Review Sheet for Exam #1 (Morris Chapters 1 - 4)
Dr. Solti
This review is meant to serve as a guide to ensure your notes are complete. You will need to be able to
do/understand and READ YOUR BOOK! Simply filling out this review sheet will not be enough to earn a good
grade.
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Define “biology”
Know the Scientific Method
Characteristics of living things versus nonliving things
Know characteristics of viruses and why they are not living things
1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics
Central Dogma
Differences between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
Know definition of Taxonomy, the 8 taxons, binomial nomenclature
Know 3 Domains of Life
Know evolution
Know definition of chemistry, matter, elements
Structure of atoms, three subatomic particles and their charges/characteristics
Number of protons, and electrons of an element if given characteristics
Arrangement of Periodic Table
Importance of the electron
Bonds: Covalent bonds, both polar and nonpolar, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds
Understand what electronegativity has to do with bonding, and the rules of electronegativity
Ions, cation, anion
Water, its structure, bonds within and bonds outside of water, its characteristics that make it so important to
biological organisms
Hydrophilic, hydrophobic
Acids and bases and neutral solutions
pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions
Organic molecules and why carbon has such diversity
7 Functional groups and their structures/characteristics
Macromolecules/Polymers and their monomers and their bonds
Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis
Structure and Functions of: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Functions of proteins, monomers, bond, chemistry of amino acids
Lipids: fats/triacylglycerols, phospholipids and steroids
Structure/ function of nucleotides
• differences between DNA and RNA
• nucleotides in DNA, RNA or both; and their bonds
• be able to give a complimentary sequence if given the sequence of one strand of DNA/RNA
Carbohydrates, monomers, bonds, naming sugars and specific examples
The relationships between Chromosomes, genes, DNA and proteins
DNA sequence, structure, bonds, template strand, anti-parallel
Steps of transcription, where it takes place in eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes
Fate of eukaryotic primary transcript
Translation, steps, where it takes place
Comparison of eukaryote vs. prokaryote gene expression
Proteins functions and structure; how a polypeptide chain is read; levels of protein folding
Ribosomes; their function, their 3 pockets
mRNA, codon/triplet codon, AUG; redundant, unambiguous
Translation requirements and their roles
tRNA and its function/anticodon
Steps of translation and its termination
Be able to use Table 4.1/The Codon Dictionary to generate a protein if given an mRNA sequence or DNA
double strand.