What term describes the powdery mark left behind when a mineral is scratched along a piece of unglazed porcelain?
A) colour
B) lustre
C) streak
D) residue
Anna is using a Mohs scale set of minerals to test some rock samples. Which would she find has the greatest hardness value?
A) quartz
B) feldspar
C) calcite
D) diamond
When organisms are preserved, in full or part, as fossils, what are they known as?
A) trace fossils
B) moulds
C) casts
D) original remains
What type of fossils form when bones harden into a rock-like substance?
A) moulds
B) casts
C) trace fossils
D) petrified fossils
Which of the following would have the best chance of being preserved?
A) wings of a fly
B) shell of a oyster
C) skin and fur of a lion
D) a worm
Which of the following minerals is the softest on the Mohs Hardness Scale?
A) soapstone
B) feldspar
C) talc
D) shale

While on a field trip to the Rocky Mountains, Callum finds a sedimentary rock containing sediments of various sizes. Which of the following rocks did Callum probably find?
A) sandstone
B) conglomerate
C) shale
D) granite
Which two processes form sedimentary rocks?
A) heating and cooling
B) compaction and compression
C) compression and melting
D) compaction and cementation
Which of the following is not an example of a metamorphic rock?
A) granite
B) pumice
C) marble
D) none of the above
Which of the following is not a method used to identify minerals.
A) color
B) hardness
C) cleavage
D) clarity
Which of the following terms describes the easiest way to classify a mineral?
A) cleavage
B) fracture
C) hardness
D) color
A growing tree root can eventually split a rock. What is this process called?
A) wind erosion
B) biological weathering
C) crop rotation
D) desertification

Figure 4-1
The rock cycle shown in Figure 4-1 indicates that each type of rock can ____________________.
A) provide materials to make other rocks
B) form other rocks
C) be changed by forces at Earth's surface
D) all of the above
Figure 4-1 shows that sedimentary rocks are changed to sediment by ____________________.
A) compaction
B) weathering
C) cementation
D) melting
Pierre is working on a project about sedimentary rocks. Which of the following should he include in his project?
A) granite
B) limestone
C) feldspar
D) marble
Which of the following is the best example of chemical weathering?
A) frost wedging
B) acid rain
C) tree roots
D) landslides

Rocks that fall down a hill due to gravity is a result of
A) chemical weathering
B) biological weathering
C) mechanical weathering
D) erosion
The crystals that form in slowly cooling magma are ____________________.
A) tiny
B) invisible
C) colourful
D) large
What is the name of the supercontinent that formed over 200 million years ago? Hint: This supercontinent eventually broke up into the present day continents.
A) Pangaea
B) Rhodesia
C) Gondwanaland
D) Rhonda
Which of the following is not a form of mechanical weathering?
A) frost wedging
B) gravity
C) wind
D) acid rain
Rocks that break with smooth flat edges are known to have
A) cleavage
B) fracture
C) clarity
D) luster
Frost wedging is caused by ____________________.
A) acids freezing on rocks
B) water and oxygen reacting
C) water freezing and thawing
D) rocks colliding with each other
When oceanic and continental plates collide, one plate is forced under the other. What term describes the areas where these plates overlap?
A) subduction zones
B) conduction zones
C) convection zones
D) subvection zones

The layer of the earth that is the thinnest of all is the
A) inner core
B) outer core
C) crust
D) upper
Which of the following were not used as evidence to support the Theory of Continental Drift?
A) fossils
B) jig-saw fit of the continents
C) deep ocean trenches
D) rock types
What are tracks, burrows, and other evidence of animal activity known as?
A) moulds
B) casts
C) trace fossils
D) original remains
Plates move apart at ____________________ boundaries.
A) convergent
B) stable
C) divergent
D) volcanic
Ref: Use the following to answer question(s)
The Ring of Fire surrounds which of the following plates?
A) Pacific Plate
B) African Plate
C) North American Plate
D) Eurasian Plate

According to the figure, what type of plate boundary occurs between the Nazca Plate and the South
American Plate?
A) divergent plate margin
B) convergent plate margin
C) divergent continental margin
D) transform fault boundary
The point in Earth's interior where the energy release of an earthquake occurs is the
____________________.
A) focus
B) epicentre
C) fault
D) hot spot
The layer of the earth that is composed of iron and nickel is
A) inner core
B) outer core
C) upper mantle
D) crust
Which of the following terms is the correct definition of the visible layers we see in a section of soil?
A) strata
B) stratification
C) layering
D) soil profile
Most earthquakes happen ____________________.
A) without warning
B) in areas where earthquakes have occurred in the past
C) along plate boundaries
D) all of the above
The portion of soil which supplies the nutrients for plant growth is
A) humus
B) fertile soil
C) compost
D) topsoil
Which term describes volcanoes that are not currently erupting?
A) active
B) dormant
C) sleeping
D) extinct

Ref: Use the following scenario to answer questions
Many volcanoes are located along the area that surrounds the Pacific Ocean as shown in the given figure.
There are many volcanoes located in this region because volcanoes occur near areas of ……
A) diverging plate boundaries.
B) subduction zones.
C) rift zones.
D) sea floor spreading.
What is the name that was given to this volcanic region that surrounds the Pacific Ocean?
A) zone of fire
B) area of fire
C) ring of fire
D) rim of fire
Which is more likely to be preserved as a fossil?
A) bear fur
B) salamander's skin
C) insect shell
D) leech
Which option lists the layers of Earth's crust in order from the centre of Earth to its surface.
A) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
B) mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
C) crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
D) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Which of the following is not a type of earthquake wave?
A) primary or P wave
B) L wave
C) surface wave
D) secondary or S wave

Where does an earthquake begin within Earth?
A) focus
B) epicentre
C) fault
D) focal point