Social and Personality Development
Final Exam Study Guide
Aside from sleeping, the average American child spends the most time doing what?
Effects of children's exposure to television depend most heavily on what aspect of TV
exposure?
What was one of the disturbing aspects of common children’s programming?
Studies of the impacts of unedited violent TV programs designed for children (for
example, Power Rangers) reveal that these programs have what effects on children?
Compared to children who watch little or no television, those who watch a large number
of television commercials are likely to be influenced in what way regarding those ads?
Heavy TV viewing has been cited as a risk factor for what?
Heavy viewers of Sesame Street are affected cognitively in what ways?
Research on adolescent computer use reveals that teens spend most of their "social" time
online with whom?
Outcomes of Adolescent exposure to pornography on the internet
Potentially negative influence that the computer revolution may have on children is ____.
Schooling seems to promote cognitive growth by what techniques?
Nursery school experiences can be quite beneficial to children if they are…
Differences in outcomes for students going to larger vs. smaller schools- and why?
Opponents of ability tracking point to ____ as an argument against instituting this
practice across the board in our schools
What has a significant impact on school effectiveness?
Contact with peers is thought to be important because…
Different play styles for boys and girls
Research of Harlow and others indicates that optimal social development depends on…
In her recent theory of socializing influences, Harris cites ____ as evidence that peers are
more important than parents as socializing agents.
Harris's theory of socialization is most subject to criticism for its assertion that ____.
Evidence for the proposition that 6- to 10-month-olds already have developed some
simple playmate preferences comes from recent observations that they reliably choose to
play with…
One social factor that has been found to contribute in a positive way to early social skills
is…
According to Howes and Matheson (1992), the most complex form of pretend play that
preschoolers display is play involving…
Pretend play among preschoolers is thought to be adaptive because it…
Early in adolescence, peer contacts become increasingly centered around ____.
The crowds that characterize teenagers of high-school age consist of…
Quality of adolescent dating relationships often depends on…
If there is a down side to day care, it is that children who have spent large amounts of
time in ____ tend to be somewhat more aggressive and disobedient during the grade
school years.
Recent research on the links between temperament, attachment, and peer sociability
imply that positive correlations between security of attachments and social competence
with peers indicate that…
sociometric techniques
Peer statuses: popular /controversial/ average status / neglected/ rejected
The fact that rejected grade-school children can often be helped to achieve a more
favorable sociometric status through academic remediation and social-skills training
implies that human development is remarkably…
Most developmental norms and findings described in your textbook are based on what
regarding various cultures?
Although no one pattern of parenting is "optimal" for all children in all cultures or
subcultures, the parental style that seems to promote adaptive outcomes for most children
in most contexts is…
a contextualist perspective on human development
normative and idiosyncratic directions that developmentalists must seek to understand
Kohlberg’s moral reasoning
When behavioral geneticists argue that genotypes influence environments, they are
claiming that…
What types of studies show that peers promote the development of competent and
adaptive patterns of social behavior?
Biological and environmental influences on development are interwoven in a complex
manner that is difficult to disentangle …
Judith Harris's recent theory of socialization implies that ____.
By 6 months of age infants can interact in what ways?
By 24 months of age, infant sociability has progressed to the point that playmates are
capable of interacting in what ways?
Between ages 1 1/2 to 5 years, children's play shifts in what ways?
Given the age trends in TV viewing, what age child is likely to spend the most time
watching TV?
According to the catharsis hypothesis how should TV affect children’s aggression?