Tissues:
Four classes

Epithelium

Connective

Muscle

Nervous
Tissues are:

group of similar or identical cells that share a common function.

used to build organs
Overview:

Epithelial
o Line body cavities
o Cover free surfaces
o Including ducts and glands
o Tightly connected to each other
o Exposed to a space on their free surface
o Tightly connected to deeper tissue with a glue-like membrane called the
basement membrane
o **best function is absorption, secretion and protection

Muscle
o Provide movement for the body
o Contain fibers made up of myosin and actin protein filaments

Nervous
o Conduct electrical impulses
o Composed of one cell type … the neuron
o Neurons have
 Nucleus
 Several dendrites
 One or several axons
o Normal pathway follows:
 Dendrite to
 Cell body to
 Axon
 Produces a substance called a neurotransmitter
 Allows impulse to jump
o Neuron to neuron
o Neuron to muscle
o Neuron to gland
o classified by function and structure

function
 sensory
 motor
 association

structure
 unipolar
 bipolar
 multipolar
What you see microscopically is specific neurons (rather than tissues as in the other three
classes)
Epithelial Tissue:

has a free edge

packed end to end

avascular

has nerve supply
Specific
Location
Simple Squamous
Lungs – alveoli
Capillaries, ear
cochlea, heart
lining, serous
membranes
Kidney tubules,
glands, ducts and
anterior lens of the
eye
GI Tract from
stomach to anus,
ducts, glands and
gall bladder
Skin, mouth, vagina,
esophagus, and eye
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
Stratified Squamous
Function (at that
site)
Rapid exchange:
Diffusion, osmosis
and filtration
Rapid exchange:
Secretion and
absorption
Secrete and absorb
Protect
Stratified Cuboidal
Ducts of adult sweat
glands, male urethra
Protection
Stratified Columnar
Submandibular
salivery gland and
male urethra. Anal
mucous membrane
Protect and secrete
Transitional
Baler, ureters,
urethra
Distention
Ciliated Columnar
Upper respiratory
tract, fallopian
Moves fluids or
particles along a
General Comments
Fried egg – scale
like, saran wrap
thin, joined end to
end, low wear and
tear
Round nuclei
Secretion of
mucus, sweat, etc.
Oval nuclei, contain
microvilli (small
hairs) and goblet
cells. + surf. Area
Several layer, great
wear, deep cell.
Can be
cuboidal/columnar.
Keratinzed = skin,
nonkeratinized =
mouth, esophagus,
vagina, tongue
Cicular nucleus
Columnar only in
superficial layer.
Deep layers all
different shapes =
polyhedral
Squamous to
cuboidal in shape,
able to stretch
Have goblet cells,
have cilia, make
tubes, central canal
of spinal cord
pathway via cilliary
action
ovum move down
fallopian tube
Connective Tissues
Specific
Location
Function
General Comments
Areolar
Subcutaneous layer
of skin around
organs
Subcutaneous layer
of skin, kidneys,
joints and eyes
Framework of liver,
spleen and lymph
nodes
Tendons and
ligaments
Strength, elasticity,
support
Collagen, elastic,
reticular, fibroblast,
macrophage, plasma
Adipocytes, store
triglycerides
Lung tissue, walls
of arteries, trachea
and bronchial tubes
Ends of long bones,
rib ends, nose,
larynx, trachea
Allows stretching
Support
Bluish with shiny
collagen fibers with
chondrocytes
Pubic symphasis,
vertebral discs and
knee menisci
Epiglottis, external
ear, Eustachian
tubes
Everywhere
Support
Chondrocytes
among collagen
Support and shape
Chondrocytes and
elastic fibers
Support, protect,
store and
hematapoesis
Transport gasses,
phagocytosis and
allergic rxn
Haversion system,
lamellae, lacunae,
osteocytes
Plasma, platelets
and WBC’s
Adipose
Dense Regular
Collagenous
Dense Regular
Elastic
Dense Irregular
Elastic
Hyaline Cartilage
(most abundant type of
cartilage)
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Within blood
vessels
Reduce heat loss,
emergency reserve,
support, protect
Strong attachments
between structures
Mostly collagen
fibers, fibroblasts
between bundles
Elastic fibers,
fibroblasts
MUSCLE
SPECIFIC
LOCATION
FUNCTION
GENERAL
COMMENTS
Striated, light and
dark bands. Many
nuclei in fiber(s)
SKELETAL
Attached to bone
Motion, posture,
heat
CARDIAC
Walls of heart
Pump blood to all
parts of body
Striated,
involuntary, usually
only one fiber per
nuclei
SMOOTH
Constrict blood
vessels, break down
food, move foods
and fluids
Found in walls of
vessels, airway
stomach, intestine,
gall bladder and
urinary bladder
Involuntary, nonstriated, one nucleus
NERVOUS
Neurons:
Sensory
Motor
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Parts of the neuron include
Nerve:
NERVOUS
Neurons:
Have the ability to respond to stimuli and convert tem into nerve
impulse(s). A nerve impulse is a tiny electrical/chemical current.
Sensory (afferent) toward brain or cord
Motor (efferent) away from brain or cord
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
Parts of the neuron include the axon, dendrite and cell body. These are labeled A, D and
C above.
Nerve: bundle of many nerve fibers in the nervous system