endoplasmic reticulum:
i. Smooth E.R.: Site where lipids for the cell membrane are
put together. Does not contain ribosomes and therefore is
“smooth”.
ii. Rough E.R.: Site where proteins are manufactured prior to
being exported from the cell. Contains ribosomes and is
there for considered “rough”.
g. Golgi body (apparatus):
Organelle that modifies, packages, sorts, and ships proteins from
the endoplasmic reticulum and other materals to be stored in cell
or secreted from the cell. (This of a post office)
h. Central vacuole:
Organelle found in plants that stores water, salts, ions, and
minerals.
i. Chloroplast:
Photosynthesis takes place here. Captures light energy and converts it
into chemical energy in sugar. Found in plants and some
photosynthetic bacteria.
j. Mitochondria:
Cellular respiration takes place here. Converts chemical energy into
useable energy (ATP) for the cell. This is the organelle that produces
energy for our cells.
k. Lysosome:
Organelle that contains enzymes for the digestion of biomolecules and
breaking down worn out cellular parts.
11.
Which organelle is comparable to the human excretory system?
Lysomsomes
12.
Which organelle would you expect to find a lot of in cells that
need a lot of energy?
Mitochondria
13.
What is cell differentiation?
Cell differentiation is when cells become specialiezed for a specific
function. For example, we have skin cells, muscle cells, and neurons.
These are all specialized cells.
14.
What is the function of:
a. Epithelial cells: Also known as skin cells. Are specialized for
protection.
b. Bone cells: Specialized cells that are important for providing
support and for movement.
c. Nerve cells: Carry messages throughout our body.
15.
What determines the function of a cell?
DNA determines the function of the cell.
16.
Where are the instructions found that build these cells (#14)?
Why aren’t they all the same?
In our genetic information (DNA) is where the instructions are found.
The cells are not the same because the DNA code that builds the cells
is not the same.
17.
What allowed scientists to come up with the cell theory?
Microscope Development.
18.
While using a microscope, you are asked for the total
magnification of a specimen. How do you find the total magnification?
Multiply the objective lens times the magnification power that you are
using.
19.
Label parts of the microscope:
20.
When preparing a wet mount of a specimen, why are stains like
methylene blue used?
Stains are used to dye cells so that they are easily seen under a
microscope.
21.
Which direction would you move this slide to center the cell in the
field of view?
To the Left and Down.
22.
What is the diameter of this cell?
0.5 mm
23.
Why do you use low power to find a specimen instead of high
power?
You want to get a larger field of view to focus the specimen.