The reference list contains recently published, in press, or submitted research
articles on forgiveness, reconciliation, and restoration.
Reference List: Forgiveness, Reconciliation, and Restoration. Complied by
Geoffrey W. Sutton, Ph.D., Evangel University, 2005.
This is a listing of recent articles published in peer reviewed journals or
manuscripts that are either in press, or submitted for publication. I have included
a few recent scholarly books but I excluded most books that are designed for the
general public.
For the most part, the listings conform to APA style.
Aquino, K., Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2001). How employees
respond to personal offense: The effects of blame attribution, victim
status, and offender status on revenge and reconciliation in the
workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 52-59.
Bennett, M. & Dewberry, C. (1994). "I’ve said I’m sorry, haven’t I?":
A study of the identity implications and constraints that apologies
create for their recipients. Current Psychology, 13, 10-20.
Bennett, M. and Earwalker, D. (2001). Victims’ responses to
apologies: The effects of offender responsibility and offense
severity. The Journal of Social Psychology, 134, 457-464.
Berry, J. W. & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2001). Forgivingness,
relationship quality, stress while imagining relationship events, and
physical mental health. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 447455.
Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L. Jr., O'Connor, L. E., Parrott, L. III, &
Wade, N. G. (2005). Forgivingness, vengeful rumination, and
affective traits. Journal of Personality, 73, 183-225.
Brown, R. P., & Phillips, A. (2005). Letting bygones be bygones:
Further evidence for the validity of the Tendency to Forgive scale.
Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 627-638.
Brose, L. A., Rye, M. S., Lutz-Zois, C., & Ross, S. R. (2005).
Forgiveness and personality traits. Personality and Individual
Differences, 39, 35-46.
Carson, J. W., Keefe, F. J., Goli, V., Fras, A. M., Lynch, T. R.,
Thorp, S. R., & Buechler, J. L. (2005). Forgiveness and chronic low
back pain: A preliminary study examining the relationship of
forgiveness to pain, anger, and psychological distress. Journal of
Pain, 6, 84-91.
Christodoulidi, F. (2005). Forgiveness and the healing process: A
central therapeutic concern. British Journal of Guidance and
Counselling, 33, 141-142.
Coyle, C. T. & Enright, R. D. (1997). Forgiveness intervention with
postabortion men. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
65, 1042-1046.
Enright, R. D. & Coyle, C. T. (1998). Researching the process
model of forgiveness within psychological interventions. In E. L.
Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological
research and theological perspectives (pp.139-161). Philadelphia:
Templeton Foundation Press.
Enright R. D., & Gassin, E. A. (1992). Forgiveness: A
developmental view. Journal of Moral Education, 21, 99-114.
Fincham, F. D, Beach, S. R. H., & Davila, J. (2004). Forgiveness
and conflict resolution in marriage. Journal of Family Psychology,
18, 72-81.
Fincham, F. D., Jackson, H., & Beach, S. R. H. (in press).
Transgression severity and forgiveness: Different moderators for
objective severity. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology.
Fincham, F. D., & Kashdan, T. D. (in press). Facilitating
forgiveness: Developing group and community interventions. In P.
A. Linley & S. Joseph (Eds.), Positive psychology in practice.
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Finkel, E. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A.
(2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does
commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 82, 956-974.
Freedman, S. R. & Enright, R. D. (1996). Forgiveness as an intervention goal
with incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 983-992.
Friesen, M. D., Fletcher, G. J. O., & Overall, N. C. (2005). A dyadic
assessment of forgiveness in intimate relationships. Personal
Relationships, 12, 61-77.
Gordon, K. C., Baucom, D. H., & Snyder, D. K. (2005). An
integrative intervention for promoting recovery from extramarital
affairs. Journal of Marital & Family Therapy, 30, 213-231.
Gordon, K. C., Burton, S., & Porter, L. (2004). Predicting the
intentions of women in domestic violence shelters to return to
partners: Does forgiveness play a role? Journal of Family
Psychology, 18, 331-338.
Hall, J. H. & Fincham, F. D. (in press). Self-forgiveness: The
stepchild of forgiveness research. Journal of Social and Clinical
Psychology.
Harber, K. D., & Wenberg, K. E. (2005). Emotional disclosure and
closeness toward offenders. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 31, 734-746.
Hodgins, H. S., Liebeskind, E., & Schwartz, W. (1996). Getting out
of hot water: Facework in social predicaments. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 300-314.
Hoyt, W. T., Fincham, F., McCullough, M. E., Maio, G. & Davila, J.
(in press). Responses to interpersonal transgressions in families:
Forgivingness, forgivability, and relationship-specific effects.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Huang, S. T., & Enright, R. D. (2000). Forgiveness and anger
related emotions in Taiwan: Implications for therapy.
Psychotherapy, 37, 71-79.
Hughes, R. K., & Armstrong, J. H. (1995, April 3). Why adulterous
pastors should not be restored. Christianity Today, 39, 33-36.
Ingersoll-Dayton, B., & Krause, N. (2005). Self-forgiveness: A
component of mental health in later life. Research on Aging, 27,
267-289.
Kachadourian, L., Fincham, F. D., & Davila, J. (2005). Attitudinal
ambivalence, rumination and forgiveness of partner transgressions
in marriage. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 334342.
Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2005). Does activating
justice help or hurt in promoting forgiveness? Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, 41 290-297.
Karremans, J.C., Van Lange, P. A. M., & Holland, R. W. (in press).
Forgiveness and its associations with prosocial thinking, feeling,
and doing beyond the relationship with the offender. Personality
and Social Psychology Bulletin.
Karremans, J. C., Van Lange, P. A. M., Ouwerkerk, J. W., &
Kluwer, E. S. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological wellbeing: The role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 84, 1011-1026.
Kanz, J. E. (2000). How do people conceptualize and use
forgiveness? The Forgiveness Attitudes Questionnaire. Counseling
and Values, 44, 174-186.
Kearns, J. & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Victim and perpetrator
accounts of interpersonal transgressions: Self-serving or
relationship-serving biases? Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 31, 321-333.
Kim, P. H., Ferrin, D. L., Cooper, C. D., & Dirks, K. T. (2004). Removing the
shadow of suspicion: The effects of apology versus denial for repairing
competence- versus integrity-based trust violations. Journal of Applied
Psychology, 89, 104-118.
Lawler, K. A., Younger, J. W., Piferi, R. L., Jobe, R. L., Edmondson,
K., & Jones, W. H. (in press). The unique effects of forgiveness on
health: An exploration of pathways Journal of Behavioral Medicine.
Luskin, F. M. (2004) The art and science of forgiveness. In Schlitz,
M., Amorok, T., and Micozzi, M., Consciousness and Healing:
Integral Approaches to Mind Body Medicine, (pp. 335-341). New
York: Churchill Livingston.
Luskin, F. M. (1999). The effect of forgiveness training on
psychosocial factors in college-age adults. Dissertation Abstracts
International, 60(4-A) (Oct 1999): 1026.
McCullough, M.E. (1996). Forgiveness as altruism: A socialpsychological theory of interpersonal forgiveness and tests of its
validity. Dissertation Abstracts International, 56, (9-B), 5224.
McCullough, M.E., Bellah, G.C., Kilpatrick, S.D., & Johnson, J.L.
(2001). Vengefulness: Relationships with forgiveness, rumination,
well-being, and the big five. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 27, 601-610.
McCullough, M. E., Fincham, F. D., & Tsang, J. (2003).
Forgiveness, forbearance, and time: The temporal unfolding of
transgression-related interpersonal motivations. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 540-557.
McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E.
L., Jr., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in
close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586-1603.
McCullough, M.E. & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1994a). Encouraging
clients to forgive people who have hurt them: Review, critique, and
research prospectus. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 22, 320.
McCullough, M.E. & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1994b). Models of
interpersonal forgiveness and their applications to counseling:
Review and critique. Counseling and Values, 39, 2-14.
Mullet, E., Barros, J., Frongia, L., Usai, V., Neto, F., Shafighi, S. R.
(1993). Religious involvement and the forgiving personality. Journal
of Personality, 71, 1-19.
Mullet, E., Houdbine, A., Laumonier, S., & Giard, M. (1998).
"Forgivingness:" Factor structure in a sample of young, middleaged, and elderly adults. European Psychologist, 3, 289-297.
Retrieved May 14, 2004 from PsycARTICLES database.
Muñoz Sastre, M. T., Vinsonneau, G., Chabrol, H., & Mullet, E.
(2005). Forgivingness and the paranoid personality style.
Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 765-772.
Neto, F., Mullet, E. (2004). Personality, self-esteem, and selfconstrual as correlates of forgivingness. European Journal of
Personality, 18, 15-30.
Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. D. (2005). Marital quality,
forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 368-378.
Pop, J. L., Sutton, G.W., & Jones, E.G. (2005). Restoring Pastors
Following a Moral Failure: The Effects of Self-Interest and Group
Influence. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Ristovski, A., & Wertheim, E. H. (2005). Investigation of
compensation source, trait empathy, satisfaction with outcome and
forgiveness in the criminal context. Australian Psychologist, 40, 6369. Sandage, S.J., Worthington, E.L., Jr., Hight, T.L., & Berry, J.W.
(2000). Seeking forgiveness: Theoretical context and an initial
empirical study. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 28, 21-35.
Seybold, K.S., Hill, P.C., Neumann, J. K., & Chi, D.S. (2001).
Physiological and psychological correlates of forgiveness. Journal
of Psychology and Christianity, 20, 250-259.
Schmitt, M., Gollwitzer, M., Forster, N., & Montada, L. (2004).
Effects of objective and subjective account components on
forgiving. The Journal of Social Psychology and Personality, 144,
465-485.
Smedes, L. B. (2001, December,1). Keys to forgiving: How do you
know that you have truly forgiven someone? Christianity Today, 45,
73. Retrieved October,11, 2003 from EBSCOhost database.
Snyder, C. R., & Heinze, L. S. (2005). Forgiveness as a mediator of
the relationship between PTSD and hostility in survivors of
childhood abuse. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 413-431.
Sutton, G.W. & Thomas, E. K. (2004, October). Measures of
restoration: What do people believe about restoring leaders to
wholeness? Poster session presented at the meeting of the
Christian Association for Psychological Studies, Midwest Regional
Conference, Cleveland, OH.
Sutton, G.W. & Thomas, E. K. (2005). Can derailed pastors be
restored? Effects of offense and age on restoration. Pastoral
Psychology, 53, 583-599.
Sutton, G. W. & Thomas, E. (in press) Restoring Christian leaders:
How conceptualizations of forgiveness and restoration can
influence practice and research. American Journal of Pastoral
Psychology, 8.
Sutton, G.W, Washburn, D. M., Comtois, L.L., & Moeckel, A.R.
(2005). Social work referrals: How do agency personnel problems
affect client referrals and the restoration of trust? Manuscript
submitted for publication.
Takaku, S., Weiner, B., & Ohbuchi, K.-I. (2001). A cross-cultural
examination of the effects of apology and perspective taking on
forgiveness. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 20, 144166.
Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S.T.,
Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., et al., (in press). Dispositional
forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality.
Touissant, L. L., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Everson, S. A.
(2001). Forgiveness and health: Age differences in a U.S.
probability sample. Journal of Adult Development, 8, 249-257.
Wade, N.G., Worthington, E.L. Jr. (2003). Overcoming
interpersonal offenses: Is forgiveness the only way to deal with
unforgiveness? Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 343–
353.
Waldron, V., & Kelley, D. K. (in press). Forgiving communication as
a response to relational transgressions. Journal of Personal and
Social Relationships.
Wohl, M. J. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2004). Importance of social
categorization for forgiveness and collective guilt assignment for
the Holocaust. In N. R. Branscombe & B. Dooje (Eds.) Collective
guilt: International perspectives, (pp. 284-305). New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Wohl, M. J. A., & Branscombe, N. R. (2005). Forgiveness and
collective guilt assignment to historical perpetrator groups depend
on level of social category inclusiveness. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 88, 288-303.
Wohl, M. J. A., Kuiken, D., & Noels, K. A. (in press). Three ways to
forgive: A numerically aided phenomenological study. British
Journal of Social Psychology.
Wohl, M. J. A., & Reeder, G. D. (2004). When bad deeds are
forgiven: Judgments of morality and forgiveness for intergroup
aggression. In F. Columbus (Ed.), Psychology of Aggression, (pp.
59-74). New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Worthington, E. L., Jr. (1998). An empathy-humility-commitment
model of forgiveness applied within family dyads. Journal of Family
Therapy, 20, 59-76.
Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2000). Is there a place for forgiveness in the
justice system? Fordham Urban Law Journal, 27, 1721-1734.
Worthington, E. L., Jr., Berry, J. W., & Parrott, L. III. (2001).
Unforgiveness, forgiveness, religion, and health. In T. G. Plante &
A.C. Sherman (Eds.), Faith and health: Psychological perspectives
(pp. 107-138). New York: Guilford.
Worthington, E. L., Jr. & Drinkard, D.T. (2000). Promoting
reconciliation through psychoeducational and therapeutic
interventions. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 26, 93-101.
Worthington, E. L., Jr., & Scherer, M. (2004). Forgiveness is an
emotion-focused coping strategy that can reduce health risks and
promote health resilience: theory, review, and hypotheses.
Psychology and Health, 19, 385 – 406.Worthington, E. L., Jr. &
Wade, N. G. (1999). The psychology of unforgiveness and
forgiveness and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Social
and Clinical Psychology, 18, 385-418.
Zechmeister, J. S., Garcia, S., Romero, C., & Vas, S. N. (2004).
Don’t apologize unless you mean it: A laboratory investigation of
forgiveness and retaliation. Journal of Social and Clinical
Psychology, 23, 532-564.
The list was compiled using the usual professional databases which may be
consulted for abstracts and links to the published articles (e.g., PsycINFO,
EBSCOhost). In addition, many may be found using Google scholar
(www.google.com) and the Kentucky University Forgiveness Project.
I welcome corrections and additions suttong@evangel.edu