Biology 1406 Review Sheet for Exam 1
Mr. Dees
Note: the following is a brief synopsis of the topics covered by the first lecture exam. Be sure that this sheet is
not all that you study, for this list may be incomplete and is not very detailed. Anything covered in lecture is fairgame for the exam. Use this to be sure you do not have any “gaps” in your notes. A helpful section is provided at
the end of each chapter in the form of a chapter summary, key terms, and review questions.
Chapter 1
biology defined
reasons why the understanding of
biology is important
7 properties of living things with
examples
7 themes of life
Levels of biological organization
with examples
basic unit of life?
prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells
energy flow through living systems
emergent properties
feedback mechanisms
biodiversity
classification
taxonomy
Taxa(-on)
Current taxonomic hierarchy
binomial nomenclature
three domains
Evolution
Darwin
Natural Selection as a process
Hypothesis and inquiry in science –
scientific method
Chapter 2,3,4
matter
elements
92 natural, 25 essential to life
CHON ?
trace elements – with examples
atoms
subatomic particles and charge
structure of atom
molecules and compounds
chemical bonds – energy?
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
chemical reactions – components
polar molecules vs. non-polar
hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic
properties of water
specific heat
cohesive, adhesive, vapor pressure,
states, evaporative cooling
electrolytes
cations
anions
density of water vs. ice
solvents
solutes
solutions
universal solvent?
pH scale
acids vs. bases
dissociation of HOH
importance of C
organic compounds vs. inorganic
compounds
carbon skeleton and functional
groups and properties- function
Chapter 5
macromolecules
four categories of biological
macromolecules
polymers – monomers
mechanism to build polymers
dehydration synthesis –hydrolysis
anabolic vs. catabolic reactions
enzymes
carbohydrates
functions of carbohydrates
monomers
monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides – with examples
and functions as discussed in class
Glycosidic linkage
Lipids
no polymers!!
all hydrophobic
classes of lipids
composition of fats (triglycerides)
function of fats
saturated vs. unsaturated fats
phospholipid composition
amphipathic molecules
phospholipid bilayer
steroids and examples
Proteins
many functions – know examples
discussed in class
amino acids – how many natural?
components of amino acid
peptide bonds
what determines the function of a
protein??
four level of protein structure
denatured protein
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
components of nucleotide
A,T, G,C, and U
structure of DNA – double helix
Watson and Crick
genes
phosphate-sugar backbone
base pairs
directional 3’-5’
antiparallel
complementary strands
replication
RNA structure
DNA and RNA at work