Chapter 1 – Matter

Matter and Its Properties - Definitions
o
Mass – the amount of _________________
o
Matter – anything that has __________ and _______________ (takes up space)
o
Atom – smallest unit of an _______________ that will retain the properties of that
element

o
Element – _______ substance made of only one kind of __________
o
Compound – two or more _________________ chemically bonded together
Matter and Its Properties – Extensive vs. Intensive & Physical vs. Chemical
o
Every substance has properties that can be used to _______________ it from other
substances.
o
Extensive Properties – depends on amount of _______________ present

o
Examples: Volume, ____________, and Amount of energy in a substance
Intensive Properties – _______ ______ depend on the amount of matter present

Examples: Melting point, _______________ __________, Density, and Ability
to conduct __________________ and __________
o
Physical Properties – _________ be observed or measured without permanently
changing the substance

Examples: Weight, ________________, Color, ________________, and
Temperature
o
Chemical Properties – _____________ be observed or measured without
permanently changing the substance

Examples: Flammability, _________________, and energy in bonds
o
Whenever a physical or chemical change occurs, ______________ is involved.
o
Although energy can be absorbed or released in a change, it is not
________________ or ________________.


Matter and Its Properties - Changes of State

_______________ – definite volume and definite shape

_______________ – definite volume, indefinite shape

_______________ – indefinite volume, indefinite shape

_______________ – high temperature state where atoms lose electrons
Matter and Its Properties - Two Classes of Matter
o
o
__________ substances – CANNOT be separated by ordinary physical means

Same chemical properties

Same ____________________ in every sample

Element or compound

Examples: Water and _______________
________________ – CAN be separated by ordinary physical means

Each component retains its own unique __________________

Homogeneous – same throughout, also called _______________


Heterogeneous – not same throughout


Example: _________________________
Example: _________________________
Let’s Practice:
o
Q: Consider the air around you. It is a mixture of several gases, mainly nitrogen,
oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Air is considered…


homogeneous

heterogeneous
Periodic Table
o
Compounds can be broken down by _________________ means to elements.
__________________ cannot be broken down.
o
Elements are organized in the periodic table according to their ___________________.

Groups or families – _________________ columns that share similar chemical
properties

Period – ____________________ rows with gradually changing chemical
properties

Let’s Practice:
o
o
o

Q: Which of the following elements are in the same group?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine

Nitrogen, Sulfur, Bromine
Q: Which of the following elements are in the same period?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine

Nitrogen, Sulfur, Bromine
Q: Which of the following elements are chemically most similar?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine

Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine

Nitrogen, Sulfur, Bromine
Metals vs. Non-metals
o
Metals – elements that are good ____________________ of electricity and heat

Found on the __________ side of the periodic table

Common properties of metals:

o
Malleable, _____________, and Luster

Most are _______________ at room temperature

Have varying degrees of traits

Example: _____________________________
Nonmetals – poor _______________________ of electricity and heat

Found on the _________________ side of the periodic table.
o

Brittle

Many are ______________ at room temperature

Example: _____________________________
Metalloids – have characteristics of both _______________ and
______________________


Example: ____________________________
Groups You Should Know:
o
Alkali Metals (Group ____)
o
Alkali Earth Metals (Group _____)
o
Halogens (Group ____)
o
Nobel Gases (Group ____)
o
Hydrogen and Helium are unique.

Hydrogen can act as a metal or nonmetal (depending on what it is bonded to).

Helium is the most stable and least reactive element on the periodic chart.