Motivation, Emotions and Personality Review
Emotions we feel have three components:
1) People’s conscious ________________ of a situation are key determinants of emotions. They form the _______________ component of emotions.
2) The ______________ ___________ system regulates smooth muscles, gland activity, and blood vessels. It’s activity is related to the __________________ component of emotion and originates in the ______________ of the subcortical brain. One example is the change in electrical conductivity of the skin called the
_____________ ____ ______________ it is used in lie detector tests.
3) Emotions can be expressed in non-verbal behavioural component, commonly called “_______ ____________________”.
Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
James-Lange Theory
Matching
• the perception of arousal leads
• to the conscious experience of fear – different patterns of autonomic activation lead to different emotions emotion occurs when the thalamus sends signals directly to the cortex and the autonomic nervous system.
• Emotion depends on two factors
1) autonomic arousal 2) cognitive interpretation of that arousal. You feel a certain way and search for reasons why.
___________________________ is the consistent disposition to behave a certain way in a variety of circumstances.

Which of the five factors of personalitymatch the descriptions below? people who are sympathetic, trusting, cooperative, modest, and straightforward vs. People who are suspicious, antagonistic, and aggressive people who are curious, flexible, vivid fantasy, imaginative, artistic, and unconventional
- a key determinant of political attitudes. people who are anxious, hostile, self- conscious, insecure and vulnerable. It is also called negative emotionality. people who are outgoing, sociable, upbeat, friendly, assertive, and gregarious.
Also called positive emotionality. people who are diligent, disciplined, wellorganized, punctual, and dependable.
It is also called constraint and is associated with success and high productivity.
What are 4 approaches to personality theory?
1) ___________________________
2) ___________________________
3) ___________________________
4) ___________________________
Which approach does each of the following psychologists believe?
Albert Bandura ______
Sigmund Freud _____
Abraham Maslow _____
Carl Rogers _______
B.F. Skinner _______
Freud proposed three parts of personality:
1) ___________ - unconscious desires, primitive, instinctual, and always demanding immediate gratification.
2) ___________ - decision-making component that regulates the id, it delays gratification until an appropriate moment.
3) ___________ - the moral component that takes in social standards.
____________ is caused by conflict between the 3 components of personality.
We deal with this by using __________________________.

Displacement
Regression
Identification
Repression
Projection
Reaction formation
Rationalization
Matching
Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.
Attributing one’s own thoughts, feelings, or motives to someone else
Diverting emotional feelings from their original source to a substitute target.
Behaving in a way that is exactly opposite of one’s true feelings
A reversion to immature patterns of behaviour.
Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behaviour.
Bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group.
Albert Bandura – believed that conditioning occurred not just from the surrounding environment but also from _______________________.
This was called _______________ __________________ - the idea that internal mental events, external environmental events, and overt behaviour all influence our personality.
______________ ____________ - occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of another.
__________________ - a person whose behaviour is observed by another. They are often powerful or attractive and when we positive outcomes for them we are strongly influenced to behave like them.
______________________ - the theoretical approach that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their potential for growth and freedom.
Carl Rogers – believed that people have a collection of beliefs about themselves that collectively form their ________________. If this idea becomes too different from reality, it causes _____________________.

Abraham Maslow – proposed that human motivation can be organized into a
_________________________________.
__________________ - when basic needs are met, more advanced needs are activated.
__________________ - when basic needs are not met, higher needs are not possible.
__________________________ - the highest level of human needs. It is the need to fulfill one’s potential and to help others fulfill theirs. This stage is marked by exceptional health and continuous growth.
Unit VI – Terms - Motivation, Emotion, and Personality
Habituation
Spontaneous recovery
Long-term habituation
Classical conditioning
Associations
Pavlov’s Dog
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Conditioned response
Unconditioned reflex
Conditioned reflex
Reinforcement
Nonreinforcement
Learning curve
Extinction
Reconditioning
Response amplitude
Probability of response
Response latency
Generalization
Discrimination
Response suppression
Phobias
Compensatory reaction
E.L. Thorndike
Law of Effect
Instrumental conditioning (operant
Theories of emotion
Id
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Ego
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Freud
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schacter 2-Factor
5 Factors of personality:
Agreeableness
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Conscientiousness
4 Theories of Personality
Psychodynamic perspectives
Behavioural perspectives
Humanistic perspectives
Biological perspectives
Superego
Pleasure principal
Reality principle
Unconscious
Preconscious
Conscious
Anxiety
Defense mechanisms
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Repression
Projection

conditioning)
Shaping
Continuous reinforcement
Partial reinforcement
Fixed ratio/fixed variable/fixed interval/variable interval reinforcement schedules
Contiguity
Contingency
Response control
Learned helplessness
Motivation
Biological motives
Social motives
3 causes of hunger
Vagus nerve
Insulin
Leptin
Achievement
Affiliation
TAT test
3 elements of emotions
 subjective conscious experience
 bodily arousal
 characteristic overt expression
Galvanic Skin Response
Autonomic responses
 Displacement
 Reaction formation
 Regression
 Rationalization
 Identification
Bandura
Reciprocal determinism
Observational learning
Models
Humanism
Carl Rogers
Self-concept
Incongruence
Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
 Physiological needs
 Afety and security needs
 Belongingness and love needs
 Esteem needs
 Cognitive needs
 Aesthetic needs
 Self-actualization
Self-actualization
Progression
Regression