** BASIC TISSUES HANDOUT **
EPITHELIUM (Classification is based upon two criteria: (1) Cell Shape and (2) Number of cell layers)
SIMPLE
Squamous
(aka: Non-stratified)
Cuboidal
Columnar
*INTERMEDIATE SUB-TYPES
Pseudostratified *
Pseudostratified
STRATIFIED
Squamous
Transitional
Cuboidal
Columnar
Transitional *
Note: Functionally, all EPITHELIA are either: a) Protective (linings or coverings)
b) Secretory
c) Absorptive (or adapted for filtration)
d) Specialized (glands, taste buds, etc.)
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE (Classification is based upon “texture” of the matrix)
SOFT
Embryonic: Mesenchyme
(aka: “C.T. Proper”)
Mucous (“Wharton’s Jelly”)
Adult:
(Loose) Areolar C. T.
Adipose C.T.
Dense, Collagenous C.T.
Elastic C.T.
Reticular C.T.
FIRM
Cartilages:
Hyaline Cartilage C.T.
Fibrocartilage C.T.
Elastic Cartilage C.T.
RIGID
Bone
(aka: Osseous C.T.)
Dental tissues: Enamel C.T.; Dentin C.T.; Cementum C.T.
FLUID
Blood
Lymph
Note: Chief components to consider in all C.T.’s are: (1) Cells and (2) the Matrix.
Matrix is the intercellular material that consists of Ground substance and fibers.
(1) Cells may be: Fibroblasts; Adipocytes; Chondrocytes; Osteocytes (-blasts, -clasts);
Macrophages; Mast cells; Red Blood Cells; White Blood Cells; Lymphocytes.
(2) Ground substance consists of glycosaminoglycans (GAG’s) such as hyaluronic acid, keratandermatan- and chondroitin sulfates; and proteoglycans such as mucins, mucoids, + chondroproteins.
(3) Fiber types are named for the fibrous protein of which each is composed: Collagen
Fibers (Protein collagen); Reticular Fibers (Protein reticulin); Elastic Fibers (Protein elastin)
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MUSCLE
Skeletal (Striated, attached to bones, voluntary control)
Cardiac (Striated, makes up the heart, involuntary control)
Smooth (Non-striated, comprises muscular viscera, involuntary control)
NERVE
(Functional cells: Neurons
Supporting cells: Neuroglia)
Neurons: Structural classification: Unipolar, Bipolar, Multipolar
Functional classification: Sensory, Motor, or Interneuron
(afferent), (efferent)
Neuroglia: CNS: Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependyma
PNS: Schwann Cells (Neurilemmocytes), Satellite cells
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