LAB 19
URINALYSIS
Objective: To learn and measure the various characteristics of urine and to analyze these findings
to determine any possible abnormalities.
A. Urinalysis
Obtain a specimen jar, obtain a sample of your own urine and perform these tests. Enter your results below.
CHARACTERISTIC
NORMAL
Color/transparency
Pale yellow to deep yellow/
clear
Acidity
4.5 – 8.0
Specific gravity
1.001 – 1.035
Odor
Ammonia odor only after left
for a period of time
SAMPLE
B. Urinalysis Using ChemStrip
Obtain a Chemstrip, insert it into your urine sample, and observe the results. Record your results below.
TEST
RESULT
(+ or - )
SIGNIFICANCE
(normal or if abnormal, possible cause)
Leucocytes
Nitrite
PH
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Urobilinogen
Bilirubin
Blood
84
C. Urinalysis of Unknown Urine Samples
Perform the same tests as above on the unknown urine samples and determine any abnormalities and possible causes.
Use the table on page 86 to record your results.
D. QUESTIONS
1.
Were any of the urine samples abnormal? If so, which ones?
2.
What would most likely be the cause of a urine sample with a positive test for nitrites, leukocytes and a slightly
higher than normal pH?
3.
Are proteins or blood normally found in urine? If they are present, how might they get there?
4.
If the urine sample tests positive for ketones and glucose, for what disease should the patient be checked?
5.
Elevated levels of urobilinogen and bilirubin may indicate problems with what organ?
6.
What dietary habits may cause an acidic urine sample (more acidic than normal)? What would cause a basic urine
sample?
E. Microscopic Examination of Sediments
If available in your lab, observe the demonstration slides of urine sediments.
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Sample
Specific
Gravity
pH
Leukocytes
Nitrite
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
Urobilinogen
Bilirubin
Blood
Color &
Transparency
Control
Normal =
1.01 - 1.040
Normal = pH
5-9
Avg. = 6
Normally
Negative
Positive = >25
cells/L
Normal =
<0.05 mg/dL
Positive =
>0.05 mg/dL
Normal =
<30 mg/dL
Positive =
>30 mg/dL
Normal =
Negative
Positive = >90
mg/dL
Normal = <10
mg/100 mL
Positive =
>10 mg/100
mL
Normal =
<0.4 mg/dL
Positive =
>0.4 mg/dL
Normal =
<0.05 mg/dL
Positive =
>0.05 mg/dL
Normal =
<5 cells/L
Positive =
>5 cells/L
Straw, yellow or
amber
A
B
C
Causes
Yours
D
renal failure,
vomiting,
diet,
obstruction +
UTI
renal disease
diabetes
diabetes
CHF
hyperthyroid fever
gout
renal disease weight loss
86
renal disease
cirrhosis
Sickle cell
Liver damage diverticulitis
Liver damage
Hemolytic dis injury
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