Методичні вказівки для студентів на кожне практичне заняття, які мають містити повну
найбільш важливу та додаткову інформацію.
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 1
Theme: Nucleic acids and their role in genetic information’ storage and expression
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. DNA characteristic and its macromolecular organisation. DNA conformations.
2. Biosynthesis of the DNA (replication). Stages and enzymes are taking place in replication
3. Supporting of the genetic stability of the genes: self-correction and reparation. Reparation types.
4. Gene’ definition
5. Classification of genes.
6. RNA and their role in genetic information’ storage and expression. RNA chemical structure.
RNA types and their functions
The themes for student’ self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. DNA reparation: there ways and biological significance
2. Enzymes are involved in DNA modification and their properties
3. Self-correction and DNA-methylizing in the cell.
The Literature.
Basic:
Lazarev K.L. Medical Biology: Textbook. - Second edition. Simferopol: IAD CSMU,
2003, - P. 143 – 150
Additional:
Conspectus of lectures
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 2
Theme: Human genome
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Modern conception of human genome
2. Unique, moderate and highly repetitive sequences in human DNA
3. Structural and constitutive genes. Genes of “housekeeping”
4. Pseudogenes, transposons
5. Extranuclear heredity. Mitochondrial DNA.
The themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. Introns’ function in eukaryotes, evolution-of-introns theory
2. Human diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA non-proper work, mechanisms of their
development and inheritance.
3. Peculiarities of “housekeeping genes” work
The Literature.
Main sources:
1. Lazarev K.L. Medical Biology: Textbook. - Second edition. Simferopol: IAD CSMU, 2003, - P.
143 – 150
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 3
Theme: Gene expression’ mechanisms
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Gene expression’ definition. Modern state of the “central dogma” of the molecular biology.
2. Enzymes and stages are involved in transcription.
3. Processing, alternative splicing
4. Mechanisms and stages of translation. Posttranslational modification of polypeptides.
5. Gene regulation in prokaryotes. Operon; positive and negative control.
6. Peculiarities of gene regulation in eukaryotes for different stages of expression.
The themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. Alternative splicing as a base for variability
2. Gene expression’ regulation in eukaryotes: types, ways of gene control
3. Different ways of regulation of bacterial operon’ activity
4. Peculiarities of gene imprinting in humans
The literature.
Main sources:
1. Lazarev K.L. Medical Biology: Textbook. - Second edition. Simferopol: IAD CSMU, 2003, - P.
143 – 150
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 4
Theme: Molecular mechanisms of mutations
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Molecular mechanisms and classification of gene mutations
2. Molecular and cytological ways of chromosomal mutations
3. Molecular and cytological ways of genomic mutations
4. Mutagenesis as a process
5. Mutations and cancer
6. Evaluation of mutagenesis of an organism
7. Antimutagens
The themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. Apoptosis as a programmed cell death
2. Mutagenic activity of different substances
3. Oncogenes and their activity regulation
The Literature.
Main sources:
1. Lazarev K.L. Medical Biology: Textbook. - Second edition. Simferopol: IAD CSMU, 2003, - P.
178 - 192.
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 5
Theme: Cell cycle’ regulation. Apoptosis. Essentials of the oncogenetics.
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Cell cycle definition and phases
2. Cell cycle regulation, checkpoints and compounds involved
3. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and their role in a cell cycle control
4. Apoptosis.
5. Genetic mechanisms of oncogenesis.
6. Carcinogenic factors
Themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. Inhibitors of the cell cycle and their role in cancer development
2. Cell cycle regulation and cancer
3. Oncogenes their characteristic and regulation of activity
The literature.
Main sources:
1. Introduction to molecular biology Peter Paolella. USA -1998,241 p.
2. Human molecular genetics. Tom Strachan, Andrew P. Read. Bios Scientific Publisher,
1998,680 р
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 6
Theme: Molecular-genetic methods’ application in medicine
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Principles of recombinant DNA constructing
2. DNA fragments identification. Southern blotting
3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
4. Direct DNA methods
5. Indirect DNA methods
6. Application of molecular-genetic methods in medicine
Themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. DNA methods application in forensic science
2. DNA methods in estimating the risk of developing cancers
3. Making a DNA library
The literature.
Main sources:
1. Lazarev K.L. Medical Biology: Textbook. - Second edition. Simferopol: IAD CSMU,
2003, - P. 178 - 192.
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
METHODICAL DIRECTIONS FOR LESSON № 7
Theme: Gene therapy. Transgenic organisms
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Gene therapy as a result of achievements of molecular genetics, gene and cellular
engineering
2. Principles, ways and types of gene therapy
3. Vectors are used for transgenosis
4. Transgenic bacteria, plants, animals: principles of their constructing and areas of
application in the national economy and medicine.
5. Problems and perspectives of gene therapy and transgenic organisms’ application
Themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. Safety problems using the genetically-modified (GMO) food.
2. Gene therapy for cancer treatment.
3. Basic areas of the transgenic organisms’ applications in the national economy and
medicine.
The literature.
Main sources:
1. Methodical directions for Molecular biology lessons
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
2. Ukrainian-English illustrated medical dictionary of Dorland (translation of 30th,
American edition). In 2th volumes/ Lvov: Nautilus, 2007. – Pages 233, 1765, 1827.
Methodical Directions for Lesson № 8
Theme: Cloning of cells and organisms
Theoretical questions for outclass independent study and lesson discussion:
1. Cloning types
2. Principles, ways and types of cloning
3. Molecular cloning
4. Cloning of cells
5. Cloning of organisms
6. Problems and perspectives of the cloning usage
Themes for student self-made review (time for presentation - 5-7 min):
1. Human cloning: biological, social and ethical considerations
2. New approaches and perspectives of therapeutic cloning’ usage in medicine
The literature
1. Methodical directions for Molecular biology lessons
Additional sources:
1. Conspectus of lectures
2. Ukrainian-English illustrated medical dictionary of Dorland (translation of 30th,
American edition). In the 1st volume/ Lvov: Nautilus, 2007. – Pages 233, 1765, 1827.